起搏器适应证心血管疾病大全课件.ppt

1、北京大学人民医院王龙症状症状+记录到的事件记录到的事件病历中的病历中的ECG记录非常重要记录非常重要!可靠的起搏适应证可靠的起搏适应证=1991ACC/AHA指南1998ACC/AHA指南2002ACC/AHA/NASPE指南2007ESC/EHRA指南1993CHRS指南1998CHRS指南2003CSPE共识心脏起搏与ICD指南之路2006CSPE指南（CRT）2006ACC/AHA/ESC指南(SCD)2005ESC指南（CHF）2005ACC/AHA指南2002CHRS/CSPE（ICD）2003CHRS指南1984ACC/AHA指南2008ACC/AHA/HRS指南I I I IIa

2、IIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa

3、 IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII IIaIIbIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII IIaIIbIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIII

4、II I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaII

5、aIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII欧洲2007指南I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIa

6、IIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa

7、 IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbII

8、bIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIII

9、I20082002IIa2002IIa类类1.1.心室率心室率4040次次/分作为临界点并无相关临分作为临界点并无相关临床证据，尤其是对于有心脏增大或左心室床证据，尤其是对于有心脏增大或左心室功能不全的患者功能不全的患者2.EPS2.EPS结果证实逸搏心律起源部位是决定结果证实逸搏心律起源部位是决定安全性的关键因素，阻滞点位于房室结以安全性的关键因素，阻滞点位于房室结以下往往预后不好下往往预后不好升升级级运动时出现的二度或三度AVB，无心肌缺血I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I II

10、aIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII试验证实：试验证实：运动可能诱发房运动可能诱发房室阻滞，如果不是室阻滞，如果不是继发于心肌缺血，继发于心肌缺血，则多由希浦系病变则多由希浦系病变所致，并且预后不所致，并且预后不好，因此需要植入好，因此需要植入起搏器起搏器新新增增强调阻强调阻滞部位滞部位I IIaIIbIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaI

11、Ia IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa

12、IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIb

13、IIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIII

14、IIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII欧洲2007指南I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIII

15、III I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I

16、 I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I I

17、IaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIb

18、IIbIIbIIIIIIIII欧洲2007指南I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa I

19、IbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII*These recommendations are consistent with the“ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.”I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa

20、 IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbII

21、bIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII*These recommendations are consistent with the“ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.”I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb

22、IIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII*These recommendations are consistent with the“ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.”I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbI

23、IbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII IIaIIbIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIVPS-IIVPS-II等研究提示：永久起搏治疗并不总能减少神经心源性晕厥的发生等研究提示：永久起搏治疗

24、并不总能减少神经心源性晕厥的发生指南推荐：指南推荐：起搏不能作为大多数神经心源性晕厥患者的一线治疗。但对某些患者起搏不能作为大多数神经心源性晕厥患者的一线治疗。但对某些患者起搏治疗确实有效，且晕厥发作前无或很少出现前驱症状、发作时伴有复起搏治疗确实有效，且晕厥发作前无或很少出现前驱症状、发作时伴有复杂心动过缓或停搏患者及其他治疗失败的患者可考虑植入起搏器。杂心动过缓或停搏患者及其他治疗失败的患者可考虑植入起搏器。I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbII

25、bIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII症状严重的神经源性晕厥，自发或直立倾斜试验中记录到心动过缓2002IIa2002IIa类类降级降级20082008年年I I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I

26、 IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII IIaIIbIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII

27、IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIa

28、IIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbII

29、bIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII 临床研究证实：外科术后发生一过性房室阻滞的患者将来发生持续性房室阻滞的可能性很大。指南建议：术后出现一过性房室阻滞和遗留的双分支传导阻滞的患者，如发生不明原因的晕厥，应引起重视，新增为起搏器治疗适应证。先天

30、性心脏病外科术后发生的不明原因的晕厥，先天性心脏病外科术后发生的不明原因的晕厥，合并一过性合并一过性CAVB，除外其他原因后，除外其他原因后I I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIII（新增）（新增）I I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIII

31、IIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIb

32、IIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII IIaIIbIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbI

33、IbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIaIIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIII

34、IIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIa

35、IIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa

36、 IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIII I I IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIbIIIIIIIIICEpstein A,et al.ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities.J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:e162.Figure 1.房室阻滞房室阻滞慢性房性心律失常房室同步频率适应NoYes频率适应No心房起搏YesVVIVVIRNoYesVDD频率适应DDDDDDR NoYesNoY

37、esVVIVVIRNoYesYesNo窦房结功能不良窦房结功能不良 NoAAIAAIRDDDRDDDVVIVVIRYesNoYesNoYesNoYesEpstein A,et al.ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities.J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:e162.Figure 2.AVB证据，或可能进展为AVB频率适应房室同步频率适应频率适应窦房结疾病窦缓房室阻滞否是变时功能不全不存在变时功能不全存在/不存在房性快速心律失常：存在房性快速心律失常

38、：不存在DDDR+MPVIIa 类证据等级CDDDR+MPV+ANTITACHYIIb证据等级CAAIRI类证据等级CDDDR+MPVIIa类证据等级C变时功能不全存在/不存在房性快速心律失常：不存在DDDR+MPVI类证据等级C对窦房结疾病，VVIR和VDDR模式不合适且不推荐。如果存在房室阻滞，则AAIR也是不恰当的。ANTITACHY=具有抗心动过速程序的起搏器；MPV=最小心室起搏，包括不同的最小化右心室起搏的程序：包括AVSH，MVP，AAISafer,.欧洲2007指南2008 ACC/AHA/HRS指南ICD亮点1.I C D 一 级 预 防 指 征 接 受 S C D-H e F T 标 准（LVEF35%，NYHA IIIII）2.新增列出遗传性心律失常和某些非缺血性心肌病的ICD适应证3.MADIT II适应证（缺血性心肌病，LVEF 30%，NYHA I）从IIa升为I类4.强调ICD一级预防，针对优化药物治疗、且预期生存1年以上的患者2008 ACC/AHA/HRS指南ICD亮点5.强调在ICD植入前进行独立的危险评估，包括患者的意愿6.鼓励优化程控，以尽可能减少非必要的心室起搏7.无症状心动过缓（尤其夜间）不鼓励植入起搏器8.新增加了电池耗竭前的起搏器/ICD程控