1、非谓语动词,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制。 非谓语动词既有动词性质（比如可以有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。 非谓语动词是中考考点之一，主要考查动词不定式和动词-ing形式。,动词不定式 动词不定式可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语等。 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略。其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。,e.g. To learn English well is difficult. 动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it代
2、替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：Its difficult to learn English well.,考点一：作主语。,形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为： Its + adj. + (of / for sb.) to do sth.或 Its +n. + (for sb.) to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 。 e.g. Its very nice of you to offer me a seat. Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy
3、street. It was great fun to have a picnic there.,1. Its necessary for us _ English well. (2018 湖南怀化) A. to learn B. learning C. learn 2. It often takes me two hours _ my homework in the evening. （2018 广西桂林） A. do B. doing C. to do,A,C,3. Could I go swimming with my friend, dad? No, its very dangerou
4、s for you kids _ swimming without adults. (2018 广西河池) A. go B. going C. to go D. went 4. Its very dangerous for us _ the mobile phone while crossing the street. (2018 湖南益阳) A. answering B. to answer C. answer,C,B,5. Nowadays, its convenient and cheap for us _ a shared-bicycle. (2017昆明) A. ride B. to
5、 ride C. flying D. to fly 6. Mario, your mobile phone is ringing. Wait a minute. Its dangerous for us _ it while crossing the street. (2017四川南充) A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. answered,B,B,考点二：作宾语。 只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree, afford, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, offer, prepare, pl
6、an, promise, refuse, want等。 注意：在find, think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式后置。 e.g. I find it hard to get along with him.,1. Tom, why have you decided _ Chinese folk music as a course? Because I like Chinese culture very much. （2018 广西百色） A. take B. taken C. to take D. taking 2. My two cousins de
7、cide _ a business together. (2018 甘肃武威) A. to start B. starting C. start D. started,C,A,3. Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided _ his own restaurant. (2018 上海中考) A. open B. opened C. to open D. opening 4. What are you going to do tonight? I plan _ Days of Our Past. （2018 四川德阳） A. watch B.
8、watching C. to watch D. watched,C,C,5. Vivian refuses _ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. (2017上海) A. to send B. sending C. sent D. sends 6. We only planned _ the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. (2017天津) A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. wat
9、ched,A,C,7. Do you have any plans for the coming vacation? Sure. We decide _ Sansha in July. (2017重庆A卷) A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. to visit 8. Jack, why have you decided _ Chinese folk music as a courses. To learn more about Chinese culture. (2017江苏苏州) A. take B. taken C. taking D. to take,D
10、,D,考点三：作宾语补足语。 1. 一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow, advise, ask, call, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, help, invite, need, order, prefer, remind, teach, tell, train, want, warn等。 提示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to 的动词不定式，也可以是不带to的动词不 定式。 e.g. Can you help the girl (to) move the chair?,2. 使役动词(如make, let等)及感官动
11、词(如see, feel, hear, watch, notice等)后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to。 注意在变为被动语态时要加上to。 e.g. I saw a young man enter the room. She was often heard to sing this song.,1. Listen! Who is singing in the next room? It must be Sally. I often hear her _ there. (2018 贵州铜仁) A. singing B. sings C. to sing D. sing,D,2. Evans
12、 had a sore throat. His friend advised him _ some hot water. (2018 辽宁盘锦) A. drinking B. to drink C. drink D. drank 3. Our parents wont allow us _ in the river alone. （2018 云南） A. swim B. to swim C. swimming D. swam,B,B,4. Every morning, Tim often sees groups of middle-aged women _ in the square. （20
13、18 甘肃兰州） A. dance B. to dance C. dincese D. danced 5. Our teacher often tells us _ in the river. Its dangerous. (2018 广西北部湾) A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming,A,B,6. My mother doesnt allow me _ outside too late on school nights. （2018 黑龙江绥化） A. to stay B. stay C. staying 7. The polic
14、eman warned the man _ after drinking. （2018 海南中考） A. not to drive B. to drive C. driving,A,A,8. Parents should always tell their kids _ with strangers. （2018 贵州黔南) A. not to talk B. not talking C. to not talk D. not talk 9. Would you like to go swimming with me, Tom? Sorry, but our teachers always t
15、ell us _ in the river. (2018 湖北咸宁) A. dont swim B. not swimming C. not to swim D. to not swim,A,C,10. They asked their son _ the bed last weekend. (2018 湖南岳阳) A. to make B. making C. made 11. It was raining. My father asked me _ raincoat. (2018 重庆A) A. take B. takes C. took D. to take 12. Harry invi
16、ted me _ with him when his parents were out of town. (2018 天津) A. stay B. stayed C. staying D. to stay,A,D,D,13. To keep children away from danger, we warn parents _ children at home alone. (2017湖北孝感) A. leave B. to leave C. not leave D. not to leave,D,考点四：作定语。 动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系
17、。 e.g. I havent had the chance to think yet. （作名词的定语） 提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。 e.g. Tina has no paper to write on.,Id love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework _. If you dont go, _. (2018 四川达州) A. to do; so do I B. to do; nor will I C. doing; so will I D. do; neither
18、am I,B,考点五：作状语。 动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结 果等。 e.g. They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house. (表示原因) To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. (表示目的) The boy is old enough to take care of himself. (表示结果),1. He often takes time _ summer holiday with his grandparents. （2018 新疆阜康米泉） A.
19、 to spend B. spend C. spent D. spending 2. Jim went to the library _ some science magazines yesterday. (2018 广西梧州) A. borrow B. borrows C. to borrow D. borrowed,A,C,3. Chinese parents always try their best _ a good education environment for their kids. （2018 贵州贵阳） A. provide B. to provide C. providi
20、ng 4. I go to my grandparents home _ with their housework every Sunday. (2018 吉林长春) A. help B. helped C. to help D. helping,B,C,5. We set up this group _ disabled people like Ben Smith. (2018 黑龙江齐齐哈尔) A. help B. to help C. helping 6. You should do what you can _ your English, Li Ming. OK, I will. Th
21、ank you, Ms. Hu. （2018 贵州安顺） A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved,B,B,7. In order _ for the competition, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. (2018 甘肃天水) A. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late 8. I got up early this morning _ my grandma at the
22、airport. (2018四川成都中考) A. to pick up B. picking up C. picked up,A,A,9. Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _ sure we dont break anything. (2017河南) A. make B. made C. to make D. making,C,考点六 1. had better，would rather，Why not .?，Will / Would you please .?, prefer
23、to do rather than do等后面接不带to的动词不定式。 e.g. To catch the early bus, youd better get up early tomorrow morning. 2. 动词不定式可以和疑问词what，which， how，where，when等连用，构成动词不定 式的特殊结构。 e.g. Can you tell me where to buy a map?,1. Excuse me. Do you know _? Sorry, I dont know, either. (2018 河南中考) A. how to check out a b
24、ook B. when will the concert begin C. that there is a bank near here D. how long the meeting would last,A,2. Nowadays, most people prefer to _ computer games rather than _ books. （2018 黑龙江绥化） A. play; reading B. play; read C. playing; reading,B,3. Mr Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided _
25、 first? Yes. The Little Prince. (2018 江苏扬州) A. how to read B. which to read C. when to read D. where to read,B,4. Lets _ to the movies! Im sorry. I must _ my homework first. (2018 新疆) A. going; do B. go; doing C. go; do D. going; doing,C,5. You look worried. Youd better _ your problem with others. O
26、h, yes. _ a problem is like cutting it in half. (2018 甘肃天水) A. share, Sharing B. sharing, To share C. to share, To share D. share, Shared,A,6. The weather report says its going to have a shower this afternoon. It does? Wed better _ now, just in case. (2018 湖南长沙) A. to leave B. leaving C. leave,C,动词-
27、ing形式 动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成，其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。 动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。,考点一：作主语。 动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。 e.g. Playing / To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.,You look worried. Youd better _ your problem with others. Oh, yes. _ a problem is like cutting it in half.
28、 (2018 甘肃天水) A. share, Sharing B. sharing, To share C. to share, To share D. share, Shared,A,考点二：作宾语。 1. 在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的词语有dislike, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest, give up, put off, keep on, be busy, have fun, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be
29、 used to, look forward to, feel like, thanks for等。,2. 有些及物动词（如like，love，hate， begin，start等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别。如： e.g. Do you like reading / to read?,3. 有些及物动词（如remember，forget，stop，try等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。,1. Do you still remember _ this group of friends in 2013
30、? Yes. But I forget where I _ them. （2018 新疆阜康米泉） A. seeing；meet B. to see；met C. seeing；met D. seeing；meeting,C,2. Bobs father cant stand _ soap operas. He enjoys sports games on TV. （2018 甘肃兰州） A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched,C,3. This afternoon were going to have an English class, rem
31、ember _ your book. (2018 青海) A. to finish B. to bring C. bringing 4. Would you mind _ down the music? Its too noisy. （2018 黑龙江绥化） A. to turn B. turning C. turn,B,B,5. Please stop _ and go out for a walk. Remember _ warm clothes. （2018 贵州黔南) A. to study; wearing B. studying; to wear C. to study; to w
32、ear D. studying; wearing 6. Sam, dont forget _ the book to the library tomorrow. OK, I wont. （2018 广西贵港中考) A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return,B,D,7. Can you come to my birthday party tonight? Yes, Id love to. But I have to finish _ my English homework first. (2018 湖南湘西) A. doing B. to d
33、o C. does 8. Sue practises _ the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. （2018上海中考) A. play B. played C. to play D. playing,A,D,9. The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. Youd better avoid _ in the center of the city. (2018 湖北襄阳) A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. driven 10. Some pe
34、ople enjoy _ out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea. (2018南京) A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent,B,C,11. We all look forward to _ you again soon. (2018 四川宜宾) A. see B. seeing C. seen 12. You can only keep the books for two weeks, Tom. Remember _ them on time. I will. (2018 湖南郴州
35、) A. return B. returning C. to return,B,C,13. Remember _ some fruit when you come back. (2018 湖南邵阳) A. buying B. to buy C. buy,B,14. Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world. Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid _ products made in China. (2017湖北黄冈) A. to buy B. buying C. boug
36、ht D. buy,B,考点三：宾语补足语 一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，作宾语补足语的有区别。 感官动词(如see，watch，notice，hear，feel等) 后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示动作正在进行。,1. China has seen a trend (潮流) of _ shared bikes since last year. (2017江苏盐城) A. ride B. riding C. take D. taking 2. My favorite TV program is “
37、Readers”. I think we should spend as much time as we can _ in our spare time. (2016海南) A. read B. to read C. reading,B,C,3. The show was so funny that it made everyone _ again and again. (2016山东济宁) A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh,C,考点四：作定语。 e.g. The man standing there is my friend,Look! There are some birds _ in the sky. They are very beautiful. (2015四川宜宾) A. to fly B. fly C. flying D. flown,C,
