1、Actin filamentsNuclear EnvelopeCytoplasmIntermediate filamentsMicrotubulesVesicleChromatinCentriolesCentrosomeLysosomeGolgi apparatusPolyribosomeMitochondrionRibosomesSmooth ERRough ERNucleolusNucleusCytoskeletonEndoplasmic Reticulumproduces ribosomesOutsideInsideplasma membraneproteinsfilaments of
2、cytoskeletoncholesterolcarbohydratechainhydrophobictailsphopspholipidbilayerhydrophilicheadsRegulates fluidityTransport,signal reception,recognitionCell-cell recognitionControls accessmacromoleculeH2Oaquaporinproteincharged molecules and ionsunchargedmoleculesphospholipidmolecule+-+Freely diffuse th
3、rough phospholipid bilayerDiffuses through pores in membrane proteinsIsotonic solution maintains cell shapeCells gain water in aHypotonic(lower salt)solutionCells lose water in a Hypertonic(higher salt)solutionMembrane is permeable to water only,net movement of water to insideEqual movement into and
4、 out of cell when equilibrium is reachedOutsideK+Na+Na+InsideglucosecarrierproteinInsideOutsideK+K+K+K+K+PNa+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+ATPADPEndocytosis ExocytosisvesiclevesicleFormation of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to take in large substancesFusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to release
5、large substancesGlycolysisglucoseglucosemitochondrionoxygenpyruvate2322ATPInside cellOutside cellelectronstransferredby NADHelectronstransferredby NADHCitricacidcycleElectronTransport chainATPATPRequires OxygenEnergy Yield from GlucosecytoplasmElectron carrier produced in glycolysisfermentationfermentation
