1、祈使句祈使句一、祈使句的分类一、祈使句的分类*祈使句表请求、命令、祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。#祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类三人称祈使句两大类。1 1第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语这种祈使句的主语youyou通常不表示出来，而是以动词通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如：原形开头。如：Stand up!Dont worry about!但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，
2、以便指主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如：明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如：Parents with children go the front!带孩子的家长到前面去带孩子的家长到前面去!Mary clean the windows!玛丽擦玛丽擦窗户窗户!Come in，everybody!每个人都进每个人都进来来!有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示示“不高兴不高兴”、“厌烦厌烦”、“鄙视鄙视”等情等情绪。如：绪。如：Dont you be late again!你可别再迟到你可别再迟到了了!You get out of here
3、!你给我滚出去你给我滚出去!Mind your own business，you!你少管闲你少管闲事事!2第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如为引导词表建议。如 Lets go!Let us go home!Let him be here by 10 oclock 祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help!Quickly!Hands up!二
4、、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式 祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加dodo。如：如：Do be careful!Do be careful!Do Stop talking!Do Stop talking!Do give my regards to your parents!Do give my regards to your parents!务务必一定代我向你父母问好必一定代我向你父母问好!祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加dont或或never。如：。如：Dont you be nervous!你
5、不要紧张你不要紧张!以以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Lets或或Let usme后加后加not。如：。如：Lets not waste our time arguing about it!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!Lets not say anything about it!这事咱们谁这事咱们谁也别说也别说!但英式英语也用这样的表达：但英式英语也用这样的表达：Dont lets say anything about it.三、祈使句的反意疑问句三、祈使句的反意疑问句 1祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要祈使句的反意疑问部分为
6、肯定形式，要用用shall，will。如：。如：Pass me the book，will you?2Lets表示第一人称的祈使句，反表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：。如：Lets go for a walk，shall we?Lets forget it，shall we?3Let me和和Let us 表示第二人称的表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。如：如：Let us go for a walk，will you?4 4其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否
7、定还是肯定的祈使句，多用否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”will you?”，表一，表一种客气的语气。如：种客气的语气。如：Listen to me，will you?Dont tell anyone about it，will you?但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“wont you?”wont you?”表表“提醒对方注意提醒对方注意”或表或表“邀请邀请”。如：。如：Have a cup of coffee，wont you?Come in and take a seat，wont youwill you?四、祈使句用于两个重要句型中四、祈使句用于两个
8、重要句型中 1 1“祈使句祈使句+and+and+表结果的陈述句表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯用来叙述肯定的条件。定的条件。2 2“祈使句祈使句+or(else)+or(else)+表结果的陈述句表结果的陈述句”用来叙用来叙述否定的条件，述否定的条件，or(else)or(else)表示表示“否则；要不然否则；要不然”。试比较：试比较：Hurry up and youll catch the train.(Hurry up and youll catch the train.(If you hurry upIf you hurry up，youll catch the trainyoull cat
9、ch the train)Hurry upHurry up，or youll miss the trainor youll miss the train(If If you dont hurry upyou dont hurry up，youll miss the youll miss the traintrain)五、祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语五、祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语 当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为构为“askaskrequestrequesttelltellorder sb(not)to order sb(not)to d
10、o sth”do sth”。如：。如：“Speak loudlySpeak loudly，please!”the teacher said please!”the teacher said to meto me(The teacher asked me to speak The teacher asked me to speak loudlyloudly)“Dont smoke in the meeting room!”he“Dont smoke in the meeting room!”he said to Tomsaid to Tom(He told Tom not to smoke He
11、 told Tom not to smoke in the meeting roomin the meeting room)祈使句练习 1.Please _,theyre having a meeting A.not be so noisyB.Be quite C.mustnt talk D.no speaking2._ to meet me at the station.Ill be waiting there.(A.Not to forgetB.Not forgetC.Forget notD.Dont forget 3.Its a fine day.Lets go fishing,_?A.
12、wont weB.will youC.dont weD.shall we 4.Dont smoke in the meeting-room,_?A.do youB.will youC.can youD.could you 5.Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-Yes,I_.A.dontB.wontC.cantD.havent 6._ down the radio.The babys asleep in the next room.A.TurningB.To turnC.TurnedD.Turn7.Lucy,_ the door
13、 or someonell come in.(1996河南)A.closeB.closesC.not closeD.is closing8._ and play football in the street after lunch.(哈尔滨)A.Lets not to goB.Lets not goC.Lets dont go D.Not lets go9.A sign with the words“_”is often found in a bus.(安徽)A.Not parkingB.Not smokingC.No parkingD.No smoking10._ Chinese in yo
14、u English class.(2000西安)A.Not speakB.Dont speakC.Speak notD.Dont speaking II.将下列句子变成祈使句：1.Would you like to wait a moment?_ _ a moment.2.Can I use your bike?Please _ _ your bike.3.Youd better not smoke here._ _ here.4.You must be careful with your handwriting._ _ with your handwriting.5.Will you please not play with my pencil?_ _ with my pencil,_.
