1、LOGO-第第3 章章描述性统计学描述性统计学 Descriptive Statistics:Tabular and Graphical MethodsAdd your company slogan-品质数据汇总 数量数据汇总 探索性数据分析:茎叶图 交叉分组列表和散点图Contents-相对频数相对频数百分数百分数饼状图饼状图条形图条形图频数分布频数分布.-举重举重 射击射击 射击射击 跳水体操体操乒乓跳水体操体操乒乓球举重球举重乒乓球羽毛球举重乒乓球羽毛球乒乓球羽毛球举重乒乓球羽毛球举重举重跳水跳水跳水乒乓球举重举重跳水跳水跳水乒乓球跳水射击体操羽毛球柔道柔道跳水射击体操羽毛球柔道柔道举重
2、田径羽毛球跆拳道举重田径羽毛球跆拳道中国体育代表团在悉尼中国体育代表团在悉尼奥运会上获金牌的项目奥运会上获金牌的项目STATSTAT统计学统计学第二章第二章 统计数据统计数据-获金牌项目获金牌项目金牌数金牌数 占总数比例占总数比例跳水枚跳水枚 0.1786举重枚举重枚 0.1786乒乓球枚乒乓球枚 0.1429羽毛球枚羽毛球枚 0.1429体操枚体操枚 0.1071射击枚射击枚 0.1071柔道枚柔道枚 0.0714田径枚田径枚 0.0357跆拳道枚跆拳道枚 0.0357品质数列品质数列STATSTAT统计学统计学第二章第二章 统计数据统计数据-获金牌项目获金牌项目金牌数金牌数 占总数比例占总
3、数比例跳水枚跳水枚 0.1786举重枚举重枚 0.1786乒乓球枚乒乓球枚 0.1429羽毛球枚羽毛球枚 0.1429体操枚体操枚 0.1071射击枚射击枚 0.1071柔道枚柔道枚 0.0714田径枚田径枚 0.0357跆拳道枚跆拳道枚 0.0357变量值变量值x次数次数 f频率频率f/fSTATSTAT统计学统计学第二章第二章 统计数据统计数据-圆形图（饼图圆形图（饼图 Pie）STATSTAT统计学统计学第二章第二章 统计数据统计数据-STATSTAT统计学统计学第二章第二章 统计数据统计数据圆形图（饼图圆形图（饼图 Pie）-STATSTAT统计学统计学第二章第二章 统计数据统计数据圆
4、形图（饼图圆形图（饼图 Pie）-v Bar Charts条状图条状图 Bar charts provide an alternative to pie charts.The frequency(or relative frequency)of each category is represented by a vertical bar.v Example 2.3-continued(Excel representation)Histogram0102030405060708012345M or eAreaFrequencyFrequency7352366428-STATSTAT统计学统计学第
5、二章第二章 统计数据统计数据条形图（条形图（Bar）-田径跆拳道柔道体操射击羽毛球乒乓球跳水举重Count302826242220181614121086420Percent10090807060504030201002334455帕累托图帕累托图Pareto0-80%A类因素类因素80-90%B类因素类因素90-100%C类因素类因素-3.3数值型数据的整理与展示数值型数据的整理与展示v Frequency Distribution频数分布v Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distributions相对频数和百分数v Dot Plot打点图
6、v Histogram直方图v Cumulative Distributions累计分布图v Ogive穹形图-某年级某年级83名女生身高资料名女生身高资料 身高身高 人数人数（CM）（人）（人）152 1 154 2 155 2 156 4 157 1 158 2 159 2 160 12 161 7 162 8 163 4 身高身高 人数人数（CM）（人）（人）164 3 165 8 166 5 167 3 168 7 169 1 170 5 171 2 172 3 174 1总计总计 83 变量值变量值x次数次数f单值（项）数列单值（项）数列-身高身高 人数人数 比重比重 （CM）（人）
7、（人）（%）150-155 3 3.61 155-160 11 13.25 160-165 34 40.96 165-170 24 28.92 170以上以上 11 13.25 总计总计 83 100某年级某年级83名女生身高资料名女生身高资料组距数列组距数列次数次数f频率频率f/f-某年级某年级83名女生身高资料名女生身高资料 身高身高 人数人数 （CM）（人）（人）150-155 3 155-160 11 160-165 34 165-170 24 170以上以上 11 总计总计 83组距数列组距数列上组限上组限U下组限下组限L组距组距dd=U-L如：如：160-155=5组中值组中值xx
8、=(U+L)/2如如:(165+170)/2=167.5开口组开口组d=邻组邻组d估计上组估计上组限为限为175估计组中估计组中值为值为172.5-VAR00001172.0166.0160.0154.0403020100Std.Dev=4.86 Mean=163.3N=83.00VAR00001175.0172.5170.0167.5165.0162.5160.0157.5155.0152.53020100Std.Dev=4.86 Mean=163.3N=83.00VAR00001174.0173.0172.0171.0170.0169.0168.0167.0166.0165.0164.01
9、63.0162.0161.0160.0159.0158.0157.0156.0155.0154.0153.0152.014121086420Std.Dev=4.86 Mean=163.3N=83.00VAR00001174.0170.0166.0162.0158.0154.0403020100Std.Dev=4.86 Mean=163.3N=83.00单值数列单值数列组距为组距为2.5的组距数列的组距数列组距为组距为4的组距数列的组距数列组距为组距为6的组距数列的组距数列-组数组数Sturges 经验公式经验公式最小最小K值法值法kn 1 332210.(log)2|minnkK-组距、组上限
10、、组下限组距、组上限、组下限classes ofNumber ue)Lowest val-lueHighest va(i-VAR0000111.21.21.222.42.43.622.42.46.044.84.810.811.21.212.022.42.414.522.42.416.91214.514.531.378.48.439.889.69.649.444.84.854.233.63.657.889.69.667.556.06.073.533.63.677.178.48.485.511.21.286.756.06.092.822.42.495.233.63.698.811.21.2100.
11、083100.0100.0152.00154.00155.00156.00157.00158.00159.00160.00161.00162.00163.00164.00165.00166.00167.00168.00169.00170.00171.00172.00174.00TotalValidFrequencyPercentValidPercentCumulativePercent频数表频数表（用（用SPSS制作）制作）有效有效数据数据频数频数频率频率有效有效频率频率累计累计频率频率约约2/3的人身高不超过的人身高不超过165cm-v Relative Frequency and Perc
12、ent Frequency Distributions Relative Percent Cost($)Frequency Frequency 50-59.04 4 60-69 .2626 70-79.3232 80-89 .1414 90-99.1414 100-109 .1010 Total 1.00 100Example:Hudson Auto Repair-Dot Plotv One of the simplest graphical summaries of data is a dot plot.v A horizontal axis shows the range of data
13、values.v Then each data value is represented by a dot placed above the axis.-Example:Hudson Auto Repairv Dot Plot .Cost($)-VAR00001174.0170.0166.0162.0158.0154.0403020100Std.Dev=4.86 Mean=163.3N=83.00直方图直方图（Histogram）-VAR00001174.00171.00169.00167.00165.00163.00161.00159.00157.00155.00152.00Count141
14、21086420V A R 00001174.0173.0172.0171.0170.0169.0168.0167.0166.0165.0164.0163.0162.0161.0160.0159.0158.0157.0156.0155.0154.0153.0152.014121086420Std.Dev=4.86 Mean=163.3N=83.00直方图直方图条形图条形图-直方图直方图-研究贫富差别的基本方法：将人口按研究贫富差别的基本方法：将人口按收入水平等分为收入水平等分为 5 组，观察收入差别。组，观察收入差别。20%20%20%20%20%中国九十年代：中国九十年代：最富的最富的20家
15、庭家庭拥有全部财富的拥有全部财富的48，最穷的最穷的20家家庭拥有全部财富的庭拥有全部财富的4。-Lorentz CurveLorentz CurveGA/（AB）ABCumulative relative percent of populationCumulative relative percent of income累计次数分布图-Exploratory Data Analysisv The techniques of exploratory data analysis consist of simple arithmetic and easy-to-draw pictures that
16、 can be used to summarize data quickly.v One such technique is the stem-and-leaf display.-Stem-and-Leaf Displayv A stem-and-leaf display shows both the rank order and shape of the distribution of the data.v It is similar to a histogram on its side,but it has the advantage of showing the actual data
17、values.v The first digits of each data item are arranged to the left of a vertical line.v To the right of the vertical line we record the last digit for each item in rank order.v Each line in the display is referred to as a stem.v Each digit on a stem is a leaf.-Example:Hudson Auto Repairv Stem-and-
18、Leaf Display 5 2 7 6 2 2 2 2 5 6 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 7 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 9 8 0 0 2 3 5 8 9 9 1 3 7 7 7 8 9 10 1 4 5 5 9-Stretched Stem-and-Leaf DisplayvIf we believe the original stem-and-leaf display has condensed the data too much,we can stretch the display by using two more stems for each l
19、eading digit(s).vWhenever a stem value is stated twice,the first value corresponds to leaf values of 0-4,and the second values corresponds to values of 5-9.-Example:Hudson Auto Repairv Stretched Stem-and-Leaf Display 5 2 5 7 6 2 2 2 2 6 5 6 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 7 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 7 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 9 8 0 0 2 3 8 5 8 9 9 1 3 9 7 7 7 8 9 10 1 4 10 5 5 9-其它统计图表介绍其它统计图表介绍:象形图象形图-LOGO-The end of chapter 2
