1、Section BGrammar and UsageVocabulary 1.design be designed to do sth 被设计用于做某事be designed for 打算作用；为而设计by design=on purpose 故意地，蓄意地designer n.设计者；谋划者练习：The project _(design)to help the disabled is very popular with them.designed2.expertan expert at/on/in 在方面的专家/行家a computer/medical expert 计算机/医学专家be e
2、xpert at/in(doing)sth.在（做）某事方面在行expertise n.专门技能（知识）expertise in 某方面的专门技能练习：Hes a world expert _ marine mammals.at/on/in3.likelybe likely to do sth.可能做某事It is likely that.可能(as)likely as not 很可能练习：Experts say if you pick something you enjoy,you are more likely _(succeed).to succeed4.performance give
3、/put on a performance 演出；表演perform vt.&vi.表演；履行；执行；表现perform a(n).role in 在中起作用perform ones duty/promise 尽职责/履行诺言perform an operation/experiment 做手术/实验performer n.执行者，实行者；履行者；表演者练习：They gave _(perform)to collect money for the project.performancesLeading inDiscussionHow can teenagers get help from Te
4、enHealthWeb?They can read certain articles about teenagers physical and mental health to find advice on their problems.They can visit the teen health forum.They can post their problems and get advice from health experts and other forum users.Simple sentences2 3 4 6Compound sentences5 8 13Complex sen
5、tences1 7 9 10 11 12Exploring the rulesWorking out the rulesandbutThinking (1)I will have a chat with my friends to get some suggestions.(2)Nowadays,websites are springing up,and I will turn to experts from relevant websites for help.(3)I will consult my teachers because they can give me useful and
6、practical advice.Sentence 1 contains a subject and a verb.Its a simple sentence.Sentence 2 contains two main clauses.Its a compound sentence.Sentence 3 contains one main clause and one subordinate clause.Its a complex sentence.根据句子总结规律根据句子总结规律Grammar 简单句简单句英语的句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句又都是由简单句组成。简单句的五
7、个基本句型：主句系动词表语。My mother is a teacher.主语不及物动词。Time flies.主语及物动词宾语。We like English.主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。He asked me a question.主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语。I found the book interesting.1.1.主语系动词表语主语系动词表语这一句型说明主语是什么或怎么样；谓语动词需用系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。常见的系动词有：be,become,look,seem,appear,get,feel,grow,turn,remain,come,f
8、all,hold,keep,smell,sound,taste等。如：This machine is in good condition.这台机器的状况良好。The garden smells pleasant.这座花园香气宜人。Her ideal has come true.她的理想实现了。2.2.主语不及物动词主语不及物动词这一句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语也没有被动语态，但常带有状语。如：The water is boiling.水开了。The train will leave soon.火车马上就要开了。The gas has given out.煤气用完了。I often
9、 go swimming in summer.我夏天常去游泳。Leaves fall when the autumn wind blows.秋风起，树叶落。3.3.主语及物动词宾语主语及物动词宾语这一句型中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去），否则会视为“句子不完整”。如：He has a sister.他有一个妹妹。I like taking risks.我喜欢冒险。He speaks English very fluently.他英语说得非常流利。4.4.主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语主
10、语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语在这一句型中谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与 for连用的动词有buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find等。间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有 give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass等。如：She brought me a shirt.她给我带来一件衬衣。Pass him the dictionary,please.请将
11、词典递给他。He showed me how to run the machine.他演示给我看怎样操作这台机器。I gave her a book.=I gave a book to her.我给了她一本书。He bought me a pen.=He bought a pen for me.他给我买了一支钢笔。5.5.主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语这一句型中动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语用来补充、说明宾语的情况。宾语补语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、分词和介词短语等充当。常带
12、复合宾语结构的及物动词有：elect,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,make,notice,see,let,smell,start,watch,appoint,believe,call,catch,allow,ask,cause,consider,expect,know,tell,think,want,wish,listen to,look at等。如：We elected him our monitor.我们选他当班长。The news made me happy.那消息使我很高兴。We caught him stealing a watch fr
13、om the counter.我们当场抓住他从柜台里偷手表。注意：简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多的主语，也可能有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。如：China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.中国和中国人民在很多方面以难以置信的速度进步。Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.计算机对人类社会意味着很多东西，并越来越受到人们的重视。并列句并列
14、句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词（短语）连在一起。1.表转折、对比关系常见的表示转折关系的并列连词包括but，yet，while（然而）等。其中，while连接并列句时，两分句之间是对比关系。It often rains in the south,while it seldom rains in the north.在南方经常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。2.表并列、递进或顺承关系常用的表示平行或对等关系的并列连词或短语有and,bothand,not onlybut(also),neithernor等。Not only did he speak
15、 more correctly,but(also)he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。3.表选择关系常用的表示选择关系的并列连词或短语有or,otherwise,or else,either.or.,not.but.等。You must tell me the truth,or you will be punished.你必须说实话，否则你将会受到惩罚。4.表因果关系so，for（表“由于”，一般不放在句首）He must have been caught in the rain,for he is wet all over.他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿
16、了。5.特殊并列连词及并列句（1）when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time.常用于下列句式：be about to do sth when.“正要做某事，这时突然”be on the point of doing sth when.“正要做某事，这时突然”be doing sth when.“正在做某事，这时突然”had done sth when.“刚做了某事，这时突然”He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去学，这时突然刮起了大风。（2）“祈使句a
17、nd/or+陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语在“祈使句+and/or+主谓结构”的结构中，祈使句表示一个条件，and后的句子表示结果。在“名词短语and主谓结构”结构中，名词短语可能表示条件，也可能表示时间，and后的句子表示结果。例如：Give me a chance,and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.给我一个机会，我会还你一个奇迹。Climb to the top of the mountain,and youll get a good view of the city.爬到山顶，你就能看到这座城市的美景。Another five minut
18、es,and Ill finish the composition.再过五分钟，我就把作文写完。A few minutes and they went away.几分钟后他们就走了。复合句复合句1.复合句定义包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词或关系代词引导。主句是一个完整的句子，它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子，它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。2.复合句类型在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：主语从句That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。It is decided t
19、hat the meeting has been put off until next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
20、What worries us most is who let out the secret.最令我们担忧的是谁泄露了秘密。宾语从句Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试。I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我确信美来自内在。We must find out when Mike is coming,so we can book a room for him.我们必须弄清楚迈克什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。表语从句This is what my father h
21、as taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.这就是父亲教我的总是要面对困难，并且抱最大的希望。Go and get your coat.Its where you left it.去把你的大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。The question is whether they will be able to help us with our math.问题是他们能否帮助我们学习数学。同位语从句She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了发生延误的原因。I made a
22、promise to myself that this year,my first year in high school,would be different.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。Evidence has been found through years of study that childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现：儿童早期的睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续存在。状语从句It was not until he told me
23、about it again that I had any idea of it.直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。Although/Though he may be troubled,he always presents a calm smiling face.尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。I cant go with you,as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。He earned so littl
24、e money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于他养不起家。定语从句The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生时是我生命中一个非常艰难的时期。My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那栋房子有个漂亮的花园。The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are bui
25、lt close to each other.这个古老的小镇有狭窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。At last he got the position(that/which)he had
26、 been dreaming of.他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。Mother is preparing lunch,during which time children are playing outside.妈妈在准备午餐，在此期间，孩子们在外面玩。Exercise1.Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).2.We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of co
27、ming true.3.Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together.4.While the suns rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.5.Since I was a kid,Ive considered different jobs I would like to do.6.No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in vari
28、ous activities on Earth Day.简单句简单句主从复合句主从复合句并列句并列句简单句简单句主从复合句主从复合句主从复合句主从复合句7.So,four days later,he called his friend Greg,and the two drove back.8.Depending on which role you choose,you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water,or help to protect valuable local cultures.9.It
29、 doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.10.I truly believe that beauty comes from within.11.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.12.I stopped the ball and kicked it hard back to the playground.并列句并列句简单句简单句主从复合句主从复合句简单句简单句主
30、从复合句主从复合句主从复合句主从复合句After classFinish B11.Your password should be more than eight letters or numbers.This makes it difficult to guess.2.Posts should not give out personal information.They should not include advertisements.3.Describe your problems clearly.Other people can understand them easily.4.The
31、experts will reply to you.They see your posts.5.What do you think of our forum?Let us know.Your password should be at least eight characters long because this makes it difficult to guess.Describe your problems clearly so other people can understand them easily.Posts should not give out personal info
32、rmation and they should not include advertisements.The experts will reply to you as soon as/when/once they see your posts.Let us know what you think of our forum.Finish B2becauseunlesswhy thatbutIf howandThinking 1.Whats Teresas problem?Her parents are always comparing her with her friends and it makes her anxious.2.Whats Jacks advice?He suggests that Teresa should talk with her parents and let them know her feelings.Thank you
