1、01 Vocabulary1.react react to sth.(by doing sth.)（通过做某事）对某事/物作出反应react to.对过敏react with sth.与某物发生化学反应reaction n.反应、回应；化学反应（常与介词to连用）练习：In the past,there was often an automatic _(react)to increased traffic:just widen the roads.reaction2.suit suit ones needs/tastes满足某人的需要/适合某人的口味suit sth.to 使某物适合suite
2、d adj.合适，适宜，适当（不用于名词前）be suited for/to 适宜suitable adj.合适的，适宜的unsuitable adj.不合适的be suitable for.适合be unsuitable for.不适合练习：People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited _ communications and trade.for/to3.negotiationnegotiate(with sb.)about/for sth.就某事（和某人）谈判negoti
3、ate a deal/contract/settlement达成交易/确立合同/商定解决措施enter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb.和某人开始/展开/进行谈判in negotiation with sb.与某人协商under negotiation 在协商中练习：They agreed to try to settle their dispute by _(negotiate).negotiation4.approveapprove of sb./sth.赞成/同意某人/某事approve of(sb.s/sb.)doing sth.赞成/同意
4、（某人）做某事approve of wh-从句 同意/赞成approval n.赞成，同意；批准，认可in approval赞同地（常作状语）give approval to 批准win/obtain ones approval得到某人的赞同disapprove vi.&vt.不赞成，反对disapprove(of)不赞成/反对练习：She wanted to train for the theatre but her parents _(approve)of her intention.disapproved5.sympathyout of sympathy(for.）出于（对的）同情fee
5、l/express/show sympathy(for sb.)（对某人）感到/表达同情sympathetic adj.同情的，有同情心的feel/be sympathetic to/towards 同情sympathetically adv.同情地sympathize vt.&vi.同情sympathize with 同情练习：After hearing her story,he _(对她感到同情)and decided to help her out.felt sympathetic for her02 Leading in1.What does the quote from Epicte
6、tus mean?I think the quote indicates that in communication,listening is more important than speaking.The quote encourages people to be good listeners and suggests we should listen more and try to understand others,rather than rushing to share our own ideas first.2.What is the basic purpose of commun
7、ication and how can you achieve that?I think the basic purpose of communication is to understand each other.This can be achieved by clearly stating ones opinions,carefully listening to the other person and most importantly,respecting each other.Davids problem:He never really listens to what Jack is
8、saying and only thinks of himself.Jacks problem:He cannot get David to listen to what he is saying and gets angry with David for not listening to him.What would you do if you were David or Jack?If I were David,I would pay more attention to Jacks responses and interruptions.By doing that,I would be m
9、ore aware that he is not able to have a conversation with me about my holiday ideas,because he needs to go to football practice.If I were Jack,I would wait for David to finish speaking instead of constantly interrupting him.In that way,David might become aware that he is having a one-sided conversat
10、ion.If David stopped talking,I could let him know what I think of his ideas and that I must leave for football practice.What kinds of communication problems have you encountered?I can mention three communication problems I have encountered.First,we sometimes finish off the other persons sentences or
11、 interrupt him or her by saying,I know exactly what you mean.,and then go on to tell him or her our own ideas.We might be correct in guessing the message,but it is not polite to the other person.Second,we are sometimes not aware of the cultural differences in communication.Nowadays most of us live i
12、n multicultural societies,and not understanding peoples cultural backgrounds in communication might cause miscommunication or offence.Third,we might not be direct when communicating and fail to provide clarification when necessary.The result is that others could be confused about what we mean and tr
13、y to read our mind.In this case,confusion and misunderstandings will occur.0 3 W h i l e-r e a d i n gDo you think you are an effective communicator?Why or why not?Yes,I think I am a good communicator because I am an active listener.I ask questions to show I am interested in what the other person is
14、 talking about.I also pay attention to non-verbal cues,like body language.These cues let me know how the other person feels,and I can respond appropriately to show them that I am engaged in the conversation.No,I do not think I am good at communicating.I am shy and often feel that I have nothing inte
15、resting to say.I usually only feel comfortable talking to my family and close friends,but even then,I just let them do most of the talking.I dont like to look at peoples eyes when they are talking to me,so I suppose I often miss out on a lot of non-verbal cues.How do you think you could sharpen your
16、 communication skills?I can sharpen my communication skills by following some basic tips.First,I should be clear when expressing my ideas,so that people understand me without confusion.Second,I must practise listening skills,because being a good listener is part of being a good communicator.I will t
17、ry to avoid interrupting or distracting myself with other things.Third,I should appear confident when talking to others,even if I dont actually feel so.People are more willing to pay attention to a confident speaker,and this will in turn boost my confidence and enhance my communication ability.Para.
18、2:Messages are encoded by the sender and decoded by the receiver and the cycle is repeated until the communication ends.Para.3:You need to know with whom you are communicating and determine what communication channel and style to use.Para.4:Your body language should support your message,and you shou
19、ld take note of the other persons body language so that you know how the conversation is going.Para.5:Put yourself in the other persons shoes and adjust your communication to show you understand their points of view.1.What is communication?Communication is the exchange of information between a sende
20、r and a receiver.2.What information can help you determine how best to communicate with others?You need to know with whom you are communicating.What is their age or job position?What is their relationship to you?What expectations and cultural background do they have?3.Why should you pay attention to
21、 the other persons body language?Thats because it reveals a lot about the other persons thoughts and attitudes.4.How can you seek to understand the other persons emotions?We can understand the other persons emotions by putting ourselves in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspect
22、ive.1.What is the function of paragraph 2?It is a link between the preceding and the following paragraphs.Paragraph 2 responds to paragraph 1 and explains what communication is.It also highlights the complexity of the process of communication,which implies that misunderstandings or ineffective commu
23、nication is seemingly unavoidable in most cases.So,it is necessary to explore how to achieve effective communication,which leads to the main body of the lecture transcript.2.Why does the author ask a series of what questions in paragraph 3?The author uses the what questions to emphasize the importan
24、ce of knowing with whom we are communicating.And more importantly,these factors,to a large extent,define the way we communicate with others.3.How does the author achieve coherence between paragraphs 2 and 3,and paragraphs 4 and 5 respectively?The author applies different cohesive devices to make her
25、 ideas easy to understand.First,the author connects paragraphs 2 and 3 by using reference when she states this communication process in paragraph 3,thus referring to communication in paragraph 2.Second,the author uses the conjunction while at the beginning of paragraph 5,which implies a connection t
26、o the content in paragraph 4.4.What is the authors purpose of having this lecture?The author intends to explain the process of communication as well as the key aspects leading to effective communication through this lecture.The author encourages readers to recognize the importance of effective commu
27、nication and to practise the skills mentioned in her lecture in their daily conversations.1.How can we apply the ideas mentioned in the lecture transcript to cross-cultural communication?Give some examples.Its important to learn about another persons cultural background when communicating.You should
28、 find out about any communication norms related to age,job and so on,because they may differ from culture to culture.For example,certain cultures often have varying ways of addressing older people,or someone who holds a higher position in an organization.Body language reveals a lot about you:your cu
29、lture,thoughts and attitudes.For example,if you use steady eye contact during communication to show that you are attentive,sometimes the other person may consider it as disrespectful and will feel uncomfortable.For this reason,cues that may cause confusion should be avoided and imitating the others
30、body language could prevent any offence.Besides,you should not only be aware of the differences in body language in the other persons culture,but also ensure that your own body language is not misinterpreted.The value of empathy should not be understated too.It can bridge the gap because even though
31、 we may be different,humans generally express the same emotions.So,if we are interacting with a foreigner,we will still easily notice if they are,for example,happy or sad.We can then adjust our own body language to show them how we feel about their emotions.We could smile to share their happiness or
32、 gently wrinkle our brows to show concern.2.What other suggestions can you give on how to become an effective communicator?We can become effective communicators by understanding and respecting other peoples opinions while expressing our own in an open and honest way.Effective communicators focus on
33、expressing their opinions in an appropriate way,rather than winning an argument or forcing their opinions on others.Another way to become effective communicators is to get more practice.Practice makes perfect.Whether we practise alone or seek out more conversation opportunities,regularly speaking wi
34、ll magnify our communication strengths and weaknesses and allow great communication habits to develop.0 4 A f t e r-r e a d i n greacting tonesaccounts forobtainfeedbackgentle clarifyapprove ofcommunicate+adv.:communicate clearly;communicate directly;communicate verbally;communicate openlycommunicat
35、e+n.:communicate an idea;communicate a message;communicate an emotion;communicate informationadj.+communication:effective communication;regular communication;poor communication;written communicationcommunication+n.:communication skills;communication problems;communication styles;communication breakdownv.+communication:influence communication;establish communication;maintain communication;enhance communicationThank you
