1、Population,Unit 3 language in use,Articles,冠词,Grammar,1. 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使 用，也没有词义，它用在名词 的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。,2. 冠词分为不定冠词a(an) 和定冠词the两种。,一.复习不定冠词的用法,分析 ：a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。,不定冠词的用法,1 Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /,2 There is _ “f” and _ “u” in the word
2、“four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an,分析 ：在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。,不定冠词的用法,1. a, e, i, o, u五个元音字母处于词首 时，未必都是元音音素，u发音 ju:或ju前面用冠词a，u读时 前面用冠词an。,不定冠词的用法,2. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的 字母有：f ef, h eit, l el, n en, r a:, s es, x eks 。 There is an “R” in the word. This is a
3、European country. European词首字母不发音， j是辅 音音素。 This is a one-eyed dog. one w是辅音音素。,不定冠词的用法,3-Why not take _ friend with you? -Thats _ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a,分析 使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是 何人或何物。,不定冠词的用法,4 Take the medicine three times _ day. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 使用不定冠词表示单位，fift
4、y miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次”。,不定冠词的用法,5. English is _language. It is _ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, /,分析 a language意为“一种语言”。language 是可数名词。,不定冠词的用法,6_ steel worker makes steel. A./ B. A C. This D. That,分析 a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表 示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指 钢铁工人们。表示一类有
5、三种方式： A bike is slower than a car. The bike is slower than the car. Bikes are slower than cars.,不定冠词的用法,7 Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./,分析 表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。,不定冠词的用法,8 Mary takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D
6、. one,分析 give, take, have与一些动词名 词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名 词前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look); make a living (promise); take a swim (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile),不定冠词的用法,9 The old woman had_ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this,分析 抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。 It is a great joy to study at this college
7、. This kind of wood can make into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper.,不定冠词的用法,二、复习：定冠词的用法,There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A,分析 文章中第一次出现的可数名词 前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.,定冠词的用法, _ o
8、ld workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,分析 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.,定冠词的用法,3 _ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B. A C. One D. An,分析 序数词前表示顺序时前加the。 Mary is the third to come in.,定冠词的用法,Winter is _
9、 coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so,分析 形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加 the。 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.,定冠词的用法,_ moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun. A. The, the, the B. A, an, a C. The, an, the D. The, the, a,分析 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无 二的物体名词前。,定冠词的用法,W
10、e live in _ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some,分析 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。 The sun rises in the east.,定冠词的用法,_ browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A,分析 the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,定冠词的用法,He will go to see you off at _ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D./,分析 the普通名词
11、构成专有名词。 the United Statesthe United Nations the Peoples Republic of China,定冠词的用法,I was playing _ piano at eight yesterday morning. A. a B./ C. the D. this,分析 play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名 词前加 the。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 表示数量时可用a。 This is a new piano against the wall.,定
12、冠词的用法,10 Our teacher gets up early in _ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an,分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在 句中用作时间状语。 in the afternoon (evening) in the daytime at the beginningin the end,定冠词的用法,11 There is a large ship in _middle of the river. A. a B./ C. the D. any,分析 牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句 中用作地点状语。 on the right (left)/in
13、 the front of in the middle of the meeting / the forest/ at the foot of the hill,定冠词的用法,12 Last night we went to _ cinema. A. the B. a C./ D. those,分析 牢记一些固定搭配： go to the concert (theatre),定冠词的用法,13 _ young should care for and help _ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an,分析 the形容词（形容词名词化） 表
14、示一类人或事物。 the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautiful,定冠词的用法,14 The small town lies on _ Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the,分析 定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。 the Dead Sea / the Black Sea the North China Plain华北平原,定冠词的用法,三. 复习零冠词的用法,不用冠词就叫做零冠词,例1 Paper is made of _ bamboo. A. a B. the C. / D. that,
15、分析 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。 Wood can be made into chairs and tables. Iron is a kind of metal.,零冠词的用法, _ January is the first month of the year. A. The B. A C. / D. That,分析 表示节日、月份的名词前一般 不加the。Spring is coming. He was born in December. 如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。 He was born in the Summer of 1964.,零冠词的用法,
16、We have no classes _ Sundays. A. the B. these C. D. those,分析 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,I studies _English in_ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the,分析 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加 冠词。 learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) in Africa (Europe ),零冠词的用法,They often tak
17、e a walk in _ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C. / D. this,分析 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。 Christmas Day New years Eve National Day Childrens Day Teachers Day Wall Street,零冠词的用法,The thief was thrown into _ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. /,分析 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工 作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,背会下列词组： go to work (college, school,
18、 hospital, church) be in hospital (school, bed, prison) go to school/ go to the school上这所学校 go to bed/ be on the bed东西摆在床上 go to class (be in class)/ be in the class 在教室里,零冠词的用法,He doesnt have _ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. /,分析 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示 “一顿的饭”，可加a。 have a big supper
19、 (nice lunch),零冠词的用法,We go to work by _ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one,分析 表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或by sea (water, air, land) 如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。,零冠词的用法,_ running is good. A. The B. A C. / D. An,分析 动名词前一般不用冠词。 Walking on the moon is difficult. Seeing
20、 is believing.,零冠词的用法,10 These boys play _ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. /,分析 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,11 The students of _ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an,分析 名词数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。 turn to page3/ the third page Lesson One/ the first lesson
21、gate Five/ the fifth Gate,零冠词的用法,12 There is no _ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D. /,分析 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和 no时，均 不再用冠词。 no books, not a book, not any books,零冠词的用法,13 He often works late at _ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all,分析 表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。 at home, in town, at noon
22、, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。,零冠词的用法,14 What does this word mean, _? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father,分析家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。 He is secretary of our lab. Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper. father和mother大写时前不加物主代词，小写时前要加物主代词，如：my father, his moth
23、er。,零冠词的用法,注意： 有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其 意义有所不同。如： 1) at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 2) in class 在上课 in the class 在班级中,3) go to school 去上学 go to the school 到那所学校去 4) go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 到床那边去 5) in front of 在的前面 in the front of 在的前部,1. 表示一类人或事物中的“任何” 一个，相当于汉语中“一”， 但不用于强调数目的概念。 2. 指某人或某物，但不具体说明 是何人或何物
24、。 3. 表示单位 4. 表示“一类”,总结：不定冠词的用法,summary,1. 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前 用a (an)。下次再出现此名词时。 2. 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词 短语限定时 3. 序数词前表示顺序时 4. 形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词 前。 5. 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的 物体名词前。,总结：定冠词的用法,6. 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前 7. 姓氏的复数形式前时,表示一家人 或一姓的夫妇二人 8. the普通名词构成专有名词。 9. play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名 词前加 the。 10. the形容词（形容词名词化） 表示一类人或事物 11. 定冠
25、词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、 湖泊、群岛名称的前面,1. 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词 2. 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the 3. 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词 4. 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词 5. 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日） 之前不加冠词,不用冠词的场合,6. 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的 部门时，名词前不加冠词 7. 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词 8. 表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表 示，该名词前不用冠词。 9. 动名词前一般不用冠词。 10. 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。,11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代 词、名词所有格或any和 no时，均
26、不再 用冠词 12.表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词 组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词 13.家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任 的职务名词前不用冠词,在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们改如何表达呢？这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例：,6，500，431，729,hundred,thousand,million,billion,注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、 十、个向下读。,在英语中对大数的认识：,6，500，431，729,seven hundred and twenty-nine,thousand,million,billion,six billion,five hundred
27、 million,four hundred and thirty-one thousand,hundred,4. Work in pairs. Guess the population of each country in the list. Write the list in order, starting from the largest population.,China the US Australia New Zealand,4,437,000 22,956,000 314,791,000 1370,537,000,Now, listen and check.,5. Read the
28、 chart and answer the questions.,1 Which city had the largest population in 2000? 2 Which citys population will increase fastest from 2000 to 2025?,Tokyo had the largest population in 2000.,Mumbais population will increase fastest from 2000 to 2025.,3 Which will be the larger, the increase in New Yo
29、rks population or in Mexico Citys? 4.Which city / cities do you think will have the biggest population problem? Why?,The increase in Mexicos population will be larger.,The increase in New Yorks population will be smaller.,Exercise,1.Theres no air or water on _ moon. 2. _ Yellow River is _ second lon
30、gest river in _ China. 3. My mother bought me _ very nice bike. I like _ bike very much. 4. Xiao Ming likes playing _ basketball, but he doesnt like playing _ piano.,the,The,the,a,the,/,the,填入正确的冠词,/,5. The students dont have classes in _ afternoon on _ Saturday. 6. I often watch TV in _ evening. 7.
31、 Lets go out for _ walk. 8. What would you like for lunch, _ coffee or _ milk?,the,/,the,a,/,/,填入正确的冠词,1. - Is it _ English dictionary? - Yes, and it is _ useful one. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an 2. Theres _ dictionary on _ desk near the window. A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. the, the 3. _ ea
32、rth we live on is bigger than _ moon. A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the,中考练兵,Write a, an, or the where necessary.,Exercises,Mina is _eighteen-year-old girl. Shes got _brother and _ sister. Mina is _ oldestchild in _ family. _Citywhere shelives is very big. _ population is morethan 10 million
33、. Mina doesnt have _education. She has _ job working in _factory. She hopes that one day she willhave _ chance to go to _ college,an,a,a,the,the,The,The,an,a,a,a,/,Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box,1.Webelieve the schools in Armwick are very good ,and we are workin
34、g to make them even _ 2.The flat is too large for two people,They want to find a_ one . 3.Anna always talk about her idears .I thank she needs to listen _ 4.There are a lot of parks in this city .I think there are _parks in a lot of other cities.,few good much small,good,much,small,few,Free talk,Com
35、plete the diagram showing population problems.,air city countryside crime hospital increase illness water,People move from _ People arrive in _ Problem: Population _,Problems for the enviroment Examples: pollution of _ _ _,Health problems Examples: _ _,the countryside,the city,increases,water; the air,too many illnesses; not enough hospitals,Problem for police Examples: _,crime,Thank you!,
