1、怎么考 在语境中考查各种时态与语态形式。怎么学 在平时的阅读、写作训练中，认真体会动词的各种时态、语态形式，不拘泥于语法。怎么解 1.通过“时态定义”解题；2.通过“固定结构”解题；3.通过“语境暗示”解题。.体验考向 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.(2015江苏卷)The real reason why prices _(be)，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.2.(2015湖南卷)As you go through this b
2、ook，you _(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.3.(2015北京卷)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I _(call)him later.4.(2015浙江卷)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he _(go)be a famous scientist
3、 whose theories would change the world.5.(2015重庆卷)Is Peter coming?No，he _(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.6.(2015陕西卷)At college，Barack Obama didnt know that he _(become)the first black president of the United States of America.7.(2015四川卷)More expressways_(build)in Sichuan soon
4、to promote the local economy.答案1.were句意：价格过去和现在仍然过高的原因是复杂的，没有简短的讨论可以令人满意地解释这个问题。根据and still are可以推断出空白处是对过去时态的考查。2.will find句意：在你浏览这本书时，你会发现经历二战的数百万人的经历各不相同。as引导时间状语从句，意思是“当的时候”，在从句中使用的是一般现在时，所以主句使用一般将来时，即所谓“主将从现”，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时。3.will call句意：Dr.Jackson现在不在他的办公室里。好的，过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一
5、般将来时。4.was going to句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年。小时候，几乎没有人想到他会成为一个其理论将会改变世界的科学家。根据语境可知，此处要用过去将来时。5.changed句意：彼特要来吗？不，当接到一个电话后，他最后时刻改变了主意。句中的after a phone call at the last minute 表明动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。6.was to become/would become句意：大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他会成为美国的第一位黑人总统。表示“注定成为”要用be to do；主句是一般过去时，所以从句要用过去将来时。7.will be built句意：四川
6、将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济(发展)。根据时间状语soon可知，此空为将来时；主语expressways和动词build之间为动宾关系，故要用一般将来时的被动形式。.语境感悟用所给词的适当形式完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，体会动词时态、语态的用法。When he was a little boy，Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.“Wouldnt it work quickly if the machine _1_(tur
7、n)the wheel for you？”he asked.“I suppose it would，”said his mother，without paying any attention to him.Christopher _2_(know)she always had a lot of work，and he wanted to help.In his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father _3_(buy)him as a gift.“I _4_(make)better use of it，”little Chris
8、topher said to himself.So，when his mother _5_(not use)her sewing-machine，he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job _6_(finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother _7_(like)it.“Very clever，”his mother said，when she saw it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I _8_(wo
9、rk)like this for too many years，”she explained.This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who _9_(try)to improve anything _10_(have)to learn：Many people dont like new ideas.答案1.turned表示对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时。2.knew一般过去时表示过去的动作。3.had bought表示“过去的过去”用过去完成时。4.will/shall make此处用一般将来时表示临时的决定或安排。5.was not usin
10、g过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。6.was finished一般过去时的被动语态。7.would like过去将来时，相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态。8.have been working用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作。9.tries一般现在时表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作、客观真理、科学事实等。10.has同上题。.正反探究1.【误】Hi，Lucy，you look tired.Im really tired.I have painted the living room all day.【正】Hi，Lucy，you l
11、ook tired.Im really tired.I have been painting the living room all day.解析现在完成进行时态，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在并有可能会继续下去。这一点是从时间状语 all day(整天)看出来的。.正反探究1.【误】Hi，Lucy，you look tired.Im really tired.I have painted the living room all day.【正】Hi，Lucy，you look tired.Im really tired.I have been painting the living room a
12、ll day.解析现在完成进行时态，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在并有可能会继续下去。这一点是从时间状语 all day(整天)看出来的。2.【误】Nancy is not coming tonight.But she has promised!【正】Nancy is not coming tonight.But she promised!解析南希“答应要来”这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺，前文已告诉我们“她不来了”，因此诺言已跟现在没有关系，只是过去的一个动作。3.【误】When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and start
13、ed to take a shower.【正】When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower.解析从关键信息 I had just finished my work 可以看出是“正要开始洗澡”应该是将来时，was starting 可以表示马上就要进行的动作；而 started 表示“开始了”。4.【误】I dont really work here；I just help out until the new secretary arrives.【正】I dont really
14、work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.解析一般现在时表示现在的、经常性的行为或状态，而现在进行时表示正在进行的、暂时性的动作。本句是用现在进行时的形式表示将来时，此处表示“我”现在只是在临时帮忙，是现阶段正在进行的动作。5.很多的鸟类正被人们捕杀。【误】Many birds are killed now.【正】Many birds are being killed now.解析现在进行时的被动语态结构要完整，不能遗漏其中的助动词，导致时态错误。.考点确认一、常考各种时态的用法1.一般现在时 (1)表示经常
15、发生的、习惯性的动作，通常用usually，often，always，sometimes，every day，once a week等作时间状语。I usually have my hair cut once a month.The students often do their experiments in the lab.(2)表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。The earth moves around the sun.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.(3)表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。The train leaves a
16、t 2：35 this afternoon.(4)将主句是一般将来时的时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替将来时。You will succeed if you try your best.Even if it rains tomorrow，the football match will take place.2.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Our friends are waiting for us outside now.(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。She is learning English at college.(3)某些短暂性动词，如come，g
17、o，start，open，close，arrive，return，begin，leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.He is leaving for Beijing next week.(4)某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。Im forgetting English.She is losing her eyesight.3.现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，once，before，yet，just等作时
18、间状语。He hasnt heard any news from his son lately.Have you ever been to London?(2)表示开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作。常用so far，up till now，since，for a long time，in the past/last few years，these days等作时间状语。3.现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，once，before，yet，just等作时间状语。He hasnt heard an
19、y news from his son lately.Have you ever been to London?(2)表示开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到现在而且还有可能继续下去的动作。常用so far，up till now，since，for a long time，in the past/last few years，these days等作时间状语。So far no life has been found outside the earth.He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college.(3)“This/It i
20、sthe序数词timethat.”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。This is the second time that I have visited the university.4.现在完成进行时(1)表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且会继续进行下去的动作。I am very tired.I have been painting the house all the afternoon.(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。I have been calling him several times this morning，but there is no ans
21、wer.5.一般过去时(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday.He came to work here two weeks ago.(2)在时间、条件从句中代替过去将来时。He said he would not go if it rained.(3)有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know，th
22、ink，expect等，表示“本来认为”。I didnt expect to meet you here.I thought he had heard the news.6.过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。By the end of last term，we had learned 2，000 words.He had left before I got home.(2)hope，expect，think，intend，want，suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本”。We had expected th
23、at you would be able to win the match.(3)“It/This/That wasthe序数词timethat.”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时。It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.(4)“hardly/scarcely.when.”和“no sooner.than.”结构中，主句用过去完成时。Hardly had the game started when it started to rain.7.过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。She was
24、 writing a book about China last year，but I dont know whether she has finished it.(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。It was raining as the medical team made its way to the front.He was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door.(3)短暂性动词come，go，leave，arrive，begin等用于过去进行时，表示按计划、安排在过去某个时间将要发生
25、的动作。8.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。(1)“shall/will动词原形”表示将来，往往指客观上势必要发生的事情或没有计划，临时做出的打算。shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。When will you be able to give us a reply?We shall have a lot of rain next month.Where is the telephone book?Ill go and get it for you.(2)be going to do形式表示将来，一般指按计划、打算要做
26、某事，或有迹象要出现的情况。I am going to buy a computer this summer.It is going to be fine tomorrow.(3)be to do表示将来，一般指按计划或安排要做某事，或按职责、义务和要求必须去做某事。She is to get married next week.I am to buy some books this afternoon.(4)be about to do表示将来，多指不久或即将要发生的动作，不强调主观，不能与表示具体时间的状语连用。The train is about to leave.9.过去将来时过去将来
27、时表示从过去某个时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态通常有个过去时间或动作作参照。He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.She was about to open the door when the telephone rang.Every morning he would climb to the top of the hill in those days.10.将来进行时将来进行时由will/shall be doing形式构成，表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作。Please dont come at ten tomorrow mo
28、rning.I will be having a meeting.What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?二、被动语态1.使用被动语态的情况(1)不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。The young man was injured in the car accident.(2)需要强调动作的承受者时。Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.(3)为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时。Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.(4)动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。The windows were broken by strong wind.(5)有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。I am determined to take medicine.2.没有被动语态的动词一些表示状态及拥有的及物动词，以及have，get，owe，belong to，cost等动词没有被动语态形式。This hall can hold 500 people.The house belongs to my uncle.His careless driving cost his life.
