1、必修8 Unit 2Cloning.单词荟萃1._vt.(undertook,undertaken)着手;从事;承担 2._vt.(forbade,forbad;forbidden)禁止;不准 3._vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于 4._vi.&vt.(struck,struck)打;撞击;罢工 n.罢工 5._vi.不同;相异different adj.不同的difference n.不同;差异 6._adj.精确的;准确的exactly adv.恰好地;精确地;正确地 7._adj.商业的;贸易的commerce n.商业 8._n.改正;纠正;修正correct vt.改正adj.正
2、确的;恰当的;端正的undertakeforbidowestrikedifferexactcommercialcorrection9._vi.反对;不赞成objection n.不赞成;反对;异议objective adj.客观的;就事论事的 10._vt.&vi.积累;聚积accumulation n.积累;增加 11._vi.退休;离开retirement n.退休 12._n.假定;设想assume vt.假定;设想 13._n.规则;规章;法规regulate vt.调节;管理 14._n.受人喜爱;流行popular adj.流行的,通俗的;受欢迎的 15._adj.最初的;开始的i
3、nitially adv.最初;开始;起初 16._vt.抵抗;对抗resistant adj.抵抗的;有抵抗力的resistance n.抵抗;对抗objectaccumulateretireassumptionregulationpopularityinitialresist17._n.装饰decorate vt.装饰;装潢 18._adj.不能的;不会的able adj.有能力的;能干的ability n.能力 19._adv.公平地;相当地fair adj.公平的 20._adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的reason n.原因;道理 decorationunablefairlyrea
4、sonable9._白费力气;枉费心机10._赞成;支持11._一定或注定(做)12._使刻骨铭心13._不时,偶尔14._使复生;使复活15._状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏).短语检测1._取得成功;偿清2._另一方面3._使失望;使沮丧4._对于来说合适5._修改6._引发了的风暴7._使某人看清某事8._对有影响pay offon the other handcast downbe appropriate for/tomake a correction toraise/cause a storm ofopen sbs eyes to sthhave an impact onin vain
5、in favour ofbe bound to(do)strikeinto ones heartfrom time to timebring back to lifein good/poor condition.佳句再现1.while表示前后分句的对比关系,意为“然而;而”Cloning plants is straightforward _cloning animals is very complicated.2.“全倒装+同位语从句”结构_(传来)the disturbing news_Dolly had become seriously ill.3.“with+宾语+过去分词”结构Div
6、ersity in a group means having animals _(基因的排列方式)in different ways.whileThen camethatwith their genes arranged4.The advantage is that“其优点是”,that引导表语从句_(优点是)if there is a new illness some of these animals may die 5.过去分词作状语:based on建立在的基础之上_(建立在基础之上)what we know now,you cannot clone animals that have
7、been extinct longer than 10,000 years.The advantage is thatBased on1 differ v.(to disagree;to have another opinion)不同;相异(1)differ from 与不同differ in(size,colour,age)在方面不同(2)make a/some/no difference 有/有些/没有作用或影响be different fromin 在方面与不同单词点睛【活学活用】(1)Human facial expressions differ from those of anima
8、ls in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人的面部表情与动物的面部表情就刻意被控制的程度来说是不一样的。(2)Im afraid I differ with you on that question.对于那个问题,恐怕我与你有不同的看法。(3)The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像,但性格相差很大。(4)语法填空。Chinese eating and drinking habits di
9、ffer greatly _those in the West.Was it on the matter of finance that they differed _each other?Leaves are found on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly _size and shape.What you have told me may make a difference _my own position._(differ)from cars,cycling is a means of environmentally friendly
10、 transportation.fromwithintoDiffering(5)一句多译。That fashion _may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.That fashion _may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.不同国家的时尚差异可能从一个方面反映了文化差异。is different from country to countrydiffers from country to country2 undertake vt.(to make onesel
11、f responsible for sth or start a piece of work)着手;从事;承担;保证,答应undertake sth 着手/从事/承担某事undertake to do sth 保证/答应做某事undertake that 保证undertake responsibility/a task/a project 承担责任/任务/工程【活学活用】(1)If you undertake the project,you are bound to meet with difficulties.如果你承接这项工程的话,免不了会遇到许多困难。(2)He undertook t
12、o deliver us at the airport at ten next morning.他担保第二天上午十点把我们送到机场。(3)A large number of Chinese companies _large-scale projects in Africa.许多中国公司正在承担着非洲的大规模的项目。are undertaking(4)语法填空。The police are said _(undertake)detailed investigations into the case at present.Cooking,traditionally _(undertake)by m
13、others,has been often taken over by fathers nowadays.Whether or not the construction of the bridge _(undertake)by our company remains to be seen.to be undertakingundertakenwill be undertaken3 objection n.(disapproval;opposition;a feeling of dislike)不赞成;反对;异议(1)raise an objection 提出异议have an objectio
14、n to 反对an objection to 反对(2)object to sb/sth 反对某人/某事object to doing sth 反对做某事object that 反对温馨提示 (1)object to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。(2)object表示“反对”,为不及物动词,接宾语需加介词to;oppose表示“反对”,为及物动词,接宾语不需加介词to。be opposed to表示“反对,和相反”。【活学活用】(1)He raised a strong objection to(=strongly objected to)the plan because he th
15、ought it would be too expensive.他强烈反对这个计划,因为他认为这个计划代价太高。(2)The match was cancelled because most of the members objected to having a match without a standard court.因为大多数成员反对在没有一个标准球场的情况下举行比赛,所以比赛取消了。(3)语法填空。I have no objection _your going,but you must promise to come back before ten.As long as you ca
16、n guarantee safety and low cost,we havent any slightest _(object).Do you have any objection to _(change)your working hours?The journalist had many pictures of the woman secretly taken even though she objected to _(photograph).toobjectionchangingbeing photographed4 forbid vt.(forbade;forbidden)(to sa
17、y that sb mustnt do sth;not to allow sb to use)禁止;不准;阻止;妨碍forbidden adj.禁止的forbid doing sth 禁止做某事forbid sb to do sth=forbid sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事be forbidden to do sth 被禁止做某事【图形助记】【活学活用】(1)As far as I can remember,this place used to forbid parking cars and bikes.在我的记忆中,这个地方曾经禁止停放汽车和自行车。(2)Alcoho
18、l acts on the brain,so drivers are forbidden to drink it when they drive a car.酒精对大脑有影响,因此司机开车时禁止饮酒。(3)The mother forbids her child to swim(=_)in the river unless someone agrees to watch over.母亲不允许她的孩子去河里游泳,除非有人同意看护。forbids her child from swimming(4)语法填空。The factory forbids the workers _smoking in t
19、he workshops.The guard forbade us_(look)out of the window when the train was moving.Lack of space forbids _(list)the names of all those who contributed.For this writer there is no such thing as a _(forbid)topic.fromto looklistingforbidden5 owe vt.(to have to pay;to be in debt for;to have to give)欠(账
20、、钱、人情等);归功于(1)oweto 把归功于owe sb sth=owe sth to sb 欠某人某物;把归功于某人owe it to sb that 多亏某人owe thanks to sb 感谢某人(2)owing to=because of 幸亏,由于,因为温馨提示 如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句,可使用it作形式宾语,将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。如:He owes it to his doctors care that he is quite well again.他恢复得很好,他把这归功于医生的照顾。【活学活用】(1)Thank you for t
21、he magazine you bought for me.How much do I owe you?谢谢您给我买来这本杂志,我该付您多少钱?(2)He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life.他把他身体健康归功于充分锻炼和生活有规律。(3)We_Marconi and Bell that we can now talk to the people on the other side of the world.今天我们之所以能够和远在地球另一端的人通话,应归功于马可尼和贝尔。owe it to(4)语法填空。
22、He owed _to his first English teacher that he had a good pronunciation.She had a headache,_(owe)to the weather here,but she is now accustomed to it.(5)一句多译。_,we succeeded in starting the engine.(介词短语)_we succeeded in starting the engine.(强调句型)多亏她帮忙,我们才成功启动了引擎。itowingOwing to her assistanceIt was owi
23、ng to her assistance that6 bother v.(to give trouble to)打扰,麻烦 n.(trouble,inconvenience)烦恼;麻烦,不便bother sb about/with sth 麻烦某人某事cant be bothered to do/with doing sth 不愿为做某事而操心/嫌麻烦而不做某事have no/much/little bother(in)doing做不费力/很费力/几乎不费力【活学活用】(1)You should keep your mind on the task,and not bother about p
24、ersonal gains or loss.你应该把心思放在工作上,不要患得患失。(2)If you cant be bothered to move,I will have to fetch it myself.如果你懒得动,我只好自己去取了。(3)We had quite a lot of bother(in)_because of the fog.因为有雾,我们费了很大的劲儿才找到他的办公室。finding his office(4)语法填空。I am sorry I have bothered you _so many questions.Many times we just cant
25、 _(bother)to do our very best work.The famous movie star could hardly walk down the street without _(bother).Since I moved here,my noisy neighbour _(bother)me.withbe botheredbeing botheredhas been bothering7 strike vt.&vi.打,击;突然袭击;敲响;报时;给以(深刻)印象(1)be struck by/with被击中;(引申义)被打动,迷恋It strikes sb that(=
26、It occurs to sb that)某人突然想到strikeinto ones heart 使刻骨铭心(2)be/go on strike 罢工【活学活用】(1)Although scientists have made a breakthrough in the research of cancer,the word“cancer”still strikes terror into peoples hearts.尽管科学家们在癌症研究方面已取得了突破,“癌症”这个词仍然使人们感到恐惧。(2)Visitors to Beijing are usually struck by the gr
27、eat number of trees in the city.去北京的游客通常都会感到北京的树特别多。(3)Just as I was going downstairs,_I had left the door unlocked.就在我下楼时,我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。it suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that(4)语法填空。Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go _strike.Her brother was struck_heart di
28、sease when he was thirty.On hearing the girl _(strike)by a truck has been sent to hospital by an ambulance,many people volunteered to donate blood.China has promised not to use the nuclear weapon unless _(strike)by the atom bombs.onwithstruckstruck(5)一词多义。He struck me as a very serious but friendly
29、person._A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this morning._At this point,it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time._One cannot but be struck by the enthusiasm of the representatives present._给给印象；让印象；让觉得觉得侵袭，袭击侵袭，袭击突然想到，猛地意识到突然想到，猛地意识到被感动，被打动被感动，被打动8 resist vt.抵抗;对抗
30、;抵制;忍耐(1)resist sb/sth 抵抗/抵制某人/某物resist doing sth 抵制做某事cant/couldnt resist doing sth 禁不住做某事(2)resistance n.抗拒;反对(3)resistant adj.抵抗的,反抗的be resistant to 对有抵抗力【活学活用】(1)They resisted my proposal because they thought the plan would cost too much money.他们反对我提出的计划,因为他们认为这个计划花钱太多。(2)As the coat was a barga
31、in at such a low price,I couldnt resist the temptation to buy it.因为这件外套售价实在便宜,我抵不住诱惑买了下来。(3)The public are strongly resistant to(=_)the new law before it comes into use.这项新法规还未实施就已经遭遇公众的强烈抵制。strongly resist(4)语法填空。This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have a natural resistan
32、ce_it.We came up against a great deal of _(resist)in dealing with the case.The body may be less _(resist)if it is cold.I couldnt resist _(laugh)when I heard the joke.toresistanceresistantlaughing1 pay off 得到好结果,取得成功(常用主动语态);偿清债款pay for 为付款;为付出代价pay back 还钱;报复pay a visit to 拜访pay attention to 注意短语储存【
33、活学活用】(1)Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.桑德拉决心成为医生,她的坚持取得了成功。(2)It took Tom five months to pay off the bill he owed the baker.汤姆花了五个月时间还清了他欠面包商的账单。(3)It was the determination and patience of the scientists _in 1996 with a breakthrough.正是决心和耐心使得科学家们于1996年取得了突破性的成功
34、。that paid off(4)用pay相关短语的适当形式填空。It has been rather costly to install the machine,but it should _in the long run.Loss of health is too high a price to _success in your studies.I am sure that he will _every cent he owes you.pay offpay forpay back2 cast down vt.扔掉;推翻;使下降;使沮丧(1)cast down ones eyes 垂下眼帘
35、be/feel cast down 感到沮丧(2)cast/put/throw sb into prison 把某人投进监狱cast light upon=throw light on 使容易理解【活学活用】(1)The manager cast down his newspaper when he saw the quotation of his speech.当经理看见报纸上引用了他的讲话时,他把报纸扔掉了。(抛下,丢下)(2)The little girl cast down her eyes in shame.那个小女孩儿羞愧地垂下目光。(降低,使向下)(3)In making sci
36、entific experiments,one should not _by temporary setbacks.进行科学实验时,不应因为暂时的挫折就垂头丧气。(使沮丧)be cast down(4)用cast相关短语的适当形式填空。Sylvias been _ever since her mother became so ill.Can anybody _how this chair got broken?Toms brother was _because of murder,and he will be in prison for thirty years.cast downcast l
37、ight uponcast into prison3 in good/poor condition状况很好/坏;情况很好/坏in condition(=fit/healthy)健康;状况好out of condition 状况欠佳on condition(that)在条件下;倘若on no condition 一点儿也不;决不(放在句首时,用部分倒装语序)温馨提示 condition指人或物自身的状况时,常用作不可数名词;指周围的环境、境况、条件时,常用复数形式。on no condition置于句首时句子用部分倒装。【活学活用】(1)The car has been well maintai
38、ned and is in good condition.这辆车一直保养得很好,车况极佳。(2)If you spare half an hour for exercise every day,youll soon be back in condition.如果你每天进行半小时锻炼,你很快就会恢复健康。(3)On no condition _to do that to your parents.在任何情况下,你都不被允许那样对你父母。are you allowed(4)用condition的相关短语填空。You must _tell him what happened.Ill let you
39、have the book _you should return it to me next week.He knew that he was _from sitting for so long in the office.on no conditionon condition(that)out of condition4 in favour of 赞成;支持;有利于;主张in praise of 表扬in honour/memory of 纪念in _of 如果,假使 in charge of 掌管in possession of 拥有in consequence of 由于,作为的结果ca
40、se【活学活用】(1)What Im trying to say is that your father changes his mind in favour of the employees.我要说的是,你父亲改变了主意,支持员工。(2)When asked about their opinion about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favour of younger men.当被问及对校长的看法时,许多老师更愿意/宁愿看见他让位给更年轻的人。(3)用in的相关短语填空。All
41、his family are _his decision to work in the western area after graduation.While reading,_coming across new words,youd better guess their meanings rather than refer to the dictionary.Mary told me that she was _some lovely jewels.They had to move to another city _the typhoon.in favour ofin case ofin p
42、ossession ofin consequence of1 The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.她看来是在正常地成长着,这个事实非常令人鼓舞。句型公式the fact that的事实句型透视【句式点拨】本句是由that引导的一个同位语从句,用于解释和说明fact的内容。引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact,news,message,doubt,possibility,idea,reason,belief,hope,thought,promise,suggestion,quest
43、ion等。引导词有:连接词that,whether;连接代词who,which,what;连接副词where,when,why,how等。温馨提示 使用同位语从句要注意以下两点:(1)同位语从句在句中的位置。一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用于说明该名词所表达的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。如:The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she l
44、eft home.她想起她可能在离开家时没把门关上。(2)同位语从句的语气。在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议,要求,命令”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。如:The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted.主席提出建议,应采纳新规则。【活学活用】(1)I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the cl
45、assroom or talk with them on the telephone.我羡慕他经常在课外与学生聊天或通过电话与学生聊天。(2)Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family,she is never babied by her parents.尽管她是家中的独生女,她父母从不溺爱她。(3)From the loudspeaker came the exciting news _ Beijing University.从扬声器里传来了激动人心的消息:她被北大录取。that she had been admitte
46、d to(4)语法填空。The idea _computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.We are not investigating the question _he is trustworthy.We havent yet settled the question _we are going to spend our summer vacation.He made a suggestion that they_(hold)an English speech contest.thatwhetherwhere(shou
47、ld)hold2 The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果出现了某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。句型公式the advantage is that优势是【句式点拨】The advantage is that意为“其优势是
48、”,that引导表语从句。同类表达还有:The advantage/strength ofis that的优势是;The disadvantage/drawback ofis that的不足/缺点是。【活学活用】(1)The advantage of the emotions is that they lead us astray,and the advantage of science is that it is not emotional.情感的好处就是把我们引入歧途,而科学的好处是不感情用事。(2)The advantage of smiling is that it can not o
49、nly make us happy,but also please others.微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴,还能取悦别人。(3)I like fishing._I can take in fresh air in the open air.我喜欢钓鱼。其优势之一就是我可以呼吸户外的新鲜空气。(4)_of the popularity of cars _it brings about so much air pollution.(drawback)汽车普及的缺点是它带来了很多空气污染。One of its advantages is thatThe drawbackis that.单句填
50、空1.I owe_to him that this collection can be made known to the public.2.The information _(obtain)from the Internet is not always true,so we should be careful to check the facts we find on websites.3.The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist _(take)a close look at them,alth
