1、Welcome UnitBasic sentence structures基本句子结构基本句子结构chemistry n._ adj.化学的_n.化学制品 _n.药剂师excite v._adj.兴奋的 _adj.令人兴奋的_n.兴奋anxious adj._adv.不安地，忧虑地_n.焦虑，渴望，令人焦虑的事personality n._adj.个人的，私人的，_adv.亲自地，就自己而言revise v._n.修正；复习annoy v._ adj.恼怒的 _ adj.令人恼怒的frighten v._ adj.害怕的；受惊的；受恐吓的 _ adj.令人害怕的chemical(s)chemi
2、st excited exciting excitement anxiously anxiety personal personally chemical revisionannoyed annoying frightened frightening What Are They?1.S(subject)主语2.V(verb)谓语动词3.O(object)宾语4.P(predicative)表语5.A(adverbial)状语6.DO(direct objective)直接宾语7.IO(indirect objective)间接宾语8.C(objective complement)宾语补足语9.
3、There be =there be 结构S(subject)主语V(verb)谓语O(object)宾语P(predicative)表语A(adverbial)状语DO(direct object)直接宾语IO(indirect object)间接宾语C(object complement)宾语补足语主语主语 是句子的主体，是说明的对象。通常由名词或名词短语、代词 以及v-ing等充当。谓语谓语 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，有完整的时态和语 态，一般在主语之后，由动词构成。宾语宾语 表示动作的对象或行为的承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后 面(动宾&介宾)，一般由名词、代词、数词、动
4、词不定式（短 语）、动名词（短语）等充当。表语表语 位于系动词后，用来说明主语的特点，表明主语的性质特征。状语状语 一般是副词或介词短语，用来说明动作的程度、地点或时间等。定语定语 起修饰、限定名词或代词的作用，分前置定语和后置定语。一 般由形容词、名词、形容词性物主代词、数词、介词短语、动 词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）或从句充当。宾语补足语宾语补足语 位于宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明，使句子的意义完整。主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语状语状语定语定语宾语补足语宾语补足语What Is Subject?1.S(subject)主语1.1 A tiger eats meat.S1.2 He i
5、s my father.S1.3.Mr.Wood is a teacher.S What can be“subject”in a sentence?a tiger?nounhe?pronounMr.Wood?nameThe car runs fast.She is kind.Eight is a lucky number in China.Swimming is my favorite.To see is to believe.What we need is time.It is necessary to master a foreign language.名词名词 动名词动名词 动词不定式动
6、词不定式 代词代词 数词数词 主语从句主语从句 it:it:形式主语形式主语1.Find out the subjects in the following sentences and think about their functions.主主语：句子叙述的主体，动语：句子叙述的主体，动作的发出者。作的发出者。What Is Verb?2.V(verb)谓语动词2.1 A tiger eats meat.V2.2 A fish can swim.V2.3.He doesnt like fruit.V What can be“verb”in a sentence?can=Vdoesnt=Vca
7、n swimHe reads a book.The boy likes English.I dont like the picture on the wall.The river flows.The sun rises.2.Think about the functions of the underlined verbs.vt.vt.及及物动词物动词 vt.vt.及及物动词物动词 vi.vi.不不及物动词及物动词 vi.vi.不不及物动词及物动词 vt.vt.及及物动词物动词谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由动词或动谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由动词或动词短语充当。词短语充当。What I
8、s Object?3.O(object)宾语3.1 A tiger eats meat.O3.2 I like it.O3.3 He called Tom.O What can be“object”in a sentence?meat?nounit?pronounTom?name1.They saw an exhibition yesterday.2.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.3.She wants to join the club.4.I enjoyed listening to popular music.5.I think
9、 he is fit for his office.6.People find it important to get a good education.7.He told us a story.3.Underline the objects.名词名词数词数词动词不定式动词不定式 动动名名词词 宾语从句宾语从句 形式宾语形式宾语间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语宾语：动作的对象、承受者。宾语：动作的对象、承受者。What Is Predicative?4.P(predicative)表语4.1 He looks fine.P 4.2 You are happy.P4.3 He became a
10、 teacher.P What can be“predicative”in a sentence?look,are,become=link verb link verb +adj./noun=PP contains a verb!linking-verbI am happy.The day turns long.He gets angry.He seems ill.It remains a mystery.-后跟表语，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态、身份、特征等常见的系动词：常见的系动词：1.be 动动词词：am,is,are2.状态类系动词：状态类系动词：stay,keep,remain,ge
11、t 等等3.感官系动词：感官系动词：feel,smell,taste,sound等等4.变化类系动词：变化类系动词：get,become,grow,go,turn等等5.“看起来，似乎看起来，似乎”系动词：系动词：seem,look,appearShe is a doctor.The cloth feels soft.His favorite sport is running.Your task is to find out the cost.The helper is him.The lucky number in China is eight.She is in the room.名词名词
12、 形容词形容词 动名词动名词 代词代词不定式不定式数词数词介词短语介词短语Think about what kind of words the underlined words follow and their functions.表语：用在系动词后，表示主语的状态，性质，特征等。表语：用在系动词后，表示主语的状态，性质，特征等。What Is Adverbial?5.A(adverbial)状语5.1 He lives in Shenzhen.A 5.2 You go to school by bus.A5.3 He was born in 1918.A What can be“adverb
13、ial”in a sentence?PrepositionNounAdverbial What Is DO(Direct Objective)?6.DO(direct objective)直接宾语6.1 He gave me a pen.DO 6.2 We bought him a gift.DO6.3 He wrote me a letter.DO What can be“direct objective”in a sentence?objectWhat Is IO(Indirect Objective)?7.IO(indirect objective)间接宾语7.1 He gave me
14、a pen.IO 7.2 We bought Mr.Wood a gift.IO7.3 He wrote his mother a letter.IO What can be“indirect objective”in a sentence?PersonWhat Is C(Complement)?8.C(complement)宾语补足语8.1 The war made him a hero.C 8.2 The fire left him homeless.C8.3 He found his glasses broken.C What can be“complement”in a sentenc
15、e?Noun/Adj1.His father named him Terry.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.We saw him entering the room.5.We found everything in good order.6.She thinks her a good teacher.7.I will have my hair cut tomorrow morning.6.Think about the usage of the underlined words.宾补：补充说明宾语的动作或状态。
16、宾补：补充说明宾语的动作或状态。Think about the functions of the underlined words.Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers in our school.His progress in English made us surprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.He
17、is reading an article that was written by his father.形容词形容词 现在分词现在分词 名词名词不定式不定式数词数词介词短语介词短语 过去分词过去分词定定从从定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的成分。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的成分。1.Examine the sentence structures and see what parts are shared by all of them.Sentence StructureSV SVO SP SVIODO SVOC SVA SVOA2.What part is more stable and what
18、 part is the most unstable in a sentence?Why?Make a list of the“S”forms and the“V”forms that appear in the above slides.1.SV structure1.1 A bird flies.S V 1.2 Monkeys jumped.S V 1.3 He was sleeping.S V In SV structure,verbs are intransitive.Can you make a“SV”sentence?Learn to recognize the structure
19、s Learn to recognize the structures 2.SVO structure2.1 A sheep eats grass.S V O 2.2 Monkeys like bananas.S V O2.3 He wants some candy.S V O In SVO structure,verbs are transitive.Please make a SVO sentence!3.SP structure3.1 This is great S P3.2 He looks well.S P3.3 She became a teacher.S PIn SP struc
20、ture,P refers to“link verb+adjective/noun”.Link verbs:be,feel,taste,smell,grow,become,etc.Lets try making a SP sentence with“grow”!Learn to recognize the structures 4.SV IO DO structure4.1 He asked me a question.S V IO DO4.2 Danny wrote his mom a letter.S V IO DO4.3 She bought Mr.Wood a book.S V IO
21、DOIn SV IO DO structure,verbs are transitive and are followed by IO and DO.Find a SVIODO sentence in your textbook and share it with the class!Learn to recognize the structures 5.SVOC structure5.1 The war made him a hero.S V O C5.2 They found his cat dead.S V O C5.3 She called him Mr.Wood.S V O CIn
22、SVOC structure,an implied logical relation exists between O and C.In Example 5.1,the relation between“him”and“a hero”is supposed to be-“he is a hero”.Whats the relation between“his cat”and“dead”in 5.2?Learn to recognize the structures 6.SVA structure6.1 It rained heavily.S V A6.2 He coughed badly.S
23、V A6.3 The rabbit ran in the woods.S V AIn SVA structure,adverbial is usually at the end of the sentence.Please give another example of SVA structure!Learn to recognize the structures 7.SVOA structure7.1 A sheep is eating grass over there.S V O A7.2 Mum makes lunch in the kitchen.S V O A7.3 They lik
24、ed the film very much.S V O AIn SVOA structure,the verb is transitive and is followed by an object and an adverbial.Learn to recognize the structures 8.“There be”structure8.1 There is an apple on the table.V S A7.2 There are seven days in a week.V S A7.3 There is milk and bread.V SIn“there be”struct
25、ure,S and V are inverted.Vs number is decided by the very first noun of S.Learn to recognize the structures Exercise 1:Read the sentences and analyse the structures.(1)I have learning goals.(2)He works hard.(3)He never watches TV at night.(4)A fish swims.(5)I was writing him an email.(6)They left th
26、e boy starved to death.(7)You feel tired.(8)There were some children on the playground.(SVO)(SVA)(SVOA)(SV)(SV IO DO)(SVOC)(SP)(VS)Answers to Exercise 2:1.Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.S V DO IO2.She led the China womens volleyball team to medals at Olympics.S V O A3.The team was
27、 falling apart.S V A4.Losing two important players was a big challenge.S P5.She had faced difficulties before.S V O A6.They were world champions!S PExercise 3:Find the differences SP vs.SVA 1.The boy looks great.S P2.The boy worked very hard.S V AAny differences between“great”and“very hard”?Answer t
28、o“the differences of SP vs.SVA”1.P in“SP”means“_”2.VA means“_”3.For example:look great (look:link verb;great:adj.)P(link verb+adj.)work hard (work:vi.;hard:adv.)V A(vi.+adv.)link verb”+“adj./nounintransitive verb”+adverbExercise 4:Find the differences SVOC vs.SVOA 1.The news made me happy.S V O C2.T
29、he mother missed her kid badly.S V O Ahappy vs.badlyDifferences?Answer to“the differences SVOC vs.SVOA”1.“C”means“_.”2.“A”means“_”The news made me in the room.?nouns/adjectivesadverbs/prepositional phrases主语主语 是句子的主体，是说明的对象。通常由名词或名词短语、代词 以及v-ing等充当。谓语谓语 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，有完整的时态和语 态，一般在主语之后，由动词构成。宾语
30、宾语 表示动作的对象或行为的承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后 面(动宾&介宾)，一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式（短 语）、动名词（短语）等充当。表语表语 位于系动词后，用来说明主语的特点，表明主语的性质特征。状语状语 一般是副词或介词短语，用来说明动作的程度、地点或时间等。定语定语 起修饰、限定名词或代词的作用，分前置定语和后置定语。一 般由形容词、名词、形容词性物主代词、数词、介词短语、动 词不定式（短语）、分词（短语）或从句充当。宾语补足语宾语补足语 位于宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明，使句子的意义完整。主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语状语状语定语定语宾语补足语宾语补足语Activity
31、 Inquiry句子成分句子成分成分意义位置主语S(subject)句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出 e.g.I miss my grandma.位于句首谓语V(verb)表示主语的行为或状态，是句子的灵魂、核心 e.g.I miss my grandma.主语之后宾语O(object)表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 e.g.I miss my grandma.动词或介词后直接宾语DO(direct object)表示动作的承受者，一般是物 e.g.He told us a funny story.动词后间接宾语IO(indirect object)表示动作是对谁
32、或为谁做的，一般是人 e.g.He told us a funny story.动词后Activity Inquiry表语P(predicative)用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 e.g.The teacher was kind and friendly.系动词后定语(attribute)用来修饰名词或代词，说明其本质或特征 e.g.She is a beautiful girl.名词或代词前宾语补足语OC(object complement)补充说明宾语的动作或状态 e.g.I found most of my classmate and teachers friendly and he
33、lpful.宾语后状语A(adverbial)说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 e.g.I had my first maths class at senior high school.位置灵活续表Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences.How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time?For Tim,that dream has come true!This term,T
34、im and his classmates are living on a ship!They take the same subjects as you do,like maths and English.They also learn about ships and the sea.Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.Tim loves living on the ship.Theres always something exciting to do.And,
35、after a long day of study,he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.1.That dream has come true!2.Tim and his classmates are living on a ship!3.They also learn about ships and the sea.SVSVSVAOAnswers 4.Tim w
36、rites his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.5.Theres always something exciting to do.6.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.SVIODOVIOThere be.SDOAnswer P 基本句型：一、主谓 SV二、主(系)表 SP三、主谓宾 SVO四、主谓宾宾 SVOO五、主谓宾补 SVOC六、主谓状 SVA七、主谓宾状 SVOA八、there be结构 1.Recite concepts of S,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C.2.Think about the significance of distinguishing“vi.”from“vt.”
