1、Restrictive Attributive Clause先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,when,why定语从句定义：用作定语（形容词）的一个从句，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制的作用。关系词关系代词关系副词who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语whom指人，在从句中做宾语，不能做主语。which只指物，不指人，在从句中做主语或宾语。that可以指人也可以指物，在从句中做主语或宾语。关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况Review先行词在从句中所作成分关系代词人主who/that宾who/whom/that/省略定w
2、hose(=of whom)物主that/which宾that/which/省略定whose(=of which)先行词在从句中所作成分关系副词时间名词时间状语when 地点名词地点状语where reason原因状语why一、关系代词的基本用法1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。Danny was the man who we rescued from the ru
3、ins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the person(who/whom)you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长3which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which)he had lost on the
4、train.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。The little girl is having an apple which is big and red.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果4that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)The suitcase that/w
5、hich lies on the ground is hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)5whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。限制性定语从句中，as常用于下列句式 such+such+名词+as+as+从句 像一样的；像之类 the same+th
6、e same+名词+as+as+从句 和同样的e.g.:I have the same book as he has.e.g.:I have the same book as he has.We have found such materials as are used in We have found such materials as are used in their factory.their factory.。1.These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.2.He is not the same man _
7、 he was.asas关系代词关系代词as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句(1)as用于限制性定语从句用于限制性定语从句He is such a respectable man as we all respect.He is such a respectable man that we all respect him.This is the same wallet as he lost yesterday.This is the same wallet that he lost yesterday.(2)as用于非限制性定语从句，用于非限制性定语从句，表示表示“正如，正如，像像一样一样”，其位置
8、可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面，且无“正如”之意。He came back home late,as we expected.As is pointed out,this is a grammar problem.As is known to us all,he is the tallest student in our class.这和我昨天丢的那块表一样。这正是我昨天丢的那块表。连词that，引导结果状语从句，在从句中不做成分。关系代词as，引导定语从句，在句中做成分。常与常与as连用的词连用的词有有 know,see,expect,poi
9、nt out 等。等。as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别aswhich指代指代引导的从句只能引导的从句只能指代整个指代整个主句的内容主句的内容引导的从句既可指代引导的从句既可指代整个主句的整个主句的内容内容，又可指代主句的又可指代主句的某一名词某一名词或代词或代词位置位置可位于可位于主句之前、之中主句之前、之中或之后或之后可位于主句可位于主句之中或之后之中或之后，不能位于主句之前不能位于主句之前意义意义“正如，就像正如，就像”“这，那这，那”功能功能起连接上下文的作用，表起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或并指出主句内容的根据或出处等
10、出处等引导的从句引导的从句，在意义上相当于一在意义上相当于一个并列句个并列句区分that和which只能用只能用that，不能用，不能用which的情况的情况 不定代词不定代词，如，如 something,anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little,none等作先行词时，只用等作先行词时，只用that，不用，不用which。先行词有先行词有the only，the very，the just,the right等修饰时，只用等修饰时，只用that。先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时，只用修饰时，只用that
11、。先行词先行词既有人，又有物既有人，又有物时。时。当主句是以当主句是以who 或或which 开头的特殊疑问句开头的特殊疑问句时，用时，用that 以避免重复。以避免重复。区分that和whichPractice 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.Th
12、is is the second novel _I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _can frighten me.6.Who is the man _is reading under the tree?that定语从句的种类 感受一下限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别感受一下限制性定从和非限制性定从的区别限制性定从：She hates people who like smoking.非限制性定从：My hometown is Beijing,which is the capital of China.她讨厌喜欢抽烟的人。我的家乡是北
13、京，它是中国的首都。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上意义上作用上翻译上关系词无逗号有逗号去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确 去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修饰限定只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子译为“的”常译成与主句并列的句子作宾语时可省略关系词一般不可省略不能用that,why引导The differences先行词不同先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个名词或代词，也可为整个主句。TipsTips：thatthat，whywhy 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用不能在非限制性定语从句中使用限制性定语从句与非限制性定
14、语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别指人指人指物指物在定语从句中作的成分在定语从句中作的成分who主语whom宾语which（或指代整个主句）主语宾语whose定语非限制性定语从句中的关系词非限制性定语从句中的关系词指地点指地点指时间指时间在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用where地点状语when时间状语TipsTips：thatthat，whywhy 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用不能在非限制性定语从句中使用关系副词关系副词关系代词关系代词品读规律品读规律1.Tom found the ancient book,which was broken.2.As is said in
15、 the newspaper,two farmers saw the UFO in the field.4.I like the house,whose windows face the sea.先行词指物先行词指物,在从句中做主或宾语在从句中做主或宾语,用关系词用关系词which,不能用不能用thatAs引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句,可放在可放在主句之前，也可放在主句后面。主句之前，也可放在主句后面。先行词在从句做定语先行词在从句做定语,用关系词用关系词whose3.All that glitters is not gold,as everyone knows.介词介词+关系
16、代词关系代词,介词的选用介词的选用,要根据从句的谓语要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。动词的构成。6.People will remember August 8th,2008,when 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing.先行词在从句中做时间状语先行词在从句中做时间状语,用用when或介词或介词+which。5.Cindy is a lovely girl,with whom many people like to make friends.错漏“摆”出1.People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang,he was the
17、first Chinese to walk in space.2.Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008,when a big earthquake happened in Sichuan then.3.Which is shown on TV,many children suffered a lot from the polluted milk.hewhothen去掉去掉WhichAs错漏“摆”出4.Lin Hao is a hero,who we should learn.5.China got the most gold medals i
18、n the Olympics,that makes people excited.6.I dream of going to Beijing,which the 29th Olympic Games was held.whofrom whomthatwhichwhichwhere/in which1.Hangzhou is a beautiful city,_ people can visit the famous West Lake.2.Beijing,_ is the capital of China,has a very long history.3._ is known to all,
19、he is the best student.4.The young man had a new girl friend,_ is a pop star.ExerciseswhichAswhowhere/in which5.I should thank my teacher,with _ help,I solved the problem.6.He once worked on the Birds Nest,_ _ his son is proud.whoseofwhich易错对比练习易错对比练习1.1)Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an eng
20、ineer 2)Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer 2.1)It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.2)It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.3.1)It was in the hospital_ he came across a friend of his.2)It was the hospital _ he came across a friend of his.4.1).We should
21、go to the place _ we are most needed.2).We should go to the place _ needs us most.5.1).Mother didnt come back on December 25,_was my birthday.2).Mother didnt come back home on December 25,_she was busy working.whomthemwhenthatwherethatwherewhich/thatwhichwhen6.1).This is the room _ he lived in his c
22、hildhood.2).This is the room _ he lived in last year.7.1)The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday?2)The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday?8.1)We must learn to act in ways _ do not harm other living things.2)I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother.3)
23、This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.9.1).He is such a good teacher _ we all like.2).He is such a good teacher _ we all like him.3).He is a good teacher,_ makes us respect him.10.1)Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water.2)I still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten y
24、ears ago.wherewhichwhywhich/thatwhich/thatthat/in which/不填不填which/thatasthatwhichwherewhere11.1)_ we all know,China is rich in natural resources.2)_ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.3)_ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.12.1)Im surprised at all _
25、 he said at the meeting.2)Im surprised at _ he said at the meeting.13.1)_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.2)_ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.3)_ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.14.1)This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last w
26、eek.2)This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.WhoeverWhatAnyoneThosethat werethat wasAsItthatwhat15.1)He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east.2)He still lives in the room,the window _ which faces to the east.3)He still lives in the room _ is in the north of
27、 the city.4)He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table.16.1).Is this museum _ they visited yesterday?2).Is this the museum _ they visited yesterday?3).Is this museum _ they stayed yesterday?4).Is this the museum _ they stayed yesterday?5).Is the museum _ you visited yesterday beautiful?
28、6).It was the museum _ you saw many treasures.7).It was in the museum _ you saw many treasures.8).It was in the museum _ you stayed in that you saw many treasures.the onethat/which/不填不填wherethat/which/不填不填wherethat/which/不填不填wherethatwhoseofwhich/thatwhere17.1)_ is known is that he has gone to colle
29、ge.2)_ is known that he has gone to college.3)_ is known,he has gone to college.4)We all know _ he has gone to college.5)He has gone to college,_ made us surprised.6)He has gone to college and _ made us surprised.7)He has gone to college,_ surprised us.8)_ surprised us most was _ he has gone to coll
30、ege.18.1)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,_ he became a manager some years later.2)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,_ was important for him.3)He arrived in Beijing in 1984,_ he was already in his fifties.4)It was in 1984 _ he arrived in Beijing.ItWhatAsthatitwhichWhatwhichthatwherewhichwhenthat1.who和和whom
31、都指都指人；人；who 在从句中作主语和宾语在从句中作主语和宾语,whom做宾语。做宾语。2.whose 在从句中作在从句中作定语定语,修饰人或物，意为修饰人或物，意为“的的”，whose+名词名词可换作可换作 the+名词名词+of whom/which。3.which 只只指指物，物，在从句中作主语、宾语或在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语介词宾语。4.that 指指人或物人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语宾语时可省略。时可省略。关系代词关系代词1.先行词指人时，先行词指人时，关系代词用关系代词用_,关系代词在句中关系代词在句中作作_。2.先行词是物时，用关系代词先行词是物时，用关系代词_，在从句中作，在从句中作_。3.3.先行词既有人又有物，只能用先行词既有人又有物，只能用_。4.whose 在从句中作在从句中作_，既可以指人，意为，既可以指人，意为“_”；也也可以指可以指物，意为物，意为“_”。5.关系代词关系代词that,who,whom,which 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作_时可以省略时可以省略。主语或宾语主语或宾语who/whom/that that/which主语或宾语主语或宾语定语定语某某(些些)人的人的某物的某物的宾语宾语that关系代词 拜拜了，抓紧学习吧
