1、 New words and expressions guilty 犯罪的，违法的 tolerate 宽容的 declare 申报 hardened 有经验的 professional 职业的，专 业的 smuggler 走私者 officious 爱管闲事的 confidently 自信地 dreadful 可怕的，一团糟的 pounce 猛抓，扑住 perfume 香水 sarcastically 讽刺地 exempt 被免除的 duty 税 gel 凝胶 mixture 混合物 unscrew 拧开 nostril 鼻孔 chalk 粉笔 baggage 行李 1.What does i
2、t mean if you go through the Green Channel?2.Can a customs officer stop you?3.How do even really honest people feel when this happen?4.What about the hardened professional smuggler?You have nothing to declare.Yes,he can.Guilty.Hes never troubled by such feelings.para.1Part 2 Answer the questions on
3、Page 55 be guilty of 犯了 罪be/feel guilty for sth.对 感到内疚be/feel guilty at/about doing sth.对做了某事感到内疚对做了某事感到内疚翻译：翻译：他犯了谋杀罪。他犯了谋杀罪。He is guilty of murder.他为他粗鲁的话而内疚。他为他粗鲁的话而内疚。He felt guilty for his rude words.他为他制造了这样的麻烦而内疚。他为他制造了这样的麻烦而内疚。He felt guilty at/about making such trouble.丢弃了女儿他很内疚。丢弃了女儿他很内疚。H
4、e felt guilty about deserting his daughter.当他做了他本不该做的事时，他感到愧疚。当他做了他本不该做的事时，他感到愧疚。He felt guilty when he did what he shouldnt have done.He said that with a guilty smile.guilt(n.罪行,内疚)a sense of guilt 负罪感负罪感 guilty adj.犯罪的犯罪的违法的违法的 2.tolerant adj.宽容的 tolerantly adv.一个宽容的人一定是很好相处的。A tolerant person mus
5、t be easy going.be tolerant of/toward sth 对对.能容忍、宽容能容忍、宽容这些植物能够忍受极端炎热环境。这些植物能够忍受极端炎热环境。These plants are tolerant of extreme heat.tolerance(n.宽容,忍受,容忍)tolerate (vt.忍受,容忍)tolerable(adj.可忍受的)tolerate (vt.忍受,容忍)I cant tolerate your bad manners any longer.tolerable:adj.可忍受的,可容忍的翻译：疼痛剧烈,但尚能忍受。The pain was
6、 severe,but tolerable.(2)尚好的；过得去的翻译：我母亲身体尚好。My mother is in tolerable health.3.declare 申报申报 你必须把上个月所有的收入都报税你必须把上个月所有的收入都报税 You should declare all you have earned last month.宣布宣布 declare war 宣战宣战 sb.declare that 我宣布战争结束。我宣布战争结束。I declare that the war is over now.declaration 宣言宣言 declaration of indepe
7、ndence 独立宣言独立宣言 4.be made to are made to feel guilty make,have,let,see,hear,notice,feel+do 但这种结构改成被动式时,需带to。-We heard someone come up the stairs.Someone was heard to come up the stairs.make sb do sth be made to do sth eg.He made them work day and night.They were made to work day and night.We heard h
8、er sing the song.She was heard to sing the song.Someone saw him take the money.He was seen to take the money.5.hardened adj.有经验的（侧重于老练的）老练的玩家/小偷 a hardened player a hardened thief experienced adj.富有经验的(侧重于有经验的)经验丰富的老师 an experienced teacher hardened adj.冷酷无情的，坚强的冷酷无情的，坚强的冷酷的罪犯 a hardened criminal坚强的
9、旅行者a hardened traveller harden vi./vt.变得坚硬；变得坚硬；使坚强；使坚硬;心肠变硬,变得冷酷 无情翻译：土地在炎热的太阳下变得坚硬了。The earth hardens under the hot sun.他们在农场工作的时候,双手变粗糙了。Their hands hardened when they worked on the farm.我硬下心肠对待他。I hardened my heart against him.6.On the one hand.,on the other hand 一方面，另一方面一方面，另一方面一方面她的美令人着迷，另一方她的
10、残忍令人一方面她的美令人着迷，另一方她的残忍令人恐怖。恐怖。On the one hand,her beauty is fascinating;on the other hand,her cruelty is horrifying.7.officious adj.爱管闲事的 Officiousness(n.)许多老太太喜欢多管闲事。A lot of old ladies are officious.an officious police officer 专横的的警官专横的的警官 official adj.官方的,官员的,正式的 An official inquiry will be made
11、into this matter.（inquiry n.质询,调查）此事将进行一次官方调查。此事将进行一次官方调查。8.looking me in the eye.两眼直盯盯的注视着我两眼直盯盯的注视着我 looking sb.in the eye=look sb.in the face =stare sb.in the eyes =look directly at sb.没有人敢正眼看他。No one dared to look him in the eye.9.Confidently adv.自信地（=with confidence 充满信心的）-He went to do the wor
12、k confidently.他自信地告诉我他会成功。He told me confidently that he would pass the exam.Confident(adj.自信的,确信的)Confidence(n.信心)have confidence 有信心 gain confidence 获得信心 in confidence (悄悄的,秘密的)=secretlywith confidencewith confidence be confident of(doing)sth 对对 有信心有信心 be confident that have confidence in sth/sb h
13、ave confidence that我们对成功充满信心。我们对成功充满信心。We are confident of success.We are confident that we will succeed.We have confidence in success.We have confidence that we will succeed.彼得对赢得经理这个职位有信心。彼得对赢得经理这个职位有信心。Peter is confident of winning the post as the manager.我对你们每一个人都有信心。我对你们每一个人都有信心。I have confiden
14、ce in everyone of you.10.dreadful adj.可怕的，一团糟的（=frightful adj.糟糕的,讨厌的）dreadful（侧重于可怕的,乱七八糟的）-The room is dreadful.a frightful day fearful（表示胆怯的,恐惧的）-she felt fearful particularly when she went out at night.（adv.尤其）All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.10.in a mess乱作一团乱
15、作一团 秩序井然秩序井然 in good order 身体健康身体健康 in good health 心情好心情好 in a good mood 脾气好脾气好 in a good temper Marshas face lighted up when she saw her old friends.11.light (lighted lighted/lit lit）Tom 看到我给他买的新自行车时看到我给他买的新自行车时,容光焕发起来。容光焕发起来。Toms face lighted up when he saw the new bicycle that I had bought for hi
16、m.她一听到这条消息时就容光焕发起来。她一听到这条消息时就容光焕发起来。Her face lit up as soon as she heard the news.Hardly had her face lit up when she heard the news.On hearing the news,her face lit up.a lighted match 点燃的火柴点燃的火柴 import duty 进口税进口税 Customs Duty 关税关税 duty free 免税的免税的 Stamp Duty 印花税印花税（stamp n.邮邮票票,印花印花,图章图章,标志）标志）同义词
17、：同义词：tax n.税税,税款税款（国内）税,要求在政府统治下的人、团体或商店为支持政府而交纳的捐献物 income tax 所得税所得税additional tax 附加税 sales tax 购物税agricultural tax 农业税我每个月都从工资里缴税。I pay tax out of my salary every month.12.duty n.税税 He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.13.with delight 欣喜若狂地（with
18、和抽象名词搭配,表示内心充满了一种感情）-with confidence -with care -with pride -with delight -with dismay -with despair自信地自信地细心地细心地骄傲地骄傲地欣喜地欣喜地沮丧地沮丧地绝望地绝望地14.pounce on 向向.猛扑过去猛扑过去,对对.大做文章大做文章 警察向小偷猛扑过去。警察向小偷猛扑过去。-The policeman pounced on the thief.不要对我的错误大做文章。不要对我的错误大做文章。-Dont pounce on my mistake.15.exempt adj.被免除的被免
19、除的 (from)学校是无需缴税的学校是无需缴税的 School are exempt from all taxes.他的成绩如此好无需考试。他的成绩如此好无需考试。He is so good at study that he is exempt from examination.饮料不免进口税。饮料不免进口税。香水也不免进口税。香水也不免进口税。Drinks are not exempt from import duty.Perfume is not exempt from import duty either.should have done 本来应该本来应该 你本来应该早五分钟到的。Yo
20、u should have arrived here five minutes earlier.You should have told me about it.shouldnt have done 本不应该做某事本不应该做某事 As I expected,he did not believe me.16.As：关系代词（引导非限制性定语从句,它所指它所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义）众所周知,地球是圆的。-As we know,the earth is round.-As I mentioned 正如我所提及的 正如我很快得知的,他也是英国人。-As I
21、soon learned,he was English himself.关系代词as和which的区别：1.as引导的非限制性定语从句,可用在主句之前主句之前。which引导的非限制性定语从句,只能用在主句之后。主句之后。2.从句中是表知觉的词，如从句中是表知觉的词，如see,expect,say,know等，用等，用as 不用不用whichas has been said before as we know as is known to usas was expected as we expectedas we all can seeas can be seen如上所述如上所述众所周知众所周
22、知正如预料的那样正如预料的那样正如我们都会看正如我们都会看到的那样到的那样17.sth greet sb sb be greeted by sth问候问候 呈现在眼前、耳边呈现在眼前、耳边 “看到，听到，闻到看到，听到，闻到”我打开门，只看到乱成一团糟。我打开门，只看到乱成一团糟。I opened the door,and a dreadful mess greeted me.我们到达山顶时，看到大海美丽的景色。我们到达山顶时，看到大海美丽的景色。When we reached the top of the mountain,a beautiful view of the sea greete
23、d us.当我醒来时，耳边是鸟鸣声。当我醒来时，耳边是鸟鸣声。I woke up and was greeted by the birds song.我大老远来，却只看到他的冷漠。我大老远来，却只看到他的冷漠。I came such a long way to see him but was only greeted by his indifference.convince vt.说服，使信服说服，使信服 convince sb.of sth.convince sb.that 花了好几个小时才是约翰相信他的妻子有罪。花了好几个小时才是约翰相信他的妻子有罪。It took many hours
24、to convince John of his wifes guilt.很难说服我太太我们买不起一俩新车。很难说服我太太我们买不起一俩新车。Its difficult to convince my wife that we cant afford a new car.that his wife is guilty.直接引语变间接引语1 1、人称的转变、人称的转变 1 1）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称如：He said，“I am very sorry.”He said that he was very sorry.2 2）直接引语中的第二人称，
25、如果原话是针对转述）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称人说的，转换为第一人称如：“You should be more careful next time,”my father told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.3 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：She said to her son,“Ill check your homework tonight.”
26、She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.4 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，词性物主代词等，如：He asked me,“Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that aft
27、ernoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。体对待，要符合逻辑。2 2、时态的转换、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时
28、一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 3 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况须改变的情况 1 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：如：He always says,“I am tired out.”He always says that he is tired out.2 2）
29、当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：如：He will say,“Ill try my best to help you.”He will say that he will try his best to help me.3 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时如：如：He said,“I went to college in 1994.”He told us that he went to college in 1994.4 4）当直接引语中有以）当直接引语中有以when,whilewhen,while引导的从句
30、，表引导的从句，表示过去的时间时示过去的时间时，如：He said，“When I was a child,I usually played football after school.”He said that when he was a child,he usually played football after school.5 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Our teacher said to us,“Light travels faster than sound.”Our teacher told us that light trav
31、els faster than sound.6 6）当引语是谚语、格言时，）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：He said，“Practice makes perfect.”He said that practice makes perfect.7 7）当直接引语中有情态动词）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,should,would,could,had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used had better,would rather,might,must,ought to,used to,needto,need时时
32、如：She asked,“Must I take the medicine?”She asked if she had to take the medicine.注注：此处用：此处用had tohad to代替代替mustmust更好更好 8 8）此外转述）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，地转述，herehere不必改为不必改为there,there,动词动词comecome不必改为不必改为gogo，如果当天转述，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,this afternoonyesterday,tomo
33、rrow,this afternoon等均不必改变。等均不必改变。4 4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化示代词和动词变化 1 1）时间状语：）时间状语：直接引语直接引语 （间接引语）（间接引语）now now （thenthen）；）；today (that daytoday (that day）；）；tomorrow tomorrow （the next/following day the next/following day）next week next week （the next/following weekthe next/fo
34、llowing week）yesterday yesterday （the day beforethe day before）two days agotwo days ago（two days before two days before）this week/month/year(that week/month/year)this week/month/year(that week/month/year)2 2）指示代词：）指示代词：these these 变成变成thosethose 3 3）地点状语：）地点状语：herehere变成变成therethere She said,“I wont
35、 come here any more.”She said that she wouldnt go there any more.4 4）动词：）动词：comecome变成变成gogo，bringbring变成变成taketake5 5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化 1 1）陈述句。用连词）陈述句。用连词thatthat引导，引导，thatthat在口语中常省略在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,said,也可用也可用toldtold来代替，注意，可以说来代替，注意，可以说said that,said
36、 to sb.said that,said to sb.that,told sb.thatthat,told sb.that，不可直接说，不可直接说told that,told that,如：He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said,“Ill give you an examination next Monday.”He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（
37、不可说told that）2 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词间接引语用连词whetherwhether或或if if引导，原主句中谓语动引导，原主句中谓语动词词saidsaid要改为要改为askedasked（me/him/usme/him/us等），语序是陈述句等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。的语序，这一点非常重要。如：He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficul
38、ty with my pronunciation.3 3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetherorwhetheror表达，而不用表达，而不用iforifor，也不用，也不用eitheror.eitheror.如：He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.4 4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句
39、的谓语动词用askask（sb.sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：He asked，“Whats your name?”He asked（me）what my name was.5 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带toto的的不定式表达，谓语动词常是不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,ask,advise,tell,warn,order,requestorder,request等。如等。如ask sb.to doask sb.to do，（由肯定祈使句，（由肯定祈使句变成）变成）
40、ask sb.not to doask sb.not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：He said，“Be seated,please.”He asked us to be seated.6 6）有些含有）有些含有“建议建议”、“劝告劝告”的祈的祈使句，可用使句，可用suggest,insist,offersuggest,insist,offer等动词转述，等动词转述，如：He said,“Lets have a rest.”He su
41、ggested our having a rest 7 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用议意义时，可用ask sb.to do sth./suggest ask sb.to do sth./suggest doing/advise sb.to do sth.doing/advise sb.to do sth.等形式转述。等形式转述。如：“Would you mind opening the door?”he asked.He asked me to open the door.8 8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用whatwhat或或howhow引导，也可用引导，也可用thatthat引导引导，如：She said,“What a lovely day it is!”She said what a lovely day it was.或She said that it was a lovely day.
