1、上海牛津版八年级下册同步讲义Unit 1 Trees 单词听写 英文词性中文 destroy v. 破坏，毁坏destruction n. 毁灭，毁坏英文词性 中文 fighter n. 战士fight v./n. 战斗，打架product n. 农产品production n. 产品producer n. 制片人，制作者produce v. 生产noise n. 喧闹声，嘈杂声，噪音noisy adj. 吵闹的，喧闹的，嘈杂的noisily adv. 吵闹地fact n. 事实factor n. 因素breathe v. 呼吸breath n. 呼吸interested adj. 感到有兴趣
2、的interesting adj. 令人产生兴趣的interest n. 兴趣，爱好scientist n. 科学家science n. 科学scientific adj. 科学的pure adj. 纯净的purely adv. 纯净地warn v. 警告warning n. 警告，告诫nature n. 自然natural adj. 自然地unnatural adj. 不自然的naturally adv. 自然地chemical adj. 化学的chemicals n. 化学物质（复）chemistry n. 化学（学科）chemist n. 化学家burn v./n. 燃烧/烧伤burni
3、ng adj. 燃烧着的replace v. 放回原处，更换，替换replacement n. 更换，替换的人或物live v. /adj .居住，现场的living adj. 活着的alive adj. 活的lively adj. 活泼的harm n. 害处harmful adj. 有害的harmless adj. 无害的harmlessly adv. 无害地exchange v. /n. 交流，交换change v./n. 改变，替换hardly adv. 几乎不hard adv./ adj. 努力地/艰难的，坚硬的communicate v. 交流，沟通communication n.
4、交流，沟通thank v. 感谢thankful adj. 感谢的，感激的main adj. 主要的mainly adv. 主要地contain v. 容纳container n. 容器announce v. 公告，宣布announcer n. 发言人announcement n. 声明，公告enjoy v. 享受enjoyment n. 享受，快乐enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的windsurf v. 冲浪windsurfing n. 冲浪运动leader n. 领导者lead v. 领导in the end 最后（可用于将来时）at the end of 在末（时间、空间）by t
5、he end of 到为止（时间）on the end of在末端上join v. 参加（组织或个人/人群）take part in 参加（活动）join in参加（活动）一、词汇Words1. interest n. 兴趣 v. 使好奇 - interested adj. 感兴趣的 - interesting adj. 有意思的， 引人入胜的 sb. be interested in (doing) sth. 某人对（做）某事感兴趣练一练 (1) Now hes grown up he no longer takes any _ interest _ in his stamp collect
6、ion. (2) Are you _ interest _ in history?2. living adj. 活着的（做定语） n. (U)生活方式 alive adj.活着的（做表语） live adj. 有生命的，现场直播 v. 生存，活着 lively adj. 有生气的，活泼的积累 e.g. living things 活的生物， make a living 谋生， a live broadcast 现场直播， live in England 住在英国lively imagination 生动的想象力， have a lively time 有一段够刺激的经历3. harm n.&
7、v. 伤害，损害 - harmful adj. 有害的 -harmless adj. 无害的harmfully adv.有害地- harmlessly adv.无害地练一练 e.g. (1) Pollution causes _ harm _ to lakes and beaches. (2) Gossip can _ harm _ other people. (3) Smoking is_ harm _ to your health. 4. chemical n. 化学物品 - chemist n. 化学家 - Chemistry n. 化学练一练 (1) _ Chemistry _ cha
8、nge 化学变化 (2) _ Chemistry _ lab 化学实验室(3) The farmers used a _ chemical _ to kill the insects in their fields.5. danger n.-safety (opp.) dangerous adj.-safe (opp.)dangerously adv.-safely (opp.)练一练(1) In war a soldiers life is full of _ danger _.(danger/ dangerous/ dangerously) (2) The river is dangero
9、us _ for bathers. (danger/ dangerous/ dangerously) (3) Are these toys _safe _ for small children? (safety/ safe/ safely) (4) _ Safety _ First. (safety/ safe/ safely)6. make (1) make=create 制造，生产e.g. Theyve made a film about her life. 他们拍了一部有关她的生活的电影。(2) make a promise/remark/mistake/decision(3) make
10、 sb./sth. + adj(happy, sad, difficult) e.g. You are making things difficult for yourself. 你正在自找麻烦。(4) make sb. do sth. (5) be made of 由制成（看得出原材料） be made from 由制成（看不出原材料） be made in 由地方制造 be made up of 由组成练一练The cake _ is made from _flour and egg. The TV set _ is made in _ Japan. Our group _ is made
11、 up of _12 people.7. else adj. / adv. (1)与不定代词连用 e.g. Have you anything else to do? Ask somebody else to help you. (2)与疑问代词连用 e.g. Who else was there? How else would you do it?8. as well ase.g. (1) Mrs. Zhang, as well as her husband and daughter ,is going to Hong Kong.张太太和她的丈夫女儿也去香港。 (2) She is clev
12、er as well as beautiful.她不仅漂亮而且聪明。区分：as well as/ not only but also(1) The teacher, as well as the students, wishes for a holiday.(重点在前者)(2) Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. (重点在后者)9. hardly adv. 几乎不- hard adj. 坚固的， 困难的 adv. 努力地，剧烈地近义词 almost not10. suppose vt. 猜想 I su
13、ppose you felt tired after running the marathon. Suppose you had a million dollars. What would you do?11. destroy v.破坏，毁坏-destruction n.毁灭，毁坏 比较 damage 与destroy damage 指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复 destroy 指彻底毁坏以至于不能或很难修复练一练 The heavy rain _ damaged _ many houses. That town _ destroyed_ in an eart
14、hquake.12. product n.农产品 - production n.产品（工业方面）- producer n.制片人，制作者 - produce v.生产13. fact n.事实 -factor n.因素 in fact 事实上；实际上e.g. I said it was Tuesday, but in fact it was Monday. 14. pure adj.纯净的 -purely adv.纯净地, 完全地15. nature n.自然 -natural adj.自然的- unnatural adj.不自然的 -naturally adv.自然地16. burn v.烧
15、毁，烧死 -burning adj.（只用于名词前）燃烧着的，雄心勃勃的，迫在眉睫的 （1）表示燃烧，点燃；发光 e.g. We burn coal to keep warm. He always keeps the light burning all night long. (2) 表示烧伤，烧焦, 烫伤 e.g. Be careful not to burn your mouth. The child got burnt while playing with fire.17. exchange v./n.交流，交换 -change v./n.改变，替换 exchange A for B 用
16、A来交换Be.g. May I exchange my toy car for this book?18. breathe v.呼吸 -breath n.呼吸 breathe in 吸入 breathe out 呼出练一练1. The air was so cold that we could hardly _ breathe _.2. Most people dont realize that they are _ breathing in _ polluted air.3. His illness is the result of _ breathing in _ harmful gase
17、s over many years.19. scientist n.科学家 - science n. 科学 -scientific adj.科学的20. warn v.警告 -warning n.警告，告诫练一练 I _ warned_ him not to go too close to the fireplace. There is a _ warning _ on every packet of cigarettes. (1) warn sb of / about sth. 警告某人某事I warned you of the danger, didnt I ? (2) warn sb.
18、(not) to do sth. 警告某人（不）要做某事Doctors warned people not to smoke.（3）warn sb. against sth./ doing sth. 警告某人不要做某事 They warned him against swimming in the river.（4）warn sb. that 警告某人某事 The weather station warned that a storm was coming.21. replace v.放回原处，更换，替换 - replacement n.更换，接替的人或物 近义词 take the place
19、 of 代替，取代22. communicate v.交流，沟通 - communication n.交流，沟通e.g. Young people like to communicate by e-mail and telephone.23. release v. 释放；放出 = let out/ give off 反义词 absorb v. 吸收 take in 吸收e.g. I released the horse and it ran away. Four prisoners were released.二、重要句型Important Sentences structures1. 搜集有
20、关污染的课题资料collect some facts for a project on pollution2. 在的末端on the end of3. 活着的生命living things4. 使它们尝起来很难吃make them taste nasty5. 破坏我们最好的环境卫士destroy our best fighters against pollution6. 将连在一起jointogether7. 完整一年a whole year8. 天然空调natural air conditioners9. 提醒它的邻居warn its neighbors10. 喜欢呼吸纯净、清爽的空气enj
21、oy breathing pure cool air 11. in the end最后（可用于将来时）at the end of 在末（可指时间或空间）by the end of（到为止）（用于时间）on the end of在的末端上.Choose one of the words in the bracket to suit the sentence.1. Would you like me to buy a ticket for your brother _? (as well, as well as)2. The shirt is too small for me. Please sh
22、ow me _ one. (another, the other)3. There will be a _ football match on TV tonight. (live, living)4. If you have _(any, some) question, you can ask me.5. Its very convenient for us to _(communicate, communication) with each other in Network.6. Trees make streets _(more, less) noisy.【答案】as well;anoth
23、er;live;some;communicate;more. Choose the phrases in the box and fill in the blanks in their proper forms.cut down, be in danger, be interested in, living thing, be harmful to, become healthy1. There are no _ on the moon without air or water.2. Having less meat and more sports can make us _ than bef
24、ore.3. Too much alcohol _ your health.4. Edison _ science and was one of the greatest inventors in the world.5. Our traveling expenses must_.6. The boy was saved but the soldier_.【答案】more;become healthy;is harmful to;is interested in;cut down;was in danger. Choose the best answer.( )1. Who _ wants t
25、o speak at the meeting? A. else B. other C. others D. any other【答案】A【解析】who else其他人用三单( )2. John will go to Beijing _ next week. A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times【答案】B【解析】sometime某个时候用一般将来时或者一般过去时( )3. Judy _ a tree-planting campaign( 运动) last week. A. joined B. take part in C. too
26、k part in D. join 【答案】B【解析】last week一般过去时标志词，参加活动用take part in( )4. They were warned _ the mountain in such bad weather. A. to climb B. not to climb C. climbing D. not climbing【答案】B【解析】warn（not）to do 警告去（不去）做某事( )5. The room is _ small _ hold so many people. A. sothat B. too to C. very to D. enough
27、to【答案】B【解析】too +adj+to do sth太.以至于不能.( )6. Now hes grown up he no longer takes any _ in his stamp collection.A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. interestingly【答案】C【解析】take interest in=be interested in 固定搭配，对.感兴趣( ) 7.The boss wanted to hire _ workers to do _ work. A. few more B. more few C.
28、most less D. fewer more【答案】D【解析】hire雇佣更少的人去做更多的工作( )8. Her mother asked her where _ holidays. A. did you spend B. you spent your C. she spent her D. did she spend 【答案】C【解析】根据句意，她的妈妈问她要在哪里度假( ) 9. Which sentence is right?_A. What makes you to think so? B.What make you to think so?C. What makes you th
29、ink so? D.What make you think so?【答案】C【解析】make sb do sth；what 做主语做单数( )10. Qin Shi Huang thought the walls could _ invaders from coming into the country. A. fight B. against C. stop D. beat【答案】C【解析】stop .from.阻止.( ) 11. Our group thinks that the most important way to fight pollution is _. A. stop cu
30、tting down the forest B. to stop cutting down the forests C. to stop to cut down the forests D. stop to cut down the forests【答案】B【解析】to do sth 表示目的，stop doing停止做某事符合题意( ) 12. The number of employees was _ from 500 to 300. A. produced B. reduced C. interested D. provided 【答案】B【解析】从500到300；可知是被减少. Fil
31、l in the blanks with the given verbs in the box in their proper forms.build, happen, not need, rain, talk, finish1. Look at the black clouds. It _.2. You _ to come along to see me tomorrow.3. When I got home yesterday, my mother _ to my aunt on the phone.4. The bank robbery _ last Monday.5. Its six
32、o clock now. Jack _ his homework.6. More and more green lands _ in our city soon.【答案】will rain;dont need;was talking;happened;was finishing;were built 阅读提高Many scientists think that the earth is getting warmer and warmer. If the change continues, the natural world and human society will face danger.
33、 Scientists believe human activity is responsible for the climate change. We produce too many greenhouse gases. They keep heat in the air and make the earth warm.Many of the worlds governments agree. And they want to solve the problem. So from December 7 to 18, 2009, they held a conference in Copenh
34、agen, Denmark to talk about global warming and climate change. Representatives( 代表) from 192 countries and regions went to the meeting. Although they have not reached an agreement, the Copenhagen Accord(哥本哈根协议)was an important beginning to save the earth. It was made by a small group of countries in
35、cluding China, the US, India, Brazil and South Africa. Some other countries at the conference also showed support.What are the key points of the Copenhagen Accord? The accord limits global temperature increases to 20C by 2050 compared to pre-1850. Scientists think it could help the world to avoid se
36、rious climate change. The accord also says that developed countries must promise to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放)to the UN by January 31, 2010. The accord asks developed countries to give money to help developing countries.Many countries and organizations are disappointed that the conference didn
37、t reach a legal document(法律约定). And they think the accord is not clear enough about its goals. African leaders are worried that the goal of a 20C global temperature increase isnt good enough, because it will mean a much higher increase in temperature across Africa. This could cause big problems like
38、 food and water shortages across the continent.Still, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon believes the conference was an “improvement”.“Finally we reached a deal,” Ban said. The accord may not be everything every one had hoped for, but thisis an important beginning.”78. What do scientists believe is re
39、sponsible for the climate change?A.Human activity B.Animals growingC.Plants growing D.Too many people79. The Copenhagen Conference was held _.A.from November 7 to 18, 2009 B.from December 18 to January 31, 2010C.from December 7 to 18, 2010 D.from December 7 to 18, 200980. _ countries and regions too
40、k part in the Copenhagen meeting.A.18 B.20 C.192 D.20581. What did members of the Copenhagen Meeting NOT talk about?A.Economic recovery(经济复苏) B.Global warming C.Climate change D.Cutting greenhouse gas emissions82. Whats the attitude（态度）of African leaders towards the goal of a 20C global temperature increase?A. They are happy about itB.They dont care much about it C.They are worried about itD.They s
