1、第二部分第二部分 语法专题语法专题专题十二专题十二 主谓一致主谓一致精讲必备考点精讲必备考点考点一考点一 主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致的基本原则考点二考点二 主谓一致的应用主谓一致的应用考点三考点三 谓语动词既可以用单数又可以用复数谓语动词既可以用单数又可以用复数主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫作主谓一致。考点一 主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致遵循的三个基本原则主谓一致遵循的三个基本原则原则原则例句例句语法一致语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。He is a boy.他是一名男孩。They are boys.他们是男孩。意义一致意义一致主语形式上是单数，但表
2、达复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为生。Physics is difficult to learn.物理很难学。原则原则例句例句就近一致就近一致谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。下列短语连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致：either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also.，not.but.等。there be句型中的主语为并列成分时，be的形式同离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。Either he or I am right.或者
3、他或者我是正确的。Neither I nor he is right.我和他都不对。Not only Tom but also his parents are interested in the computer game.不只汤姆，连他的父母也对电脑游戏感兴趣。There is a book,two pens and three pencil-boxes on the desk.书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三个铅笔盒。考点二 主谓一致的应用.谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数的原则谓语动词用单数的原则原则原则例句例句可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时The ball is under t
4、he desk.球在书桌下。The water is very hot.水很热。“more than one+单数名词”或“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时More than one shop was stolen last night.昨天晚上，不只一家商店被盗。“a+单数名词+or two”作主语时A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。原则原则例句例句“many a+单数名词”作主语时Many a student was late for school this morning.今天早晨，许多学生上学迟到了。“many
5、 a/no/each/every+单数名词+and+many a/no/each/every+单数名词”作主语时Many a boy and many a girl has handed in their books.许多男孩和女孩已经上交了他们的书。Every boy and every girl likes the film star.所有的男孩和女孩都喜欢这位电影明星。“a kind/sort/type/series of+名词”作主语时A new series of reading for children has been published.一套新的儿童读物出版了。原则原则例句例句
6、the number of.或the population of.作主语时The number of students in our school is 1,000.我们学校的学生人数是1000。一个人身兼两种身份时The teacher and writer is very famous.那位老师兼作家很有名。all作主语指代物时All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都已经做了。复合不定代词（如anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing等）作主语时Everybody
7、likes his poems.所有的人都喜欢他的诗。原则原则例句例句主语是单数形式，后接as well as，（together）with，like，expect，but，along with等词或词组时He,like you,is very kind.他像你一样，非常善良。No one except you and me knows it.除了你和我，没有人知道这件事。each，either，neither，another，(a)little或much作主语或修饰主语时Much of what you say is true.你说的许多话是真的。Neither answer is corr
8、ect.两个答案都不对。时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语时Ten miles isnt a long distance.十英里并非一段很长的距离。原则原则例句例句运算数词作主语时Five minus four is one.5减4等于一。两个单数名词用and连接表示一个概念或不可分的整体（即and后面无冠词）作主语时Bread and butter is their daily food.奶油和面包是他们的日常食物。A knife and fork has been put on the table.桌上已经摆好了一副刀叉。主语从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语时When and how
9、to do it is a problem.什么时候怎样做是一个问题。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。注意：1.“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。2.“分数+the number of.”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Two thirds of the number of our school are boys.我们学校2/3的人数是男生。3.时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词作主语，若强调若干个个别单位而非
10、整体概念时，谓语动词可用复数。这时多与pass，go by，waste，use，spend等词连用。Five years have passed since I joined the Party.我入党五年了。4.两个或两个以上的主语从句、动词不定式、动名词作主语，表示复数概念或意义时，谓语动词用复数。What he says and what he does dont agree.他所说的和他所做的不一致。Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure.夏天游泳，冬天滑冰是他最大的乐趣。.谓语动词用复数谓语
11、动词用复数谓语动词用复数的原则谓语动词用复数的原则原则例句集合名词或表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，cattle，crew等作主语时People are enjoying themselves over there.人们在那儿玩得正开心。原则例句由两部分构成的物体的复数名词如shoes，trousers，jeans，gloves，glasses，scissors等作主语时His trousers are of good quality.他的裤子质量很好。两个由and或both.and连接的单数名词或代词（且两个名词前都有冠词）作主语时The writer and the po
12、em come from the same place.这位作家和这位诗人来自同一个地方。Both my father and I are doctors.我和我爸爸都是医生。“the+形容词过去分词”结构作主语指代一类人时The wounded have been taken good care of.伤者得到了很好的照顾。The poor are to be helped.穷人将受到帮助。原则例句“the+姓氏的复数”作主语时The Greens are watching TV.格林一家人正在看电视。表示复数的不定代词（如both，few，a few，many，several等）作主语时A
13、 few girls are standing under the tree.一些女孩正站在那棵树下。两个形容词共同修饰一个单数名词且两个形容词前都有冠词时The red and the white coat are mine.那件红色上衣和那件白色上衣是我的。【典例精析】1.A number of tourists _ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city.have been toB.has been toC.has gone toD.have gone to解析：句子的主语为“a number of+名词”，所以谓语
14、动词要用复数，且根据句中的many times可知，设空处想要表达的是“去过且已经回来了”。2.Maths _ my favourite subject,what about you?Physics _.I think its very interesting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;is答案：A。解析：maths和physics虽然都是复数形式，但表示的却是单数意义，指数学和物理两门学科。因此它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。答案：A。3.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A.areB.i
15、sC.wereD.was解析：该句的谓语动词要根据except前面的主语来确定。其前的主语为everyone，所以，谓语动词用单数。根据从句的谓语动词began可知，句子要用一般过去时。4.There _ a basketball game in our school this evening.A.is going to have B.will have C.will is D.will be答案：D。解析：根据句中的时间状语this evening可知，句子要用一般将来时。there be结构的将来时形式有there will be和there is going to be两种。答案：D。考
16、点三 谓语动词既可以用单数又可以用复数1.“分数+名词”和“百分数+名词”短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与其后面的名词保持一致。Three fourths of the earth is covered by sea.地球表面的3/4被海洋覆盖。2.“a lot of/lots of/some of/all of/half of/the rest of+名词（短语）”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词（短语）保持一致。Most of her time spends in listening to music.她的大部分时间花在听音乐上。Lots of the boys in our sc
17、hool like basketball.我们学校大部分男生喜欢打篮球。3.集体名词，如family，team，group，class，audience等作主语时，若强调集体，谓语动词用单数；若强调成员，谓语动词用复数。Class One has a computer.一班有一台电脑。Class One are having a test.一班的学生正在考试。4.代词none作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人的意思确定单数或复数。None of them is a Party member.=None of them are Party numbers.他们都不是党员。5.such作为代词作主语时，谓语动词与其所指代的成分保持一致。Such is the result.这就是结果。“I have never seen such an interesting movie.”such were his words.“我从未看过这么有趣的电影。”这是他说的。
