1、激发碳提高磷利用的原理与磷肥减施增效激发碳提高磷利用的原理与磷肥减施增效报告提纲一、激发碳和激发碳技术二、激发碳实现磷肥减施增效的技术原理三、激发碳技术的实施途径与效果激发碳技术的实施途径与效果激发碳激发碳(Priming C)激发碳：激发碳：能刺激、调节解磷微生物活性的有机碳源，包括根系和菌根真菌分泌物以及食品加工的废液、作物秸秆、动物粪便等有机肥等废弃物资源。报告提纲一、激发碳技术定义二、激发碳实现磷肥减施增效的技术原理三、激发碳技术的实施途径与效果Microbial mediation of P mobilization from non-liable to liable formsCa
2、-PAl-PFe-POccluded-PPhytateNucleic acidPhospholipidMicrobial biomass P poolCa_P Ca2+H2PO4-Al-P Al3+H2PO4-Fe-P Fe3+H2PO4-Fe-P Fe2+H2PO4-H+,carboxylatesphosphatasesolubilizationhydrolizationmonoester diester phytatePlant available P poolGluconic acidCitric acidreductaseALPaseACPasePhytaseSoil P poolMy
3、corrhizosphereHyphosphere H+,PasePPi,Po mobilizationHPO42-H2PO4-CPhotosynthesisH+OAAPaseCCMicroorganism CO215-60%(Marschner,2012)PPi,Po mobilizationHPO42-H2PO4-PMBP(Richardson et al.,2011)(Wang et al.,2013;Zhang et al.,2014)(Richardson and Simpson,2011)Prime4-20%Carbonhydrates(Pearson&Jakobson,1993)
4、Attachment,growth,community composition(Toljander et al.,2006,2007;Scheublin et al.,2010)C(Staddon et al.,2003;Fitter et al.,2004;Godbold et al.,2006)Interactions被土壤固定了的磷肥再活化利用的过程必须通过生物间互作实现：根际生物互作根系驱动 菌丝际生物互作菌根驱动The principle of C/P regulating MBP in soils:rducing C/P by starter P or increasing C/P
5、 by C inputLegacy P mobilization or microbial immobilizationmobilizationimmobilizationP limitC limitP fluxSoil C:P ratioZhang et al.2018 Frontier in MicrobiologyCase 1:Long-term effects of organic C input on microbial biomass P pool built up in China.R=MBP:2.49MBC:1.60MBN:1.46Xe(MBP,MBC and MBN in t
6、he organic C applied treatment)Xc(MBP,MBC and MBN in the control treatment)Input organic C has positive effects on MBP0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 效应值效应值R单施有机肥单施有机肥MBP(33)MBC(37)MBN(10)Effect value RMeta-analysis:Web of Science,CNKIThe relationship between SOC vs MBPWhen SOC increase 1 unit,MBP i
7、ncrease 0.64 unit.When SOC increase 1 unit,MBP increase 0.74 unit.pH7pH7段一盛 2016Case 2:rhizosphere interaction Reducing C/P in rhizosphere by starter P improve microbial mediated utilization efficiency of soil phosphorusZhang et al.2014 SBB;2014 J Plant Inter;Zhang et al.2014 Soil Bio.Biochem*13Mani
8、pulation of Microbial P mobilization and immobilizationMicrobial P mobilization increased with increasing C:P ratio；Microbial P immobilization is determined by both liable P and C levels;Releasing of Microbial Immobilized P can be achieved by adjusting C:P ratioAcid Phosphatase(g g-1min-1)0510152025
9、C0 C1 C2 C3 C0 C1 C2 C3 C0 C1 C2 C3P0 P1 P2 fghcdbaghefgcdechfghdefcGlucose and Pi applicationGlucose and Pi applicationMicrobial P mobilization index Microbial P immobilizationPeng Yi,Wang Xiao et al.unpl Case 3:Hyphosphere interaction(a)(e)(d)(b)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(b)(a)(c)13CO2 pulse labelingAssimila
10、tion of 13C labeled plant photosynthates by AMF associated PSB:Evidences from 13C-DNA-SIP5Priming effect of mycorrhizal hyphae exudate on P mobilization in hyphospherePseudomonas alcaligenesSoil Pi applied amount(mg kg-1)Shoot P content(mg pot-1)0246810120 5aabbabc c*ControlRARIRI/RAP uptakeSoil Pi
11、applied amount(mg kg-1)Phytate-P content(mg P kg-1 soil)02468abccabbc0 5*(b)Soil phytate-PSoil Pi applied amount(mg kg-1)Microbial biomass phosphorus content(mg kg-1)012345670 5abccabcc*ControlRARIRI/RASoil Pi applied amount(mg kg-1)Microbial biomass phosphorus content(mg kg-1)012345670 5abccabcc*Co
12、ntrolRARIRI/RASoil microbial P*AM fungal exudates play a role in priming the PSB mediated phytate-P mineralization and turnover in hyphosphere Higher C:PLower C:PHigher C:PLower C:PHigher C:PLower C:PZhang et al.2014 Soil Biol.Biochem.;New Phytol 2016Hypothesis:sugars released by AMF hyphae are not
13、only nutrients for bacterium,but also signal molecules to trigger P mineralization by the bacterium.Phosphatase genemRNAPhosphatase proteinII,IV PSSPhosphatase in the soilSugars in hyphal exudatesSTSugarsST:Sugar transporterII,IV PSS:Type II and IV protein secretory systemBacterial cell18Zhang et al
14、.,2018,The ISME JournalFructose plays roles as both carbon source and signal molecule triggering bacteria-mediated soil P mobilization.AMF hyphae recruits PSB community and provides a function that was absent in the hyphaeALP producing bacterial communitiesZhang et al.,2018,Environmental Microbiolog
15、yAMF-PSB enhance soil mobilization in the field报告提纲一、激发碳技术定义二、激发碳实现磷肥减施增效的技术原理三、激发碳技术的实施途径与效果Priming the microbial mediated soil P mobilization by application of soluble C in fertigation system Peng et al.unpublishedCK，no P fertilizer；P，MAP；C，no P fertilizer+CCQ，no P fertilizer+CQ1 kg C equally to 1
16、0 kg/ha P2O5 P fertilizer!相对碱性磷酸酶活性(%)406080100120bccabaCCQCKPRelative yield of cotton lint(%)Relative respiration rate(%)Relative ALP activity(%)水稻季施肥处理水稻季施肥处理磷肥投入磷肥投入作物带走作物带走磷表观平衡磷表观平衡磷肥利用率（磷肥利用率（%）不还田不还田/不施肥不施肥0 02.462.46-2.46-2.46-不还田不还田+化肥化肥4.004.002.672.671.331.335.3%5.3%农户传统（农户传统（还田还田x1x1）1.1
17、41.142.692.69-1.55-1.5518.9%18.9%还田还田x1x11.141.142.682.68-1.54-1.5419.3%19.3%还田还田x1+x1+化肥化肥1.141.142.722.721.281.286.5%6.5%还田还田x2x22.282.282.782.780.50.514.1%14.1%还田还田x2+x2+化肥化肥4.004.002.712.711.291.296.3%6.3%还田还田x3x33.423.422.722.720.70.77.6%7.6%还田还田x3+x3+化肥化肥4.004.002.732.731.271.276.8%6.8%水稻季菜叶还田
18、（水稻季菜叶还田（2000kg/亩，亩，1x还田）养分含量：还田）养分含量：N:4.64;P2O5:1.14;K2O:2.18（kg/亩）亩），C/P 为为27:1长江流域水稻推荐施肥长江流域水稻推荐施肥：N:10;P2O5:4;K2O:5（kg/亩）亩）陵地区榨菜叶还田提高水稻磷肥率14个百分点幻灯来源：西南大学 张勇副教授“激发碳”可补偿P2O5 32 kg/ha有机肥替代磷肥和减磷2036%不影响水稻产量，但磷肥利用率显著提高幻灯来源：南京农大 郭世伟教授Take home message C/P driven force:Cooperation between plant-AMF-PS
19、B is regulated by C:P ratio in rhizosphere and hyphosphere.Signal beyond nutrition:Fructose exuded by AMF not only is a carbon source,but also plays a role as a signal molecule triggering bacteria-mediated organic phosphorus mineralization processes.Small causes with a big effect:Manipulating soil C:P ratio in root zone in field by starter fertilizer or“priming C”is a potential approach to improve fertilizer and legacy P utilization in crop production.25Soil fixation(I)
