1、a1a2Leave me alone.C.留下我单独。留下我单独。B.让我一个人呆在。让我一个人呆在。A.别理我;别烦我;你滚开。别理我;别烦我;你滚开。The two little diamonds on that ring look greater they really are.B.那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看上去比它们真那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看上去比它们真的大。的大。A.那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看起来比较大,那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看起来比较大,但实际上并没有那么大。但实际上并没有那么大。a3Now,ten years later,she has gained her masters degr
2、ee from Harvard University and is finally off welfare.现在经过十年以后,她已获得了哈佛大学的现在经过十年以后,她已获得了哈佛大学的硕士学位,并终于硕士学位,并终于摆脱了摆脱了政府救济。政府救济。现在经过十年以后,她已获得了哈佛大学的现在经过十年以后,她已获得了哈佛大学的硕士学位,并终于硕士学位,并终于不再依靠不再依靠政府救济。政府救济。a4一、引子一、引子Matties hand was underneath,and Ethan kept his clasp on it a moment longer than necessary.原译:玛
3、提的手在下,伊桑把它握住,原译:玛提的手在下,伊桑把它握住,握握得比必要的时间长了一会儿得比必要的时间长了一会儿。改译:玛提的手在下,伊桑把它握住,改译:玛提的手在下,伊桑把它握住,没没有立刻松开有立刻松开。a5正反译法定义正反译法定义原文本来是正面表达,译文却从反原文本来是正面表达,译文却从反面着笔;或者,原文用肯定语气的,面着笔;或者,原文用肯定语气的,译文不妨倒过来,采取否定或换反译文不妨倒过来,采取否定或换反义词加否定语气。另一方面,原文义词加否定语气。另一方面,原文从反面表达,译文却从正面表达,从反面表达,译文却从正面表达,也属于该范畴。也属于该范畴。a6习惯表达方式举例习惯表达方式
4、举例spy film open caseKeep in lane!Keep off the lawn!I couldnt agree more with you.反谍影片反谍影片(正说反译)正说反译)没有结案的案件没有结案的案件不准换线!(不准换线!(正说反译正说反译)请勿践踏草地!(请勿践踏草地!(正说正说反译)反译)我我完全同意完全同意你的看法。你的看法。(反说正译)反说正译)a7正说反译(英译汉)正说反译(英译汉)I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.我的确认为要完成这项任务是他我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力
5、所不及力所不及的的He was absent from his own country last year.他去年他去年不在不在自己的国家自己的国家Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?你知道她为什么老是你知道她为什么老是不想见不想见你?你?Her husband hates to see her stony face.她丈夫她丈夫不愿不愿见到她那张见到她那张毫无表情毫无表情的脸的脸It would be most disastrous if even a rumor ofit were given out.甚至只要有一点点风声漏出
6、去,结果就甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去,结果就不堪设想不堪设想 a8When Stephen was introduced to the old couple,they said simply,“Weve read your article.We expected to meet an older man.”当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候,当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候,他们只是淡淡地说:他们只是淡淡地说:“我们看过你的文章,我们看过你的文章,没想到你这么年轻没想到你这么年轻。”a9Often people have bits of the past which they have ne
7、ver told to even their husbands or wives.It takes someone a bit more distanced to coax it out.C.人们往往有几个过去的秘密,就连自己的人们往往有几个过去的秘密,就连自己的丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个更大更大距离的距离的人来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出来。人来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出来。A.人们往往有几个过去的秘密,就连自己的人们往往有几个过去的秘密,就连自己的丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个不那不那么亲近的旁人么亲近的旁人来劝说他
8、们把心中的秘密倒出来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出来。来。a10正说反译(汉译英)他他一直希望一直希望自己能成为老板的助手自己能成为老板的助手The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him.今天下午学生今天下午学生统统统统要交作业要交作业 Students,with no exception,are to hand in their assignment.他他光着脚光着脚走进了房间走进了房间 He came into the room with no shoes on.这个小孩现在这个小孩现
9、在完全能自己完全能自己走路了走路了 The child can walk without any help now.a11反说正译(英译汉)反说正译(英译汉)a12Suddenly he heard a sound behind him,and realized he was not alone in the garage.他突然听见背后有声响,便立即意识到车库里他突然听见背后有声响,便立即意识到车库里还有别人还有别人。In a little town such things cannot be done without remark.在小镇上,这类事情在小镇上,这类事情总会引起别人的议论总会
10、引起别人的议论。The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.归国的念头归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心头始终萦绕在他的心头。(原文是否。(原文是否定的,译文从正面处理,译为肯定句。)定的,译文从正面处理,译为肯定句。)a13Locals say the ban has sparked debate but there has been little resistance to the ban because smoking is not as much a part of Pakistani culture as dr
11、inking.当地人说这个禁令引发了一场辩论,但是很当地人说这个禁令引发了一场辩论,但是很少有人反对,因为少有人反对,因为吸烟不像饮酒一样是吸烟不像饮酒一样是巴基巴基斯坦文化的一部分。斯坦文化的一部分。因为因为吸烟不像饮酒吸烟不像饮酒,还算不上是还算不上是巴基斯坦巴基斯坦文化的一部分。文化的一部分。a14反说正译(汉译英)反说正译(汉译英)他提前三天到达他提前三天到达是我们没想到的是我们没想到的His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation.毋庸置疑毋庸置疑,中国的工业在近几十年已取得辉煌的成绩,中国的工业在近几十年已取得
12、辉煌的成绩It is beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in industry in the past few decades.士兵们发现他们还士兵们发现他们还远远没有远远没有作好准备作好准备The soldiers found themselves far from ready to fight.双方认为,那和平建议是一个他们可以接受而双方认为,那和平建议是一个他们可以接受而不失体面不失体面的建的建议议Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they c
13、ould accept with dignity.a15五、视角转换五、视角转换视角转换定义:按照译语的思维视角转换定义:按照译语的思维方式或表达习惯重新组织原句的方式或表达习惯重新组织原句的信息,从与原语不同(信息,从与原语不同(不包括相不包括相反反)的角度来表达同样意思。)的角度来表达同样意思。a16五、视角转换五、视角转换Good winner,good loser.胜不骄,败不馁。胜不骄,败不馁。Jackson was quite open.没有人防守没有人防守杰克逊。杰克逊。I wont keep you waiting long.我我一会儿一会儿就就回来回来。a17五、视角转换五、
14、视角转换The darkness was thinning,but the street was still dimly lighted.天渐渐有些亮了天渐渐有些亮了,然而街上还亮着暗淡的灯光。,然而街上还亮着暗淡的灯光。He drove slowly down the hill,his elbows resting on the wheel,his chin cupped in his hands。他慢慢顺山坡向下开去,两肘支在方向盘上,他慢慢顺山坡向下开去,两肘支在方向盘上,双双手托着下巴手托着下巴。Old habits die hard.积习积习难除难除。a18五、视角转换五、视角转换H
15、e knocked his face on the door and his cheek turned black and blue.他的脸碰在了门上,因此,他的面颊变得他的脸碰在了门上,因此,他的面颊变得青一块,青一块,紫一块紫一块。Ten to one the train will be late.这趟火车这趟火车十之八九十之八九要晚点。要晚点。在美国,在美国,人人都能买到枪人人都能买到枪。原译:原译:In the United States,everyone can buy a gun.改译:改译:In the United States,guns are available to ev
16、eryone.a19五、视角转换五、视角转换你可以从因特网上你可以从因特网上获得获得这一信息。这一信息。原译:原译:You can obtain this information on the Internet.改译:改译:This information is accessible/available on the Internet.他他突然想到了一个新主意突然想到了一个新主意。原译:原译:Suddenly he had a new idea./He suddenly thought out a new idea.改译:改译:A new idea suddenly occurred to/s
17、truck him.a20六、结束语六、结束语正面译不顺,不妨反面着笔,以求尽量发挥翻译正面译不顺,不妨反面着笔,以求尽量发挥翻译技巧灵活多变的特点。翻译之所以成为艺术,就技巧灵活多变的特点。翻译之所以成为艺术,就是它本身具有创造性。凡是能体现创造性的技巧,是它本身具有创造性。凡是能体现创造性的技巧,都不可能是墨守成规。所以反译自有其依据。都不可能是墨守成规。所以反译自有其依据。反译有时是必需的,因为说英、汉语的两个民族反译有时是必需的,因为说英、汉语的两个民族的思维逻辑和表达方式不同。同一个概念,一个的思维逻辑和表达方式不同。同一个概念,一个民族正面说,认为是合乎表达习惯的,而另一个民族正面
18、说,认为是合乎表达习惯的,而另一个民族则认为反着说或换个角度说才顺口。译者必民族则认为反着说或换个角度说才顺口。译者必须全面、深入掌握两种语言,才能自觉地和自如须全面、深入掌握两种语言,才能自觉地和自如地运用正反译法这一技巧。地运用正反译法这一技巧。a21否定句No more than You can no more swim than I can fly.(=Just as I can not fly,you can not swim.)跟我不能飞行一样,你也不能游泳跟我不能飞行一样,你也不能游泳注解:在后面的部分,表面上虽然有肯定的形注解:在后面的部分,表面上虽然有肯定的形式,但其含义是否
19、定的可译为:式,但其含义是否定的可译为:“与同样不是与同样不是”,或,或“跟一样不能跟一样不能”等更多的例句:等更多的例句:a22He is no more a god than we are.他和我们一样都不是神他和我们一样都不是神A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸之非鱼犹马之非鱼也鲸之非鱼犹马之非鱼也A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.正像没有灵魂的身体不成其为人一样,没有爱正像没有灵魂的身体不成其为人一样,没有爱家也不成其为家
20、庭家也不成其为家庭 无爱之家,不以为家;灵魂不在,何以为人?无爱之家,不以为家;灵魂不在,何以为人?a23There is no more dependence to be placed on his words than there is on the wind.其言之不可信赖,也像风之不足信赖一样其言之不可信赖,也像风之不足信赖一样It is no more easy to spend money than it is to make money.正如赚钱不容易一样,花钱也不容易正如赚钱不容易一样,花钱也不容易a24no less than 这是与这是与no more than相反的一种表
21、现法在相反的一种表现法在no more than 的场合,连词的场合,连词than 前后都是否定,前后都是否定,而在而在no less than 的场合,连词的场合,连词than的前后都是的前后都是肯定可一译为肯定可一译为“与同样是与同样是”“跟同样能跟同样能”等例:等例:A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.和马是哺乳动物一样,鲸也是哺乳动物和马是哺乳动物一样,鲸也是哺乳动物He is no less guilty than you.他和你同样有罪他和你同样有罪a25Not so much as=rather thannot so much=
22、without evenHis success is not so much by talent as by energy.他的成功与其说是由于才能不如说是由于努力他的成功与其说是由于才能不如说是由于努力The ocean does not so much divide the world as unite it.与其说陆以洋分,不如说是陆以洋合与其说陆以洋分,不如说是陆以洋合Success in life does not depend so much on ones school scores as on ones honesty and diligence.事业的成功与其说是靠在学校的成
23、绩,不如说是靠事业的成功与其说是靠在学校的成绩,不如说是靠为人的诚实和勤勉为人的诚实和勤勉a26He is not so much a scholar as a writer.与其说他是学者,不如说他是作者与其说他是学者,不如说他是作者The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning.学校教育最大的效用,不在教你一些知识,学校教育最大的效用,不在教你一些知识,而在教你学习的方法而在教你学习的方法a27CannottooYou can
24、not be too careful.You cannot be over carefulYou cannot be careful enough.You cannot be sufficiently careful.You cannot take enough care.a28It is impossible to speak in terms of too high praises of his merits.他的功绩无论怎样赞扬也不为过。他的功绩无论怎样赞扬也不为过。A book may be compared to your neighbor;if it be good,it cann
25、ot last too long;if bad,you cannot get rid if it too early.书如邻里,善者,则倍加珍惜,长久保存;其不善者,书如邻里,善者,则倍加珍惜,长久保存;其不善者,尽早弃之,不可犹豫。尽早弃之,不可犹豫。书犹邻,善者,亲之宜久;恶者,弃之宜早。书犹邻,善者,亲之宜久;恶者,弃之宜早。a29否定否定withoutThey never meet without quarrelling.他们每次见面必要吵架他们每次见面必要吵架It never rains without quarrelling.不雨则已,一雨倾盆不雨则已,一雨倾盆a30否定否定but
26、(在否定字或准否定字后面所有的在否定字或准否定字后面所有的“but“,都是具有都是具有”which not“,“who not“,“that not“等等否定意义的否定意义的There is no rule but has exception.条条规则都有例外条条规则都有例外There is no one but hopes to be rich.没有人不想发财没有人不想发财There is nothing in the world but teaches us some good lesson.世界上的一切都能给我们好的教训世界上的一切都能给我们好的教训a31否定重心的转移否定重心的转移Pl
27、astics for industrial purposes are not valuable because they are colorful.工业塑料没有价值,因为它们五颜六色。工业塑料没有价值,因为它们五颜六色。工业塑料不因为五颜六色而有价值。工业塑料不因为五颜六色而有价值。工业塑料并不是因其颜色鲜艳才有价值的。工业塑料并不是因其颜色鲜艳才有价值的。工业塑料的价值并不在于其颜色鲜艳。工业塑料的价值并不在于其颜色鲜艳。a32否定的翻译否定的翻译每种语言在表达形式上都有肯定形式与否定每种语言在表达形式上都有肯定形式与否定形式之分,汉语和英语也不例外。形式之分,汉语和英语也不例外。汉语和英语
28、中的否定都可分为完全否定,部汉语和英语中的否定都可分为完全否定,部分否定和双重否定。对不同的否定形式应采分否定和双重否定。对不同的否定形式应采取不同的译法。取不同的译法。a33汉语中表示完全否定的词语有:汉语中表示完全否定的词语有:“不,决不,绝对不会,没有,非,未,不,决不,绝对不会,没有,非,未,无,不是,毫不,根本没有,根本不,完全无,不是,毫不,根本没有,根本不,完全不,否则不,否则”等等部分否定:部分否定:“并非所有的都,几乎没有,不总是,并非所有的都,几乎没有,不总是,几乎不,不怎么几乎不,不怎么”等等双重否定:双重否定:“非不,非莫,不没非不,非莫,不没有有”a34英语中表示否定
29、可用两种办法:英语中表示否定可用两种办法:借助词汇借助词汇借助结构和表达方式借助结构和表达方式a35在借助词汇方面在借助词汇方面动词:动词:fail,deny,defy,miss,lack,ignore,refuse,neglect,overlook,exclude,withhold,refrain from,prevent from Such a chance was denied me.我我没有得到没有得到这样一个机会这样一个机会使我们失望的是他使我们失望的是他不顾不顾大局大局To our disappointment,he failed to take the overall situa
30、tion into account.a36名词:名词:absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,neglect,exclusion,omission,lack,denial,scarcity他开车时他开车时心不在焉心不在焉,几乎闯祸,几乎闯祸His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.他他未能未能履行诺言,我们大家都很失望履行诺言,我们大家都很失望 His failure to carry out his promise has disappointed all of us.a37形
31、容词:形容词:ignorant,free from,far from,safe from,short of,这次演出这次演出根本没有根本没有失败,而是非常成功失败,而是非常成功The performance was far from being a failure;it was a great success.据悉敌军给养据悉敌军给养不足不足 It is reported that the enemy troops are short of supplies.a38副词和副词短语:副词和副词短语:little,otherwise,tooto 他显然有他显然有不同不同的想法的想法He evide
32、ntly thinks otherwise.我我根本不根本不知道他会遇到什么麻烦知道他会遇到什么麻烦 I little knew what trouble he was going to have.a39连词:连词:unless,before,until,rather than,or.不不了解这一点,就不能得到起码的知识了解这一点,就不能得到起码的知识Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elemental knowledge.部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼The troops
33、would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.a40介词和介词短语:介词和介词短语:without,above,except,beyond,instead of,in place of,out of 等等如果如果没有没有你帮忙,那件任务我是无法完成你帮忙,那件任务我是无法完成的的Without your help,I could not have fulfilled the task in time.a41英语中含有半否定语气的词有:英语中含有半否定语气的词有:seldom,hardly,barely,scarcely,r
34、arely 等等工作工作没有没有经验,出点差错,几乎是经验,出点差错,几乎是不可不可避免的避免的Slips are scarcely avoidable when you have little experience in your work.那些民工挣到的钱那些民工挣到的钱几乎不够几乎不够他们养家糊口他们养家糊口 Those migrant workers hardly earn enough money to support their family.a42那些民工挣到的钱那些民工挣到的钱几乎不够几乎不够他们养家糊口他们养家糊口他开车时他开车时心不在焉心不在焉,几乎闯祸,几乎闯祸这次演出这
35、次演出根本没有根本没有失败,而是非常成功失败,而是非常成功到目前为止,这个组织的表现到目前为止,这个组织的表现辜负辜负了我们对它寄予了我们对它寄予的希望。的希望。长大后长大后不再依赖不再依赖我们的母亲并不一定意味着我们不我们的母亲并不一定意味着我们不再爱她了再爱她了a43Those migrant workers hardly earn enough money to support their family.His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.The performance was far from
36、 being a failure;it was a great success.The performance of his organization has not,so far,justified the hopes which we set on it.Our being independent from our mothers after we grow up does not necessarily mean that we no longer love her.a44 课堂练习课堂练习他他不在不在,我感到很寂寞,我感到很寂寞In his absence,I felt very lo
37、nely,他他不顾他人不顾他人,使得大家都很生气,使得大家都很生气 His lack of consideration for the feelings of others angered everyone present.她她没有同伴没有同伴,只一个人坐在车厢一角只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动动也不动 Traveling alone,she was sitting still in the corner of the carriage.是重力是重力使使我们我们不不致于从地球上抛出去致于从地球上抛出去 It is gravity that keeps us from falling off th
38、e earth.返回祖国的念头返回祖国的念头始终萦在绕始终萦在绕他们心头他们心头 The thought of returning to his motherland never deserts him.The thought of returning to his motherland always haunts him.a45During his lifetime,Xu Xiake traveled around in 16 provinces,leaving his footprints nearly every corner of the country.When conducting
39、 his investigations,he never blindly followed the conclusions given in the books.He found many inaccuracies in the geographical documents left by his predecessors.To find out the real facts and detailed information,he seldom traveled by carriage or boat.Instead,he would scale mountains and ford stre
40、ams,making long treks entirely on foot.To find out the true picture of nature,he would venture deep into the mountaina46Areas with perilous trails and forests seldom visited by human beings.As a result,he discovered many fantastic mountains and beautiful sceneries.In different seasons and at differe
41、nt hours of the day,he would come back for a revisit to the famous mountains at different places,making repeated observations of the ever-changing marvelous sceneries.a47认识落后,才能去改变落后;学习先进,才有可能赶认识落后,才能去改变落后;学习先进,才有可能赶超先进。提高我国的科学技术水平,当然必须依靠我超先进。提高我国的科学技术水平,当然必须依靠我们自己努力,必须发展我们自己的创造,必须坚持独们自己努力,必须发展我们自己的创造,必须坚持独立自主自力更生的方针。但是独立自主不是闭关自守,立自主自力更生的方针。但是独立自主不是闭关自守,自力更生不是盲目排外。科学技术是人类共同创造的自力更生不是盲目排外。科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。任何一个民族一个国家都需要学习别的民族别财富。任何一个民族一个国家都需要学习别的民族别的国家的长处,学习人家的先进科学技术。我们不仅的国家的长处,学习人家的先进科学技术。我们不仅因为今天科学技术落后,需要努力向外国学习。即使因为今天科学技术落后,需要努力向外国学习。即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平,也还要学习人我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平,也还要学习人家的长处。家的长处。