1、专升本语法专题二数词基本作用英语的数词可以分为基数词和序数词两大类。数词的基本作用有两个:一、作限定词,与名词一起构成词组。如:one banana、the first time、the second longest river。二、用作名词词组的中心词,与其他的限定词一起构成名词词组,在句子中充当主语、宾语、主语补足语、同位语和状语。基本作用作主语:Two of the students are absent today.作宾语:She only likes one of the books given by her father.作主语补足语/表语:Ten divided by two i
2、s fine./Shes only seventeen.作同位语:We three are all willing to help you.作状语:The yellow river is the second longest river in China.注意的问题一、序数词和基数词。five fifth、twelve twelfth、twenty twentieth基数词变序数词。其规律为:1、2、3特殊记,加th从4起;(first、second、third、fourth)8少t、9去e,千万别忘记;(eighth、ninth)逢5逢12,f 要把ve替;(fifth、twelfth)20
3、到90,y要变ie;(twentieth、ninetieth)若是几十几,前基后序别倒位;(ninety-first)21-99的两位数,在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成:56 fifty-six注意的问题二、顺序(编号)表示法。一般来说,编号有两种表示法:1、事物名词+基数词 2、定冠词the+序数词+事物名词例:第一次世界大战 World War One/the first World War;304教室 Room 304三、序数词的一个特殊用法。the first/last to do sth 第(最后)一个做sth的人My mother is always the first to g
4、et up and the last to go to bed in my family.数词考点大盘点数词在考试中虽然不像其它词类那么“热”,但也有其考查的重点和难点,须引起同学们的注意。一、考查基数词的用法 1、基数词hundred、thousand、million等表示确切数目时,其词尾不能加-s,其前面可用数词或several、some等修饰;当表示笼统数目时,其词尾要加-s,可跟of连用,其前不能用数词,但可以用several、some等修饰。数词考点大盘点【原题再现】_ people in the world are sending information by e-mail ev
5、ery day.A.Several millionB.Many millions C.Several millionsD.Many million【解析】million前可用several修饰,此时其后不能加-s,many不能修饰million。表达“几百万”也可用millions of。答案为A。数词考点大盘点2、dozen和score的用法要注意以下几点:1)dozen与数词或many、several等连用时,不加-s,所修饰的名词前常省去of。如:two(many,several)dozen pencils。但是,在a dozen of these/those people,two do
6、zen of them等短语中应加of,这是习惯用法。2)two score of people中应加of,但在three score and ten people(70人)中,不加of。3)表示“几十;许多”时,可使用dozens of;scores of形式。数词考点大盘点【原题再现】Mr.Smith _ me to buy several _ eggs for the dinner party.A.asked;dozen B.suggested;dozens of C.had;dozenD.persuaded;dozens【解析】dozen前有具体数字或some,several等修饰时要
7、用单数形式;have作使役动词时,应该用省略to的动词不定式作宾补。答案为A。数词考点大盘点3、注意年龄、年代的表达法。表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in ones+逢十的基数词复数”;表达“在几十年代”时,用“in the+逢十的基数词复数”。数词考点大盘点【原题再现】It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education.A.90s;theB.the 90s;/C.90s;theirD.the 90s;their【解析】根据题意,第一空应表示“年代”;第二空表示“在50
8、多岁的时候”。答案为D。数词考点大盘点二、考查序数词的用法 序数词一般由基数词+th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加eth。如twentieth;fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有:first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一;又一”时,前面要用不定冠词a(an)。数词考点大盘点【原题再现】The cakes are delicious.Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather to
9、o small.A.a;a B.the;the C.a;the D.the;a【解析】从句意可知,第一空表示“再一”,应填a;第二空表示顺序“第二”,应填the。答案为C。数词考点大盘点三、考查分数和百分数的用法 表示几分之几或百分之几的人或物时,须在分数或百分数和人或物之间加of。若充当主语,谓语动词的数须与of后的名词保持一致。数词考点大盘点【原题再现】_ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;isB.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;isD.Two fifths;a
10、re【解析】“五分之二”应为“two fifths”;land是不可数名词,谓语动词应使用单数形式。答案为C。数词考点大盘点四、考查倍数的表达法 英语中表达倍数常用下列句型:1.A is three/four.times the size/height/length/width.of B.2.A is three/four.times as big/high/long/wide.as B.3.A is three/four.times bigger/higher/longer/wider.than B.用times表示倍数时,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数,表示两倍常用twice或double。数词考点大盘点【原题再现】It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe.A.as twiceB.twice much C.twice much asD.twice as much【解析】倍数应位于as.as结构之外。答案为D。