1、第 1 页 共 18 页 2013 年攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 2013 年攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 科目代码：681 科目名称：综合英语科目代码：681 科目名称：综合英语 答案请写在答题纸上 答案请写在答题纸上 PART I READING COMPREHENSION(50 MIN,50points)In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 25 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and finish
2、the multiple choices.Text A In recent years,there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors:Salt is bad for youregardless of your health.Politicians also got on board.“There is a direct relationship,”US congressman Neal Smith noted,“between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart d
3、isease,circulatory disorders,stroke and even early death.”Frightening,if true!But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far.“All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,”Dr.Dustan insists.“For most of us it probably doesnt make much diff
4、erence how much salt we eat.”Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet,or later when salt was reintroduced.Of the hypertensive subjects,however,half of those on the low-salt die
5、t did experience a drop in blood pressure,which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many mote lives than it has cost in the general population,”notes Dr.John H.Laragh.“So a recommendation that the whole populatio
6、n should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable“moderation”in salt consumption.For an average person,a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day,or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon.The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowan
7、ce would come from the natural sodium in food.The rest would be added in processing,preparation or at the table.Those with kidney,liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt,if their doctor advises.But even the very vocal“low salt”exponent,Dr.Arthur Hull Hayes,Jr.admits that“We do not kno
8、w whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension.”In fact,there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved:deficiencies in calcium,potassium,perhaps magnesium;obesity(much more dangerous than sodium);genetic predisposition;stress.第 2 页 共 18 页 “It is not your enemy
9、,”says Dr.Laragh,“Salt is the No.1 natural component of all human tissue,and the idea that you dont need it is wrong.Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem,there is no reason to give it up.“1.According to some doctors and politicians,the amount of salt consumed A.e
10、xhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health B.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders C.correlates highly with some diseases D.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease 2.From Dr.Dustans study we can infer that _.A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some p
11、eople B.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressure C.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient D.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone 3.In the third paragraph,Dr.Laragh implies that _.A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive s
12、alt B.doctors should not advise people to avoid salt C.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease D.excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population 4.The phrase“vocal.exponent”(Line 2,Para.5)most probably refers to A.eloquent doctor B.articulat
13、e opponent C.loud speaker D.strong advocate 5.What is the main message of this text?A.That the salt scare is not justified.B.That the origin of hypertension is now found.C.That the moderate use of salt is recommended.D.That salt consumption is to be promoted.Text B The debate over spanking goes back
14、 many years,but the essential question often escapes discussion:Does spanking actually work?In the short term,yes.You can correct immediate misbehavior with a slap or two on the rear end or hand.But what about the long-term impact?Can spanking lead to permanent,hidden scars on children years later?O
15、n Sept 25,a sociologist from the University of New Hampshire,Murray Straus,presented a paper at the International Conference on Violence,Abuse and Trauma in San Diego suggesting that corporal punishment does leave a long-lasting markin the form of lower IQ.Straus,who is 83 and has been studying corp
16、oral punishment since 1969,found that kids who were physically punished had up to a five-point lower IQ score than kids who werent.第 3 页 共 18 页 So how might getting spanked on the bottom actually affect the workings of the brain?Straus notes that being spanked or hit is associated with fright and st
17、ress;kids who experience that kind of trauma have a harder time focusing and learning.In another recent paper that he co-authored with Paschall,Straus writes that previous research has found that even after you control for parental education and occupation,children of parents who use corporal punish
18、ment are less likely than other kids to graduate from college.Still,its not clear if spanking causes lower cognitive ability or if lower cognitive ability might somehow lead to more spanking.Its quite possible that kids with poor reasoning skills misbehave more often and therefore bring harsher puni
19、shment.“It could be that lower IQ causes parents to get very annoyed and hit more,”Straus says,although he notes that a recent Duke University study of low-income families found that toddlers low mental ability did not predict an increase in spanking.(The study did find,however,that kids who were sp
20、anked at age 1 displayed more aggressive behavior by age 2 and scored lower on cognitive development tests by age 3.)“I believe the relationship between corporal punishment and IQ is probably bidirectional,”says Straus.“There has to be something the kid is doing thats wrong that leads to corporal pu
21、nishment.The problem is,when the parent does that,it seems to have counterproductive results to cognitive ability in the long term.”The preponderance of evidence points away from corporal punishment,which the European Union and the UN have recommended against,but the data suggest that most parents,e
22、specially those in the U.S.,still spank their kids.Its most common among African-American families,Southern families,parents who were spanked as children themselves and those who identify themselves as conservative Christians.Sometimes spanking seems like the only way to get through to an unruly tod
23、dler.But the price for fixing his poor short-term conduct might be an even more troublesome outcome in the future.6.What should be discussed on spanking according to the author?A.Which part of body should be hit.B.What potential side effects it has.C.Whether parents have rights to spank.D.How to pre
24、vent injury when spanking.7.According to Murray Straus,whats the influence of spanking on kids in the long run?A.It helps correct kids bad behaviors for good.B.Kids spanked are more likely to commit a crime.C.It leaves permanent physical scars on kids.D.Kids spanked are not as smart as those not.8.W
25、hat can we infer from the third paragraph?第 4 页 共 18 页 A.Spanking has nothing to do with brain hurt.B.Its not childrens fault not going to college.C.Physical punishment can affect kids emotionally.D.Parental education plays no part in kids study.9.What did a recent Duke University study reveal?A.Kid
26、s poor in cognition were more likely to be spanked.B.Corporal punishment did bring about wounds to kids.C.The earlier kids were spanked,the lower IQs they had.D.Low-IQ kids may display misbehaviors more often.10.Whats the attitude of the U.N.towards physical punishment?A.Disapproved.B.Concerned.C.In
27、different.D.Recommended.Text C A war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of Australia and the dingo,Australias wild dog.To protect their livelihood,the farmers built a wire fence,3,307 miles of continuous wire mesh,reaching from the coast of South Australia all the
28、 way to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland,just short of the Pacific Ocean.The Fence is Australias version of the Great Wall of China,but even longer,erected to keep out hostile invaders,in this case hordes of yellow dogs.The empire it preserves is that of the woolgrowers,sovereigns of the worl
29、ds second largest sheep flock,after Chinas-some 123 million headand keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars.Never mind that more and more people-conservationists,politicians,taxpayers and animal loverssay that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds.Wit
30、h sections of it almost a hundred years old,the dog fence has become,as conservationist Lindsay Fairweather ruefully admits,“an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity”.To appreciate this unusual outback monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it,I spent part of an Australian autum
31、n travelling the wire.Its known by different names in different states:the Dog Fence in South Australia,the Border Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland.I would call it simply the Fence.For most of its prodigious length,this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape tha
32、t,unless a big rain has fallen,scarcely has rivers.The eccentric route,prescribed mostly by property lines,provides a sampler of outback topography:the Fence goes over sand dunes,past salt lakes,up and down rock-strewn hills,through dense scrub and across barren plains.The Fence stays away from town
33、s.Where it passes near a town,it has 第 5 页 共 18 页 actually become a tourist attraction visited on bus tours.It marks the traditional dividing line between cattle and sheep.Inside,where the dingoes are legally classified as vermin,they are shot,poisoned and trapped.Sheep and dingoes do not mix and th
34、e Fence sends that message mile after mile.What is this creature that by itself threatens an entire industry,inflicting several millions of dollars of damage a year despite the presence of the worlds most obsessive fence?Cousin to the coyote and the jackal,descended from the Asian wolf,Canis lupus d
35、ingo is an introduced species of wild dog.Skeletal remains indicate that the dingo was introduced to Australia more than 3,500 years ago probably with Asian seafarers who landed on the north coast.The adaptable dingo spread rapidly and in a short time became the top predator,killing off all its mars
36、upial competitors.The dingo looks like a small wolf with a long nose,short pointed ears and a bushy tail.Dingoes rarely bark;they yelp and howl.Standing about 22 inches at the shoulderslightly taller than a coyote the dingo is Australias largest land carnivore.The woolgrowers war against dingoes,whi
37、ch is similar to the sheep ranchers rage against coyotes in the US,started not long after the first European settlers disembarked in 1788,bringing with them a cargo of sheep.Dingoes officially became outlaws in 1830 when governments placed a bounty on their heads.Today bounties for problem dogs kill
38、ing sheep inside the Fence can reach$500.As pioneers penetrated the interior with their flocks of sheep,fences replaced shepherds until,by the end of the 19th century,thousands of miles of barrier fencing crisscrossed the vast grazing lands.“The dingo started out as a quiet observer,”writes Roland B
39、reckwoldt,in A Very Elegant Animal:The Dingo,“but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous on the continent.”It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia,dingo numbers have increased a hundredfold.Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia,an educated g
40、uess puts the population at more than a million.Eventually government officials and graziers agreed that one well-maintained fence,placed on the outer rim of sheep country and paid for by taxes levied on woolgrowers,should supplant the maze of private netting.By 1960,three states joined their barrie
41、rs to form a single dog fence.The intense private battles between woolgrowers and dingoes have usually served to define the Fence only in economic terms.It marks the difference between profit and loss.Yet the Fence casts a much broader ecological shadow for it has become a kind of terrestrial dam,de
42、flecting the flow of animals inside and out.The ecological side effects appear most vividly at Sturt National Park.In 1845,explorer Charles Sturt led an expedition through these parts on a futile search for an inland sea.For Sturt and other early explorers,it was a rare event to see a kangaroo.Now t
43、hey are ubiquitous for without a native predator the kangaroo population has exploded inside the Fence.Kangaroos are now cursed 第 6 页 共 18 页 more than dingoes.They have become the rivals of sheep,competing for water and grass.In response state governments cull more than three million kangaroos a yea
44、r to keep Australias national symbol from overrunning the pastoral lands.Park officials,who recognise that the fence is to blame,respond to the excess of kangaroos by saying“The fence is there,and we have to live with it.”11.Why was the fence built?A.to separate the sheep from the cattle.B.to stop t
45、he dingoes from being slaughtered by farmers.C.to act as a boundary between properties.D.to protect the Australian wool industry.12.On what point do the conservationists and politicians agree?A.Wool exports are vital to the economy.B.The fence poses a threat to the environment.C.The fence acts as a
46、useful frontier between states.D.The number of dogs needs to be reduced.13.Why did the author visit Australia?A.to study Australian farming methods.B.to investigate how the fence was constructed.C.because he was interested in life around the fence.D.because he wanted to learn more about the wool ind
47、ustry.14.How does the author feel about the fence?A.impressed.B.delighted.C.shocked.D.annoyed.15.When did the authorities first acknowledge the dingo problem?A.1788.B.1830.C.1845.D.1960.Text D The University in transformation,edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley,pres
48、ents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives.Their essays raise a broad range of issues,questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditi
49、onal campus is the Internet Universitya voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace.A computerized university could have many advantages,such as easy scheduling,efficient delivery,of lectures to thousands or even
50、 millions of students at once,and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.第 7 页 共 18 页 Yet the Internet University poses dangers,too.For example,a line of franchised courseware,produced by a few superstar teachers,marketed under the brand name of a fam
