1、空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题选择性必修第三册选择性必修第三册 Unit 6 Nature in words Using language Learning Objectives1.To know non-finites as attributive,adverbial and complement by analyzing examples and summarizing the rules.2.To grasp the usage of non-finites as attributive,adverbial and complement by doing individual work
2、and group work.3.To use non-finites as attributive,adverbial and complement to describe their attitude towards nature.a.I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.b.wake up to find yourself in another quite different,c.I can see the children flattening their noses against the window,d.flattened my n
3、ose against the cold window to watch the falling snowLook at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.What is the difference between the verbs in red in sentences(a)and(c)?In sentence(b),does“to find”indicate purpose or result?Past participle used as complementPresent particip
4、le used as complementPurposeResultAn attributive used to describe the snow.In sentence(d),does“to watch”indicate purpose or result?What is the function of“falling”?Now lets read more examples.复习：非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法Review:non-finite forms as attributive,
5、adverbial and complement非谓语动词共有三类：非谓语动词共有三类：不定式不定式,V-ing,V-ed。本单元主要复习非谓语动词作本单元主要复习非谓语动词作定语、状语定语、状语和和补语补语的用法的用法。一、非谓语动词作定语1The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.2He has no pen to write with.3He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.4The ability t
6、o express an idea is as important as the idea itself.5Do you know the man standing under the tree?6He is very old and walks with a walking stick.7We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.8The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.1
7、不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。2 2不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。3不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。4被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，
8、attempt，way等。5主动的-ing 形式作定语，常表示被修饰词的用途或正在进行的动作；其被动形式“being过去分词”表示正在进行的被动动作。6及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动并已完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语通常只表示已完成的动作。即学即练1单句语法填空Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail _ (wait)for her.His first book_(publish)next month is based on a true story.He g
9、ot up early the next morning and found a lot of _ (fall)leaves on the ground.She is now looking for a room _(live)in.waiting to be publishedfallento live动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词名词或代词之后之后。Is this the best way to help him?这是帮他的最佳方法吗？这是帮他的最佳方法吗？Your wish to be a teacher is quit
10、e understandable.你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间是不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系主谓关系、动宾关系动宾关系、同位关同位关系系或或修饰关系修饰关系。1.主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.他总是第一个来最后一个走。他总是第一个来最后一个走。The next train to arrive was from Shenzhen.下一列到站的火车是从深圳开来的。下一列到站的火车是从深圳
11、开来的。2.动宾关系动宾关系当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系时，时，不定式动词应该是不定式动词应该是及物动词及物动词；若若不定式动词为不及物动词不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词，则该动词必须与介词连用必须与介词连用，组，组成及物的动词短语。成及物的动词短语。The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.老师给我们留了很多题要解答。老师给我们留了很多题要解答。Please give me something to drink.请给我点喝的。请给我点喝的。He wanted to f
12、ind a new house to live in.他想找个新房子住。他想找个新房子住。3.同位关系同位关系 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.他没有遵守定期给父母写信的承诺。他没有遵守定期给父母写信的承诺。We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.我们学生应该有面对任何困难的勇气。我们学生应该有面对任何困难的勇气。4.修饰关系修饰关系 Now it is time to begin our class.现在是上课的时间了。现在是上课的时间了
13、。I need somewhere to take a nap.我需要一个地方打个盹。我需要一个地方打个盹。V-ing形式作定语形式作定语1.单个的动词单个的动词-ing形式形式作定语位于被修饰名词的作定语位于被修饰名词的前面前面，既可以表示，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功被修饰者的作用或功能能，也可以表示，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态被修饰者的动作或状态。drinking water=a walking stick=a reading room=a writing desk=tiring music=water for drinking 饮用水饮用水a stick for walking 手
14、杖手杖a room for reading 阅览室阅览室a desk for writing 写字台写字台music that is tiring 烦人的音乐烦人的音乐若单个的动词若单个的动词-ing形式形式修饰的词为修饰的词为those,something,everything,nothing 等代词时，则等代词时，则-ing形式要放在形式要放在其后其后。He is reading something interesting.他正在读有趣的内容。他正在读有趣的内容。There is nothing amazing.没什么了不起的。没什么了不起的。2.V-ing形式短语形式短语作定语时，放在所
15、修饰的作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句定语从句。They lived in a room facing the street.=They lived in a room that faces the street.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peters father.=The man who is standing there is Peters father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。Anybody swimming i
16、n this river will be fined.=Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。3.-ing形式短语形式短语也可以用作也可以用作非限制定语非限制定语，相当于一个，相当于一个非限非限制性定语从句制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号逗号分开。分开。His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.=His brother,who is working as a t
17、eacher,lives in Beijing.他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。The apple tree,swaying gently in the breeze,had a good crop of fruit.=The apple tree,which was swaying gently in the breeze,had a good crop of fruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。V-ed形式作定语形式作定语1.单个单个-ed作定语作定语a.及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语时一般兼有形式作定语时一
18、般兼有被动被动和和完成完成的意义。的意义。a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员b.不及物动词不及物动词的的-ed形式作定语时只有形式作定语时只有完完成成意义。意义。a grown woman 一位成年妇女一位成年妇女an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯一名逃犯2.V-ed短语短语作定语通常作定语通常后置后置，其作用相当于一个，其作用相当于一个定语从句定语从句。the color TV set produced last year =the color TV set that was produced last year
19、 去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电视机 a letter written to me by my daughter=a letter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信一封我女儿写给我的信V-ed作定语与作定语与V-ing作定语的区别：作定语的区别：1)语态及时间关系不同语态及时间关系不同V-ing表主动、正在进行或经常性的动作；表主动、正在进行或经常性的动作；V-ed 表被动、动作已经完成表被动、动作已经完成an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的鼓舞人心的演说演说受鼓舞的受
20、鼓舞的听众听众the falling leaves 落叶落叶the fallen leaves 落叶落叶（正往下落的）（正往下落的）（已落到地面的）（已落到地面的）（正在变化的）（正在变化的）（变化了的）（变化了的）boiling waterboiled waterthe changing worldthe changed world（正在沸腾的）（正在沸腾的）（已经沸腾过的）（已经沸腾过的）fading flowers faded flowers（正在凋谢的）（正在凋谢的）（已经凋谢了的）（已经凋谢了的）a developing countrya developed country（发展中的
21、）（发展中的）（发达的）（发达的）2)及物动词的及物动词的-ed与与-ing的被动式都可的被动式都可表示表示被动被动,但但-ed表示一个表示一个完成了的动作完成了的动作,而而being done多表示一个多表示一个正在进行的动作正在进行的动作。The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us.The problem being discussed now has something to do with us.NoImage二、非谓语动词作状语 1To pass the college entrance examinatio
22、n，we must work hard.2The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.3Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.4More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.5One evening Harry phoned me，asking me t
23、o come to his flat as soon as possible.6Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.7We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.8Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.9Defeated by his deskmate，he felt disco
24、uraged.10Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.11Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.1不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。2不定式作结果状语，其前常有only，表示令人意外的结果；ing形式作结果状语常表示自然而然的结果，其前可有thus。4作时间状语，相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状
25、语从句。3作方式或伴随状语，ing形式表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。5作原因状语，不定式常用于“主语(人)系动词形容词to do”结构中6作条件状语，过去分词短语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。7作让步状语，过去分词短语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。即学即练2单句语法填空 I stopped the car _(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.George returned after the war，only _(tell)th
26、at his wife had left him.The sun began to rise in the sky，_(bathe)the mountain in golden light._(see)from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.to taketo be toldbathingSeen动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语动词不定式动词不定式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的作发生的原因、目的、原因、目的、结果结果。He came here to attend an important me
27、eting.Sam was very surprised to hear the news.He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.目的目的原因原因结果结果V-ing形式作状语形式作状语V-ing形式形式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的原因、时间、原因、时间、结果、结果、条件、条件、伴随、让步和方式伴随、让步和方式等，起作用相当于状语从句或并列句。等，起作用相当于状语从句或并列句。1.When I walked in the street,I saw a tailors shop.
28、2.Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.3.His father died and left the family even worse off.4.If you use your head,you will find a good way.5.Though he studied hard,he didnt pass the exam.6.He earns a living by driving a truck.7.He sat in the chair and read a newspaper.Walking in the stree
29、t,I saw a tailors shop.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.His father died,leving the family even worse off.Using your head,you will find a good way.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.He sat in the chair,reading a newspaper.V-ing形式形式作作状语状语时，它的时，它的逻辑主语逻辑主语必必须与须与主句的主语主句的主语是是一致一致的。的。Check the sente
30、nces.Looking out of the window,a cat was walking along the wall.Looking out of the window,we saw a cat walking along the wall.Ving 用于某些固定搭配中，用于某些固定搭配中，表示说话人的表示说话人的态度态度、观点观点等，如：等，如：generally speaking,frankly/honestly speaking,judging by/from,considering/seeing,supposing 等等。等等。Supposing it rains,we wi
31、ll put off the sports meeting.Generally speaking,boys are more interested in science than girls.如果下雨，我们就推迟运动会。如果下雨，我们就推迟运动会。一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。1.Asked what had happened,he kept silent.2.Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.3.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much bett
32、er.4.Left alone at home,the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.5.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by some students.时间时间原因原因条件条件让步让步伴随伴随1.When he was asked what had happened,he kept silent.2.Because he was caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.3.If we were given more time,we would be able
33、to do the work much better.5.The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by some students.4.Although he was left alone at home,the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.V-ed形式形式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的时间时间、原因原因、条件条件、让步让步、伴随或方式伴随或方式，相当于相当于状语从句或并列句。状语从句或并列句。逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须与句子的主语一致与句子的主语
34、一致。V-ed形式作状语形式作状语Change the sentences into complete ones.When heated,ice will be changed into water.Unless invited,I wont attend his wedding.Once caught smoking in the kitchen,the cook will be fired.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.Unless I am invited,I wont attend his wedding.Once t
35、he cook is caught smoking in the kitchen,he will be fired.V-ed作状语有时可保作状语有时可保留留连词连词，构成，构成“连词连词+V-ed”结构，即结构，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if 等连等连词词)+V-ed。_ from the top of the building,the school looks beautiful._ from the top of the building,we found the school beautiful.Seen Seeing 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很
36、美。从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。如果句子的主语和分词是如果句子的主语和分词是主动主动关系关系，用，用V-ing形式。形式。如果句子的主语和分词是如果句子的主语和分词是被动被动关系关系，用，用V-ed形式。形式。三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语1The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.2He depends on you to help him with his English.3They use computers to keep the traffic running smooth
37、ly.4He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.5I saw him leave a few minutes ago.6He saw the suspect entering the building.7Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.1有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语sb.to do”。2.-in
38、g 形式作宾语补足语时，表主动并且正在进行的动作。3过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动并且已完成的动作。4非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补 allow 允许 beg 乞求 encourage 鼓励 forbid 禁止 intend 意欲 order 订购 prefer 喜爱 teach 教 tell 告诉 warn 警告 wait for 等待 call on 号召；要求advise 建议ask 询问；要求cause 导致expect 期望force 强迫invite 邀请persuade 说服require 需要remind 提醒want 想要wish 想要depend on 依靠verb+
39、object+to infinitive(1)Can you help me _ English?你可以帮助我学英语吗？你可以帮助我学英语吗？(2)I wish you could persuade her_.我希望你可以说服她仔细考虑一下。我希望你可以说服她仔细考虑一下。to learnto think it over使役动词(1)使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“使，让”的含义。The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.The teacher g
40、ot some students to stay in the classroom after school.放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。(2)have sb.doing sth.用于否定句中，常与cant，wont等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。(3)have/get/make宾语done让被/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)Ill have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。He had his w
41、allet stolen on his way home.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。即学即练3单句语法填空I heard an English song _(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.Claire had her luggage _(check)an hour before her plane left.She was seen_(enter)the managers office ten minutes ago.Let those in need _(understand)that we will
42、go all out to help them.being sungchecked to enterunderstand动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语带带to的不定式的不定式 Id like you to keep everything tidy.我希望你能保持每样东西都整洁。我希望你能保持每样东西都整洁。The teacher asked us to finish the work today.老师要我们今天完成工作。老师要我们今天完成工作。Can you remind me to phone Ann tomorrow?你能提醒我明天给安打个电话吗？你能提醒我明天给安打个电话吗
43、？不带不带to的不定式的不定式1)用于使役动词用于使役动词let、make和和have后面后面Her parents wouldnt let her go out alone.她父母不会让她独自出门。她父母不会让她独自出门。The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day.老板让工人们每天工作老板让工人们每天工作14小时。小时。The teacher often has his students read aloud in class.老师经常让他的学生在教室里大声读。老师经常让他的学生在教室里大声读。2)用于感官动词一感用于感官动词一感feel,二听
44、二听hear,listen to,五看五看see，notice,observe,look at,watch等后面等后面I felt something crawl up my arm.我觉得有个东西顺着手臂往上爬。我觉得有个东西顺着手臂往上爬。Did you hear him go out?你听到他出去了吗？你听到他出去了吗？They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。They watched the bus disappear into the distance.他们注视着公共汽
45、车消失在远方。他们注视着公共汽车消失在远方。V-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语1.see,watch,hear,feel,notice,smell等等感官动词感官动词后接后接V-ing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,表示表示该动作正在进行该动作正在进行。I didnt notice him waiting.我没注意到他正在等我。我没注意到他正在等我。I felt an ant climbing over my leg.我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。Can you smell anything burning?你闻到什么东西正在燃烧吗？你闻到什么东西正在燃烧吗？I
46、 saw him running down the street.我看见他正沿着街跑。我看见他正沿着街跑。2.have,leave,keep等等使役使役动词后接动词后接V-ing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,表示表示“使处于某种状使处于某种状态态”。They shut the door and left,leaving the fire burning.他们关上门走了，留下火在燃烧。他们关上门走了，留下火在燃烧。Sorry,Ive kept you waiting a long time.对不起，让您久等了。对不起，让您久等了。使使役和感官役和感官动词动词之后用之后用-ing形式形式和和不不带带t
47、o的的不定式不定式作宾语补足语的区别：作宾语补足语的区别：We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）表示表示动作正在进行动作正在进行 We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验）（
48、一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验）表示（或强调）表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程动作从开始到结束的全过程1.like,want,wish,order等后面接等后面接V-ed作宾语作宾语补足语补足语,表示表示命令或希望某件事被完成命令或希望某件事被完成。I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服按他自己的尺寸来做。我想要这套衣服按他自己的尺寸来做。He didnt wish it mentioned.他不希望它被提及。他不希望它被提及。I want the room cleaned up when I come back.我希望在我回来的时
49、候，房间已清理好。我希望在我回来的时候，房间已清理好。V-ed形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.我刚才看到一位老人被车撞倒了。我刚才看到一位老人被车撞倒了。He found his home town greatly changed.他发现自己的家乡大变样了。他发现自己的家乡大变样了。2.see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等等感官动词感官动词后后接接V-ed作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,表示该动作与宾语之间是表示该动作与宾语之间是被动关系被动关系或者或者该动作
50、已经完成该动作已经完成。Were having our car repaired.我们正在请人修理汽车。我们正在请人修理汽车。Youd better keep the guests seated.你最好让客人坐下。你最好让客人坐下。He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。他的钱被偷了。3.have,get,make,leave,keep等等使役动词使役动词后接后接V-ed作宾语补足语作宾语补足语,表示表示动作由他动作由他人完成人完成。在在with的复合结构的复合结构中可接中可接不定式不定式，V-ing 和和V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作宾语补足语。这一结构通常
