1、Unit Nine Electric Vehicles andNatural Gas Vehicles Passage AElectric Vehicles Electric vehicles only use electricity to make the vehicles move in place of conventional fuels They are propelled by one or more electric motors powered by rechargeable battery packs They are designed to save fossil fuel
2、s such as gasoline and diesel,reduce harmful emissions and get an eco-driving Battery electric vehicle(BEV)BEV mainly uses a high-voltage electric motor to drive the car The electric motor gets its electric power from a high-voltage battery pack which is recharged by plugging into standard 220-volt
3、outlet BEV is divided into range-extended electric vehicle(RE-EV)and all-electric vehicle(EV).Range-extended electric vehicle(RE-EV)uses an engine as an on-board range extender to increase its all-electric range(AER).The engine and the generator form a fuel-electric generator set The engine is conne
4、cted directly to the generator and is used only when needed to generate electricity to automatically charge the battery Its generator delivers enough power to charge battery quickly and efficiently while driving(see Fig.9-1a).All-electric vehicle(EV)has no internal combustion engine(ICE)at all It us
5、es a large battery pack to store the electricity that powers the electric motor to move the car The battery must be recharged by plugging into a power source Some EVs have on-board chargers Others need to be plugged into an external charger(see Fig.9-1b).An EV is a zero-emission vehicle,and its elec
6、tric motor produces no tailpipe exhaust emissions.There are many pros and cons about electric vehicles The electric vehicle is known to have faster acceleration in silence but shorter distance range than conventional cars with engine They produce zero emission but require long charging time What is
7、the long-term solution?Fuel cell electric vehicle(FCEV)FCEV also called FCV(Fuel Cell Vehicle)is considered as the next generation electric vehicle Unlike a conventional car which runs on gasoline,FCEV combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity used to move the car without emission pollutan
8、ts and offers quiet cruising just like BEV In addition,its long driving range is comparable to conventional cars Unlike a BEV,FCEV is quickly refueled only for a couple of minutes at the filling station just like conventional cars as shown in Fig.9-2 But it is little affected by the weather A typica
9、l FCEV is equipped with the following main components as shown in Fig.9-3 below:Hydrogen tank:stores hydrogen gas compressed at extremely high pressure to increase driving range;Fuel cell stack:fuel cell(FC)is nothing more than a battery fueled by hydrogen,and fuel cell stack converts hydrogen gas a
10、nd oxygen into electricity to power the electric motor;Electric motor:propels the car much more quietly,smoothly,and efficiently than an internal combustion engine and requires less maintenance;Drive battery:is a high-output battery that stores electricity generated from regenerative braking and pro
11、vides additional electric power to the electric motor;Power control unit:controls the flow of electricity;Fuel cell boost converter:converts alternate current into direct current FCEV operates in the following manners:the hydrogen from the tank and oxygen from the air are pulled into the FC stack Wh
12、en they meet in the FC stack,electricity and water are created through a chemical reaction The electricity is sent to the electric motor to propel the car,and water vapor is emitted from tailpipe without emission pollutants(see Fig.9-4).New Words and Expressions rechargeable ritdbl adj 可再充电的 plug pl
13、g vt 插入;接插头 range-extended 增程 on-board nb:d adj 车载 extender ikstend n 延长器 zero-emission ziruimin n (废气)零排放 tailpipe teilpaip n 排气管,排气尾管 hydrogen haidrdn n 氢 oxygen ksidn n 氧气 affect fekt vt 影响 in place of代替 rechargeable battery pack可充电蓄电池组New Words and Expressions fossil fuel化石燃料 eco-driving环保驾驶,绿色驾
14、驶 all-electric range纯电动行驶里程 pros and cons正反两方面,有利有弊 in silence安静地 be comparable to比得上的;与可比较的 be nothing more than只不过是 alternate current交流电 direct current直流电Common Automobile Terms on-board range extender车载增程器 range-extended electric vehicle(RE-EV)增程式电动汽车 all-electric vehicle(EV)纯电动汽车 fuel cell electric vehicle(FCEV)燃料电池电动汽车 fuel cell stack燃料电池反应堆 fuel cell boost converter燃料电池转换器
