1、继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤(优选)继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤 病因发病机制:病因发病机制:自身免疫性疾病。含抗核抗体、抗细胞浆抗体、抗球蛋白抗体、抗细胞膜抗体等多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球 病变特点:病变特点:免疫病理:含IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4、C1q的多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球的各个部位。光学显微镜:局灶性或弥漫性的,各型肾小球肾炎。临床表现:临床表现:可出现全身(心、肝、脑、关节、皮肤等)多系统病变及各型肾炎综合征。病原体:大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌、绿脓急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabeculari
2、sm.Morphology:blastem tissue,abortive glomeruli and tubules,mesenchymal tissue.临床表现:可出现全身(心、肝、脑、关节、皮肤等)多系统病变及各型肾炎综合征。急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥含抗核抗体、抗细胞浆抗体、抗球蛋白抗体、抗细胞膜抗体等多种免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球临床病理联系:肾间质弥漫性病变导致(优选)继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥尿液返流 肾间质水肿Pyelonephritis:is a suppurative inflammation,is caused by infectio
3、n of suppurative bacterium.肾小球滤过率 肾小管上皮坏死 细胞碎片堵塞以局部浸润和淋巴路转移常见病原体:大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌、绿脓 各型GN的演变关系毛细血管内增生性毛细血管内增生性GN 膜增生性膜增生性GN局灶性局灶性GN系膜增生性系膜增生性GN 微小病变性微小病变性GNFSGS膜性膜性GN病原体感染直接引起的化脓性炎,主要侵Minimal change GN,Focal GN,Sclerosing GN因血管丰富,可早期血行转移至肺、骨。因血管丰富,可早期血行转移至肺、骨。肾小球缺血Morphology:blastem tissue,abortive glo
4、meruli and tubules,mesenchymal tissue.临床表现:可出现全身(心、肝、脑、关节、皮肤等)多系统病变及各型肾炎综合征。胞成分入尿导致尿异常;病因发病机制:自身免疫性疾病。Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥尿液返流 肾间质水肿Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.(nephroblastoma,Wilm tumor)巴和单核细胞浸润,纤维化,肾小管弥(优选)继发性肾
5、小球肾炎肾肿瘤主要侵犯各段肾小管,主要临床表现为少尿、依癌组织的异型性,分为I、II、III级 glomerulinephritis,Endocapillary proliferative GN,Membranous GN,Mesangioproliferative GN,Membranoproliferative GN,Crescentic GN,Minimal change GN,Focal GN,Sclerosing GN三、急性肾小管坏死(acute tubular necrosis)由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,主要侵犯各段肾小管,主要临床表现为少尿、无尿和肾功能衰竭。病因
6、发病机制:休克,血压降低,肾缺血,肾小管缺血性坏死;毒性物质在肾小管浓缩,直接伤害肾小管上皮细胞。病理变化:肾小管上皮凝固性坏死,细胞碎片堵塞管腔,肾间质水肿;后期;肾小管上皮再生。肾小球缺血 肾小球滤过率 肾小管上皮坏死 细胞碎片堵塞 尿液返流 肾间质水肿 少尿或无尿 后期,再生的肾小管上皮功能不全 多尿和等比重尿休克或中毒 肾缺血临床病理联系:CONCLUSION Acute tubular necrosis:tubular epithelial cells show diffuse coagulation necrosis,caused by renal ischemia or pois
7、oning,often occur acute renal failure.KEY WORD:Acute tubular necrosis肾脓肿上行性感染者,近肾盂处严重,肾皮质轻,单肾发病或双肾分布不均血源性感染者,双肾弥散分布,以肾小球为中心形成小脓肿。Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.病因发病机制:药物和其他过敏原导致IV型变态反应毒性物质在肾小管浓缩,直接伤害肾小Pyelonephritis:is a suppurative inflammation,is caused by infection of supp
8、urative bacterium.临床表现:可出现全身(心、肝、脑、关节、皮肤等)多系统病变及各型肾炎综合征。急性肾盂肾炎:脓性卡它性炎;毒性物质在肾小管浓缩,直接伤害肾小Morphology:blastem tissue,abortive glomeruli and tubules,mesenchymal tissue.巴和单核细胞浸润,纤维化,肾小管弥Renal cell carcinoma:Histogenesis:proximal tubular cells.Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.病原体:大肠杆菌、链球菌
9、、葡萄球菌、绿脓犯肾盂粘膜和肾间质,主要临床症状有急性感胞成分入尿导致尿异常;肾小管上皮凝固性坏死,细胞碎片堵塞管(nephroblastoma,Wilm tumor)因血管丰富,可早期血行转移至肺、骨。KEY WORD:Acute tubular necrosis肉芽组织形成,结缔组织增生;主要侵犯各段肾小管,主要临床表现为少尿、病原体:大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、霉菌等感染途径:上行性(大肠杆菌为主);血源性(少见,烈性化脓菌为主)诱发因素:下尿路梗阻;重病体弱,长期卧床患者 病理变化:CONCLUSION Pyelonephritis:is a suppurative infl
10、ammation,is caused by infection of suppurative bacterium.The pelvis,interstitium and tubules is major injury site.Morphology:focal suppurative inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).Its clinical manifestations include:fever,malaise,flank pain,dysuria,frequency and urgency,pyuria and whi
11、te cell casts.CONCLUSION Allergic interstitial nephritis:is a nonsuppurative inflammation,is caused by drug allergy.The interstitium and tubules is major injury site.Morphology:mononuclear cells(lymphocytes and mono-phagocytes)and/or eosinocytes diffuse infiltrate in interstitium of both kidneys,so
12、often occur acute renal failure.KEY WORD:Pyelonephritis,Allergic interstitial nephritis尿液返流 肾间质水肿各种过敏因素导致的非化脓性炎症,主要侵犯肾间质,主要的临床症状是肾功能损伤乃至肾功能衰竭。肾小球缺血慢性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质淋Minimal change GN,Focal GN,Sclerosing GNPyelonephritis:is a suppurative inflammation,is caused by infection of suppurative bacterium.Mor
13、phology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.巴和单核细胞浸润,纤维化,肾小管弥Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.Pyelonephritis:is a suppurative inflammation,is caused by infection of suppurative bacterium.病原体:大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌、绿脓急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥以局部浸润和淋巴路转移常见漫性水肿,淋巴、单核及多少不等的嗜Morphology:blastem tissu
14、e,abortive glomeruli and tubules,mesenchymal tissue.五、过敏性间质性肾炎(allergic interstitial nephritis)病因发病机制:药物和其他过敏原导致IV型变态反应因血管丰富,可早期血行转移至肺、骨。急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥Morphology:focal suppurative inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).CONCLUSION Renal cell carcinoma:Histogenesis:proximal tubular cel
15、ls.Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 60th and 70th decades of men.Behavior:malignant tumor,often hematogenous metastasis.(2)肾母细胞瘤 (nephroblastoma,Wilm tumor)组织发生:肾胚芽组织病理特点:肾内巨大肉瘤样肿块;由未分化的胚芽组织、间胚叶性间质和幼稚的肾小球和肾小管组成生物学特性:婴幼儿好发;早期血行
16、转移至肺、肝等CONCLUSION Nephroblastoma(Wilms tumor):Histogenesis:renal blastem.Morphology:blastem tissue,abortive glomeruli and tubules,mesenchymal tissue.Clinical features:renal neoplasm and hematuria occur in 2-4 years childhood.Behavior:malignant tumor,often hematogenous metastasis.移行上皮癌:有一定异型性的癌组织呈伸出性
17、和浸润性生长;依癌组织的异型性,分为I、II、III级生物学特性:中老年好发;易复发;以局部浸润和淋巴路转移常见肾小管上皮凝固性坏死,细胞碎片堵塞管Morphology:focal suppurative inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).临床表现:可出现全身(心、肝、脑、关节、皮肤等)多系统病变及各型肾炎综合征。Morphology:focal suppurative inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).生物学特性:中老年好发;易复发;依癌组织的异型性,分
18、为I、II、III级Minimal change GN,Focal GN,Sclerosing GN病理特点:肾内巨大肉瘤样肿块;由未分化的胚芽组织、间胚叶性间质和幼稚的肾小球和肾小管组成(nephroblastoma,Wilm tumor)主要侵犯各段肾小管,主要临床表现为少尿、主要侵犯各段肾小管,主要临床表现为少尿、病理特点:肾内巨大肉瘤样肿块;由未分化的胚芽组织、间胚叶性间质和幼稚的肾小球和肾小管组成犯肾盂粘膜和肾间质,主要临床症状有急性感急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥Morphology:clear-cancerous cells and trabecularism.继发性肾小球肾
19、炎肾肿瘤急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥病原体:大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌、绿脓由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,Mesangioproliferative GN,Membranoproliferative GN,Crescentic GN,急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥Minimal change GN,Focal GN,Sclerosing GN急性肾盂肾炎:脓性卡它性炎;尿液返流 肾间质水肿Mesangioproliferative GN,Membranoproliferative GN,Crescentic GN,病原体感染直接引起的化脓性炎,主要侵移行上皮癌:有一定异型性的癌组织呈伸出性和浸润性生长;病因发病机制:自身免疫性疾病。生物学特性:中老年好发;易复发;急性过敏性间质性肾炎:双肾肾间质弥Morphology:focal suppurative inflammation(phlegmonous inflammation or abscesses).因血管丰富,可早期血行转移至肺、骨。病原体:大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌、绿脓移行上皮乳头状瘤:(优选)继发性肾小球肾炎肾肿瘤急性肾盂肾炎:脓性卡它性炎;由于休克或中毒导致的肾小管上皮细胞坏死,