1、二十五选择性必修第二册二十五选择性必修第二册Unit 4Journey across a Vast Land(限时限时35分钟分钟).阅读理解(2021上海模拟)Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life.A technology firm is trying to make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo.Artibo is small.Its brain,or AI
2、 block,is a cube(立方体)that fits in your hand.That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels.Assembled,its about four inches tall.Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around.Artibos designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding.
3、With its camera,microphone and connection to a cloud-based AI,it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie-talkie(对讲机).It talks like a chatbot and can tell bedtime stories.It can even help you learn other languages!Artibo isnt quite ready for stores yet,though.Its part of a crowdfundin
4、g project.Crowdfunding is a program where you put a request online to a crowd of people.Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you finish a project.Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production.Using computer code to program your own toys is
5、nothing new.LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998.Since then,programmable robots have become one of the best-selling units in the LEGO product line.Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science,but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code block
6、s.Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the canvas(画 布)of a computer screen.Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu link them together,and watch how your robot responds.In Artibos case coding doesnt stop there.U
7、nlike other similar programmable toys,Artibo will also allow you to write your own code.So as your familiarity with coding increases,you wont lose interest in Artibo.1.According to the passage,the purpose of developing Artibo is_.A.helping people learn anything they want and providing companionshipB
8、.providing a robot that can move,accompany and help people learn codingC.chatting with people,telling bedtime stories and supplying languagesD.helping people raise money on line and creating programmable robots【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around.A
9、rtibos designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding.阿蒂博不仅仅是一个你可以随意移动的机器人。阿蒂博的设计者希望它能提供陪伴,并成为学习编程的资源。可知阿蒂博机器人不仅能移动,也能提供陪伴,帮助学习编程。故选B项。2.What can be concluded from the passage?A.Programming robots is not really complicated.B.Programming robots is advanced like a roc
10、ket.C.Programming robots can be used in smartphones.D.Programming robots used in toys is not new at all.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science,but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks.编程机器人可能听起来像火箭科学,但任何人都可以用平
11、板电脑或智能手机和代码块为机器人编程。可知,编程机器人真的并不复杂。故选A项。3.The passage implies that_.A.people can program various orders even without code blocksB.anyone can control Artibo freely unlike other programming toysC.the more familiar youre with coding,the more youll like ArtiboD.artibo is popular in the world especially a
12、mong young people【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Unlike other similar programmable toys,Artibo will also allow you to write your own code.So as your familiarity with coding increases,you wont lose interest in Artibo.与其他类似的可编程玩具不同,阿蒂博还允许你编写自己的代码。因此,随着你对编码的熟悉程度的增加,你不会对阿蒂博失去兴趣。可知,你对编码越熟悉,就越喜欢阿蒂博。故选C项。【知识拓展】词汇积累1.s
13、cience fiction科幻小说2.play an important part 发挥重要作用3.a crowdfunding project 一个众筹的项目4.familiarity n.熟悉5.lose interest in 对失去兴趣 长难句分析Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science,but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks.分析:本句为but连接的两个并列句,前
14、半部分为动名词作主语;后半部分主句为anyone can program one,后面using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks为现在分词作方式状语。翻译:编程机器人可能听起来像火箭科学,但任何人都可以用平板电脑或智能手机和代码块为机器人编程。.阅读填句Friends should always be honest with you,right?So when they lie,it can be really hard to take.You want to trust your friends and t
15、hat means knowing that theyll tell it to you straight no matter what it is.1Why does this happen?2 One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your feelings.Some people dont understand the difference between being gently honest with a friend and being so straightforward that th
16、ey leave a verbal wound.They choose to avoid these two extremes in the form of a lie.They feel embarrassed.Sometimes friends will lie about things in their life because they are too embarrassed to admit the truth.Maybe they are going through a rough time and they just dont want you to know about it.
17、Avoid trying to badger(纠 缠)your friends into telling you whats wrong.3 Avoid an argument with you.Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth,youll get angry with them.Make sure that if a friend tells you something unpleasant,you dont overact.4If you do end up arguing,do it in a respec
18、table way.Exclude you.Lying isnt always a sign that friends are trying to protect you,however.5When you find out with certainty that your friend is lying to you,try and face it.If you feel your friend is lying because he or she doesnt want to be around you,thats your wake-up to move on.A.Protect you
19、r feelings.B.They want to be your closer friends.C.But a friend who lies isnt always trying to hurt you.D.Consider whats being said and why your friend is telling you this.E.Being honest and making a sincere effort can keep the friendship strong.F.Sometimes they lie because they dont want you to be
20、included in their plans.G.Instead,make it clear that you are there for them when and if they are ready to talk.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了朋友对你说谎的四种原因并给出了对应的处理办法。1.【解析】选C。根据后文Why does this happen?为什么会这样?结合后文分析了朋友对你撒谎的原因可知,说谎的朋友并不总是试图伤害你。故选C。2.【解析】选A。根据本段第一句One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to
21、avoid hurting your feelings.句意:朋友说谎的最大原因之一就是避免伤害你的感情。由此可知,本段说明了朋友撒谎是为了保护你的感受。故选A。3.【解析】选G。根据上文Avoid trying to badger your friends into telling you whats wrong.句意:不要纠缠你的朋友,让他们告诉你出了什么事。由此可知,朋友对你撒谎是因为自己正在经历艰难的时期,因此最好的做法是不要纠缠你的朋友,而是在他们准备好跟你谈心的时候,清楚地告诉他们你在他们身边陪伴他们。故选G。4.【解析】选D。结合上文Perhaps your friends kn
22、ow that if they tell you the truth,youll get angry with them.Make sure that if a friend tells you something unpleasant,you dont overact.句意:也许你的朋友知道如果他们告诉你真相,你会生他们的气。确保如果朋友告诉你一些不愉快的事情,你不要反应过度。由此可知,朋友对你撒谎可能是为了避免和你发生争执,避免让你生气,所以在朋友告诉你真相的时候,你应该冷静想想他们说了什么,以及为什么要跟你说这些。故选D。5.【解析】选F。根据上文Lying isnt always a
23、sign that friends are trying to protect you,however.句意:然而,撒谎并不总是朋友试图保护你的信号。以及最后一句If you feel your friend is lying because he or she doesnt want to be around you,thats your wake-up to move on.句意:如果你觉得你的朋友在说谎,因为他或她不想和你在一起,那是你继续前进的警钟。可知,有时候朋友们对你撒谎仅仅是因为他们不想跟你在一起,不想让你加入他们的计划。故选F。【知识拓展】词汇积累1.be honest wit
24、h对诚实2.admit the truth 承认事实3.go through a rough time经历一段困难时期4.make an effort 努力.完形填空 Have you ever traveled around by bike?This spring my older brother and I 1 the busy city and spent a long weekend cycling in the countryside.Our speed was only around 14 kph,but we didnt 2.We hadnt come to break any
25、speed records,after all.All we wanted were some 3 air and a break from schoolwork.We really 4 ourselves while cycling along traffic-free country paths.There was plenty of sunshine,but it was quite cold,5 in the mornings.The good news was that soon we 6 as we rode along.Our only 7 was when my brakes
26、started making a terrible noise.But I didnt care as it gave us an 8 to visit a caf while a bike mechanic(机修工)had a look at it.Every few kilometres there was a 9 where we could talk with local people.One of the women was very 10 and showed us the way when we got lost.On Saturday night we were 11 at 2
27、 a.m.by some young people.They kept singing loudly in the next room,which made us sleepless all night.We felt very 12 when we got up the next morning.Soon we 13.We were more cheerful on the way when the sun came out.Luckily,things like that happened only once.Anyway I still like traveling around by
28、bike its 14 and its fun.If youre looking for a short break thats active and cheap,then cycling is a great 15!【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和哥哥在周末骑自行车去乡下游玩的经历。1.A.leftB.visitedC.foundD.reached【解析】选A。由该空后的“spent a long weekend cycling in the countryside”可知,哥哥和“我”“离开(left)”繁忙的城市去了乡下。2.A.regretB.mindC.failD.rea
29、lize【解析】选B。由该空后的“We hadnt come to break any speed records”可知,我们的车速只有14千米每小时,但是我们并不“介意(mind)”。3.A.freshB.thinC.coolD.dry【解析】选A。从城市来到乡下应该是想呼吸一下“新鲜的(fresh)”空气。4.A.hurtB.hatedC.changedD.enjoyed【解析】选D。由该空后的“cycling along traffic-free country paths”可知,在没有汽车的乡间小路上,我们无忧无虑地骑着自行车,十分享受。enjoy oneself“过得愉快”。5.A.
30、probablyB.especiallyC.speciallyD.immediately【解析】选B。“特别(especially)”是早上非常冷。6.A.came backB.gave upC.warmed upD.calmed down【解析】选C。由上文的“it was quite cold”和“The good news”可知,我们骑了一会儿自行车感觉“暖和多了(warmed up)”。7.A.wishB.problemC.decisionD.memory【解析】选B。由该空后的“my brakes started making a terrible noise”可知,这里是说“问题(
31、problem)”。8.A.orderB.opinionC.excuseD.explanation【解析】选C。由该空后的“visit a caf while a bike mechanic had a look at it”可知,趁着机修工帮我们修自行车,我们就有“借口(excuse)”去咖啡馆逛一逛了。9.A.cityB.lakeC.schoolD.village【解析】选D。由上文的“the countryside”和该空格后的“we could talk with local people”可知,这里是说每隔几千米就有一个“村庄(village)”。10.A.friendlyB.hon
32、estC.stupidD.nervous【解析】选A。由该空后的“showed us the way when we got lost”可知,这位妇女非常“友好(friendly)”。11.A.savedB.paidC.wokenD.greeted【解析】选C。由下文的“They kept singing loudly in the next room”可知,我们被隔壁的一些年轻人“吵醒(woken)”了。12.A.shy B.busyC.bored D.tired【解析】选D。一晚上没有休息好,所以早上起来后应该感觉很“累(tired)”。13.A.set offB.called backC
33、.settled downD.broke down【解析】选A。由该空格后的“We were more cheerful on the way”可知,很快我们就“出发(set off)”了。14.A.trueB.simpleC.difficultD.dangerous【解析】选B。骑着自行车游玩既“简单(simple)”又快乐。15.A.goalB.dreamC.resultD.choice【解析】选D。总览全文可知,作者认为骑自行车游玩是一个很好的“选择(choice)”。.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cities,usually have a go
34、od reason for 1._(be)where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy 2._(get)to and naturally suited to communications and trade.But not all cities develop like this.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.Peop
35、le went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson 3._(cover)with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path,4._(kill)63 people.For many who made 5._ to Dawson,however,the r
36、ewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who 6._(dig)for gold,4,000 got rich.But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended 7._ had all been found.The city was crowded with
37、 disappointed people with no interest 8._ settling down,and when they heard there were new gold 9._(discover)in Alaska,they left Dawson City as 10._(quick)as they had come.1.【解析】being。for 是介词,所以后面要用-ing 形式。2.【解析】to get。“be+性质形容词”主动表被动。3.【解析】was covered。固定短语“be covered with”被覆盖。4.【解析】killing。现在分词作结果状
38、语,An avalanche和kill是主动的关系,所以用现在分词。5.【解析】it。固定短语“make it to someplace”成功到达某地。6.【解析】dug。联系上下文可知事情发生在过去,所以用一般过去时,dig的过去式为dug。7.【解析】on。固定短语“depend on”依赖,依靠。8.【解析】in。固定短语“have an interest in(doing)sth.”对做某事感兴趣。9.【解析】discoveries。由前面”there were”可知要用名词的复数形式。10.【解析】quickly。副词修饰动词left,as.as 中间要用形容词或副词的原级。阅读理解
39、(2021上海模拟)For several decades,there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science,funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks(自由主义智囊团)whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science.In response,scientists have tended
40、 to stress the success of science.After all,scientists have been right about most things,from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.Quoting successes isnt wrong,but for many people its not persuasive.What is typically declared to be the scientific methoddevelop a supposit
41、ion,then design an experiment to test itisnt what scientists actually do.Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned.The scientific method doesnt always work.False theories can produce true results,so even if an experiment works,it doesnt prove that the theory it wa
42、s designed to test is true.If there is no identifiable scientific method then what is the guarantee for trust in science?The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated.A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scient
43、ists.Until this point,scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly.But the next step is different:once the paper is ready,it is presented to a scientific journal,where things get a whole lot tougher.Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the au
44、thors,and the job of the reviewers is to find errors or other inadequacies.We call this process“peer review”because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault.It is only after the reviewers and the editor are sati
45、sfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of“science.”Does this process ever go wrong?Of course.Scientists are human.But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong,typically there was no agreement reached by all.Some
46、 people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are“always changing their minds”.While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed,they do exist.But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear
47、paradoxical(矛盾的):that science produces both novelty(新颖性)and stability.New observations,ideas,interpretations introduce novelty:transformative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge.Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence,but this is a
48、 strength of science,not a weakness.1.Distrust in science has been found because _.A.scientists citing successes isnt persuasive for many people to some extentB.most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of scienceC.a wide-ranging and organized campaign has been founded in s
49、ome industries and think tanksD.someones benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,几十年来,有一个广泛的、有组织的运动,目的是产生对科学的不信任,由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助,他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁。由此可知,人们发现对科学的不信任是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁,故D项正确。2.Which of the following statements will the autho
50、r agree with about a scientific method?A.A scientific method doesnt necessarily take effect because science is changing.B.A scientific method is not right because it isnt what scientists actually do.C.A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.D.True the
