1、Computer Science in EnglishDesigned and Programmed ByJiang TongqiangMiao TianshunTeaching Assisted CoursewareComputer Science in EnglishII.Grammatical Notes to the Text III.Words Bank to the TextIV.Exercises of the ChapterI.Pre-reading QuestionsChapter 3:Computer System ArchitectureII.Grammatical No
2、tes to the Text III.Words Bank to the TextIV.Exercises of the ChapterI.Pre-reading QuestionsChapter 3I.Pre-reading Questions1.How many types of parallel processing do you know?Name at least four of them.?2.What is a pipelining?3.How many types of computers do you know?Name at least four of them.1.Ho
3、w many types of parallel processing do you know?Name at least four of them.?Reference Key:There are a variety of ways that parallel processing can be classified.One classification introduced by M.J.Flynn considers the organization of a computer system by the number of instructions and data items tha
4、t are manipulated simultaneously.Flynns classification divides computers into four major groups as follows:1.Single instruction stream,single data stream(SISD).2.Single instruction stream,multiple data stream(SIMD).3.Multiple instruction stream,single data stream(MISD).4.Multiple instruction stream,
5、multiple data stream(MIMD).Chapter 3I.Pre-reading Questions2.What is a pipelining?Reference Key:Pipelining is a technique of decomposing a sequential process into suboperations,with each subprocess being executed in a special dedicated segment that operates concurrently with all other segments.Chapt
6、er 3I.Pre-reading Questions3.What is a RISC?Reference Key:RISC processors exclude these instructions,opting for a smaller instruction set with simpler instructions.分词结构分词结构used to denote a large class computer system从作定语，修饰从作定语，修饰a terma term。thatthat引导的限制性定语从句，修饰引导的限制性定语从句，修饰techniquestechniques。fo
7、r the purpose of increasing the computational speed of a computer system是介词短语作状语，是介词短语作状语，表示目的。表示目的。denotedenote：表示：表示的意义。的意义。1.Parallel processing is a term used to denote a large class of techniques that are used to provide simultaneous data-processing tasks for the purpose of increasing the compu
8、tational speed of a computer system.II.Grammatical Notes to the Textthe amount of processing that can accomplished during a given interval of time作作throughput的同位语。限制性定的同位语。限制性定语从句语从句that can be accomplished during a given interval of time修饰修饰the amount of processing。interval：间隔，空隙。：间隔，空隙。2.The purpo
9、se of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability and increase its throughput,that is,the amount of processing that can be accomplished during a given interval of time.II.Grammatical Notes to the Textitit指代的是前一个句子中叙述的事情。指代的是前一个句子中叙述的事情。由由fromfrom连接连接is 3is 3个介词短语是并列的，个介词短语是
10、并列的，都作都作considered considered 的状语。的状语。3.It can be considered from the internal organization of the processors,from the interconnection structure between processors,or from the flow of information through the system.II.Grammatical Notes to the Textbe characterized bybe characterized by：有特点。：有特点。名词从句名
11、词从句 that they require that they require to to complete complete 作作fact fact 的同位语。的同位语。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句that will take a that will take a conventional computer days or even conventional computer days or even weeks to complete weeks to complete 修饰修饰computationscomputations。4.These problems are characteri
12、zed by the fact that they require a vast number of computations that will take a conventional computer days or even weeks to complete.II.Grammatical Notes to the Text不定式短语不定式短语to achieve the required level to achieve the required level of high performance of high performance 作状语，表示目的作状语，表示目的;it;it是形
13、式主语，其作用是为了避免句子结构头重是形式主语，其作用是为了避免句子结构头重脚轻。真正的主语是脚轻。真正的主语是to utilize to utilize techniquestechniques。innovativeinnovative：创新的。介词短语：创新的。介词短语from vector and parallel processing from vector and parallel processing techniquestechniques作定语，修饰作定语，修饰proceduresprocedures。5.To achieve the required level of hig
14、h performance it is necessary to utilize the fastest and most reliable hardware and apply innovative procedures from vector and parallel processing techniques.II.Grammatical Notes to the Text形容词短语形容词短语capable of vector processing capable of vector processing 作作主语，修饰主语，修饰a computera computer。eliminat
15、eeliminate：去除，消：去除，消除。过去分词结构除。过去分词结构associated with associated with loop loop 修饰修饰the overheadthe overhead。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句it takes to fetch and it takes to fetch and execute the instructions in the program execute the instructions in the program looploop修饰修饰the timethe time，连接词，连接词thatthat被省略了。被省略了。6
16、.A computer capable of vector processing eliminates the overhead associated with the time it takes to fetch and execute the instructions in the program loop.II.Grammatical Notes to the Text现在分词短语现在分词短语specifying the base address of the operands 修饰修饰three fields。介词。介词with连接了两个名词性短语：连接了两个名词性短语：three f
17、ields 与与an additional field。限制性定。限制性定语从句语从句that gives the length of the data items in the vectors 修饰修饰an additional field。7.This is essentially a three-address instruction with three fields specifying the base address of the operands and an additional field that gives the length of the data items in
18、 the vectors.II.Grammatical Notes to the Text该句包含一个宾语从句该句包含一个宾语从句that reducing that reducing the propagation the propagation more quickly more quickly。现在分词短语现在分词短语reducing the reducing the propagation delay within the CPUpropagation delay within the CPU作作从句中的主语。从句中的主语。分词短语分词短语performing each instruc
19、tion performing each instruction more quicklymore quickly作状语，表示结果。作状语，表示结果。8.They reasoned that reducing the propagation delay within the CPU would allow the CPU to run at a higher frequency,thus performing each instruction more quickly.II.Grammatical Notes to the TextDepending on Depending on funct
20、ions functions 为分词短语作为分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语是状语，其逻辑主语是this approachthis approach。介词。介词onon后边带着由后边带着由howhow引导的宾语从句，以及中心词引导的宾语从句，以及中心词为为the number of instructionsthe number of instructions的名词性短语。的名词性短语。过去分词短语过去分词短语needed to perform their needed to perform their functionsfunctions修饰修饰the number of instructionst
21、he number of instructions。9.Depending on how frequently the eliminated instructions were needed,and the number of instructions needed to perform their functions,this approach might or might not improve system performance.II.Grammatical Notes to the Textwhether pin compatible or not whether pin compa
22、tible or not 是插是插入语，相当于状语的作用。入语，相当于状语的作用。asas后边省略了后边省略了the softwarethe software，这种，这种the the samesameasas的结构，可以避免重复。的结构，可以避免重复。10.This same backward compatibility,whether pin compatible or not,allows the CISC CPU to run the same software as used by the predecessors in its family.II.Grammatical Notes
23、 to the Textparallel 5pArElel adj.平行的平行的，类似的，并联的，类似的，并联的sequential si5kwinFEl adj.连续的连续的；顺；顺次次 序的序的concurrent kEn5kQrEnt adj.并发的并发的，协作的，协作的accomplish E5kCmpliF vt.完成完成，达到，实现，达到，实现feasible 5fi:zEbl adj.可行的可行的，切实可行的，切实可行的distinguish dis5tiNwiF v.区别区别，辨别，辨别divert di5vE:t v.转移转移，转向，转向manipulate mE5nipju
24、leit vt.操作，使用操作，使用(机器等机器等)constitute 5kCnstitju:t vt.制定，建立，组成制定，建立，组成theoretical WiE5retik(E)l adj.理论的理论的classification 7klAsifi5keiFEn n.分类，分级分类，分级segment 5semEnt n.段，节，片断段，节，片断partition pB:5tiFEn n.分割，划分分割，划分analogous E5nAlEEs adj.类似的，相似的类似的，相似的elapse i5lAps vi.(时间时间)过去，消逝过去，消逝demonstrate 5demEnst
25、reit vt.示范，证明示范，证明conventional kEn5venFEnl adj.惯例的，常规的惯例的，常规的artificial B:ti5fiF(E)l adj.人造的；人工的人造的；人工的sophisticated sE5fistikeitid adj.精密复杂的精密复杂的utilize ju:5tilaiz vt.利用利用matrix 5meitriks n.矩阵矩阵scalar 5skeilE adj.梯状的，数量的，标量的梯状的，数量的，标量的variable 5vZEriEbl n.数数变数，可变物，变量变数，可变物，变量paradoxical 7pArE5dCksi
26、kEl a.自相矛盾的自相矛盾的propagation prRpE5eiF(E)n n.繁殖，传播繁殖，传播eliminate i5limineit vt.排除，消除排除，消除invariably in5veEriEb(E)li adv.不变地，总是不变地，总是correspond kCris5pCnd vi.符合，通信，相应符合，通信，相应exclude iks5klu:d vt.拒绝接纳，排斥拒绝接纳，排斥compatibility kEm7pAti5biliti n.兼容性兼容性intermingle 7intE(:)5miNl v.混合混合hybrid 5haibrid n.混血儿，混
27、合物混血儿，混合物IV.ExercisesComprehensionI.Filling blanksVocabularyII.True or FalseIII.Matching termsSummaryVII.Cloze(Summarizing the Text)VIII.Translating SentencesCollocationIV.Translating termsV.Selecting wordsVI.Conceptual PhrasesTranslationI.Fill in the following blanks.I.Fill in the following blanks.
28、II.True or False.III.Matching terms.IV.Translating Terms.V.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.distinguish correspond artificial sequential variable feasible concurrent eliminate segment V.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where n
29、ecessary.distinguish correspond artificial sequential variable feasible concurrent eliminate segment V.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.distinguish correspond artificial sequential variable feasible concurrent eliminate segment V.Fill in the blanks with t
30、he words given below.Change the form where necessary.distinguish correspond artificial sequential variable feasible concurrent eliminate segment V.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.distinguish correspond artificial sequential variable feasible concurrent e
31、liminate segment V.Look at the following sentence taken from your reading passage.Just think about what else you can“perform”and fill in the sentences with the right words.e.g.The register holds the data and the combinational circuit performs the suboperation in the particular segment.2.We are the s
32、ame biologically and our bodies perform the same fu_ everywhere on the planet.nctions 1.Three basic pieces of equipment will help you to perform a variety of ex_ to improve your figure.ercises4.Valentine ignored the ban and continued to perform ma_ for young lovers in secret.riages 3.Bancroft Commun
33、ity students will live in apartments or in a house,cooking their own meals,washing their own clothes,and learning to perform other ta_.sks6.His council had to perform mi_ on a tiny budget.racles 5.We were pleased to have the opportunity to watch such good dancers perform a highly praised new ba_.lle
34、tVII.Choose the best one of the four answers given to fill in each blank.In computer engineering,computer architecture is the _1_ design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system.It is a _2_ and functional description of requirements,especially speeds and interconnections,and design
35、 implementations for the various parts of a computer _3_ largely on the way by which the central processing unit(CPU)performs internally and accesses addresses in memory.Computer system architecture _4_ the design of the four _5_:parallel processing,pipelining,vector processing and RISC.Parallel pro
36、cessing system is used to provide simultaneous data-processing tasks for the purpose of increasing the _6_ speed of a computer systemand is able to perform _7_ data processing to achieve faster execution time.A pipeline is a set of data processing elements connected in series,so that the output of o
37、ne element is the input of the next one.The elements of a pipeline are often _8_ in parallel or in time-sliced fashion.A vector processor,is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously.Computers with vector processing capabilities are in demand i
38、n 9_ applications.RISC processors have fewer and _10_ instructions than CISC processors.As a result,their control units are less complex and easier to design.1.A.lastestB.conceptualC.ideal D.simple2.A.plan B.designC.blueprint D.concept3.A.relyingB.dependingC.attachingD.focusing 4.A.refersB.speaksC.i
39、nvolvesD.interacts5.A.ingredientsB.typesC.kindsD.lists6.A.computational B.computer C.computation D.computing7.A.current B.compound C.concurrentD.massive8.A.displayedB.carried C.accomplishedD.executed9.A.specialB.specializedC.specific D.especial10.A.simpleB.simplifyingC.singularD.simpler1.B2.C3.D4.C5
40、.A6.A7.C8.D9.B10.D1.The purpose of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability and increase its throughput,that is,the amount of processing that can be accomplished during a given interval of time.VIII.Translate the following into English.2.It is characteristic of pipelines
41、 that several computations can be in process in distinct segments at the same time.VIII.Translate the following into English.3.To achieve the required level of high performance it is necessary to utilize the fastest and most reliable hardware and apply innovative procedures from vector and parallel
42、processing techniques.VIII.Translate the following into English.4.In general,the greater the number of instructions in an instruction set,the larger the propagation delay is within the CPU.VIII.Translate the following into English.5.Although CISC processors are more complex,this complexity does not necessarily increase development costs.EndVIII.Translate the following into English.
