1、医学英语心脏医学英语心脏nWhat is the circulatory system?nWhat does the CV system do?nInternal and external anatomynCardiac cyclenHeart soundsnConductive system of the heartnBlood vesselsnDiseases of the CVS医学英语心脏2The Heart and blood vessels together make up the cardiovascular System.nCirculate blood throughout
2、entire body forTransport of oxygen to cellsTransport of CO2 away from cellsTransport of nutrients(glucose)to cellsMovement of immune system components(cells,antibodies)Transport of endocrine gland secretions医学英语心脏3医学英语心脏4nOblique PositionnApex=Left of Midline(5th ICS),Anterior to rest of heartnBase(
3、posterior surface)sits on vertebral columnnSuperior Right=3rd Costal Cartilage,1”right midsternumnSuperior Left=2nd Costal Cartilage,1”left midsternumnInferior Right=6th Costal Cartilage,1”right midsternumnInferior Left=5th Intercostal Space at Midclavicular line医学英语心脏5Serous membraneContinuous with
4、blood vesselsConnective tissEndothilium医学英语心脏6Page 44医学英语心脏7医学英语心脏8LungsBody cellsOur circulatory system is a double circulatory system.This means it has two parts parts.the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.医学英语心脏9Circulat
5、ionCoronary circulation the circulation of blood within the heart.Pulmonary circulation the flow of blood between the heart and lungs.Systemic circulation the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.医学英语心脏10Bicuspid(mitral)Tricuspid (AV)PulmonaryAortic (SL)医学英语心脏11How does the Hear
6、t work?blood from the bodyblood from the lungsThe heart beat begins when theheart muscles relax and bloodflows into the atria.STEP ONE医学英语心脏12The atria then contract andthe valves open to allow bloodinto the ventricles.How does the Heart work?STEP TWO医学英语心脏13How does the Heart work?The valves close
7、to stop bloodflowing backwards.The ventricles contract forcing the blood to leave the heart.At the same time,the atria arerelaxing and once again filling withblood.The cycle then repeats itself.STEP THREE医学英语心脏14医学英语心脏15Copyright 2003 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Benjamin Cummings医学英语心脏16Copy
8、right 2003 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiac output(CO)total vent blood/minAmount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minuteCO=(heart rate HR)x(stroke volume SV)Stroke volume Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction医学英语心脏17S1-What is it?clo
9、sing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves.(closure of the AV valves)The Pulmonic and Aortic valves are openingand blood is being forced into the arteriesS2-What is it?The sounds are because of the closing of the Pulmonic and Aortic valves (closure of the semilunar valves)医学英语心脏18医学英语心脏19Electrocardi
10、ogramnAn electrocardiogram(ECG)is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle.nThe P wave occurs just prior to atrial contraction;the QRS complex occurs just prior to ventricular contraction;and the T wave occurs when the ventricles are recovering from c
11、ontraction.医学英语心脏21Copyright 2003 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Benjamin Cummings医学英语心脏22 Three layers(tunics)Tunic intimaEndotheliumTunic mediaSmooth muscleTunic externaMostly fibrous connective tissue医学英语心脏23Copyright 2003 Pearson Education,Inc.publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 11.5医学英语心
12、脏24nTunica externaOutermost layerelastin and collagenStrengthens,AnchorsnTunica mediaMiddle layerCircular Smooth MuscleVaso-constriction/dilationnTunica intimaInnermost layerEndotheliumMinimize frictionnLumen医学英语心脏25医学英语心脏26Artery/Vein differences（归纳：dtwlv)Arteries(aa.)Veins(vv.)Direction of flowBlo
13、od Away from HeartBlood to HeartPressureHigherLowerWallsTHICKER:Tunica media thicker than tunica externaTHINNER:Tunica externa thicker than tunica mediaLumenSmallerLargerValvesNo valvesValves 医学英语心脏27医学英语心脏28医学英语心脏29医学英语心脏30Coronary artery circulation医学英语心脏31 Pulse pressure wave of blood Monitored a
14、t“pressure points”where pulse is easily palpated医学英语心脏32医学英语心脏33Cardiovascular DiseasesnCardiovascular diseases include those that affect the heart and those that affect the peripheral vascular system.nThe heart and blood vessels may be primarily attacked by these diseases or they may be secondarily
15、 affected as a consequence of another disease.医学英语心脏34Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease(sdosp)nSmokingnDiabetesnObesity nStressnPhysical InactivitynHigh Blood Pressure 140(systolic)/90(diastolic)医学英语心脏35Cardiovascular DiseasesnCoronary Artery Disease(CAD)nEndocarditisnPericarditisnRheumatic Heart DiseasenHypertensionnCardiac ArrhythmianCongestive Heart Failure(CHF)nStrokenArteriosclerosisnAneurysm医学英语心脏36医学英语心脏37
