1、Unit 5 The Value of MoneyDiscovering Useful Structures Model Verbs情态动词情态动词一、情态一、情态动词的特征动词的特征1.1.情态动词有一定的意义情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种情绪或，表示或暗示某种情绪或态度，态度，表示可能、表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。大多数情态动词有多个意义。大多数情态动词有多个意义。2.2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化。，即不随主语的不同而变化。3.3.情态动词不能独立使用，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语动词。
2、情态动词不能独立使用，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语动词。4.4.情态动词除情态动词除oughtought和和havehave外，外，后面接不带后面接不带toto的不定式。的不定式。(dare)(dare)5.5.情态动词没有非谓语形式，情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。即没有不定式、分词等形式。1.只作情态动词的：2.可情态可实义的：3.可情态可助动词的:4.相当于情态动词的:二、情态动词的分类二、情态动词的分类can/could,may/might,ought to,mustneed,dareshall/should,will/wouldhave to,used toExam
3、pleNecessity Possibilities Obligation RequestAdviceIntentionWe can discuss it now.You must do it at once.Would you please pass me the salt?You neednt have stayed.You ought to help him.I would rather do it myself.can表示表示推测推测can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制一般无此限制)。表示表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时对过去
4、发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时,常用常用“can/could+have+过去分词过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。的否定或疑问形式。It cant/couldnt be true.那不可能是真的。那不可能是真的。Can/Could he have heard the news?他可能听说他可能听说过这个消息了吗过这个消息了吗?cancan表示客观的、一时的情况表示客观的、一时的情况,意思是意思是“有时候会有时候会”。The weather in Jiangxi can/could be very cold in winter.江西江西冬季冬季可能很冷。可能很冷。表示惊异、怀疑表示惊异、怀疑,不相信的态度不
5、相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can you be so careless!你怎么那么粗心呀你怎么那么粗心呀!He can play golf now,but he couldnt last year.Walking with a stranger can be highly dangerous.-Can/Could I have a look at your new laptop?我可以看看你的新笔记本电脑吗?一Yes，you can./No，you cant.可以。不可以。That girl under the tree cant
6、be Jenny-shes in the classroom now.Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be?You cant be careful enough.(could是can的过去式，语气更委婉)能力许可可能可能性可能再也不为过can&couldMay I watch TV after supper?Yes，you may./No，you mustnt.They may/might go to the party，but Im not sure.If you are interested in the match，you may/m
7、ight as well try.(1)句中may表示_。否定回答时，用_。(2)句中may和might表示_，_可能性更小。(3)句中_，意为“不妨”。允许或征询对方许可mustnt可能性mightmay/might as well动词原形may&mightI have to wait until the rain stops because I have no umbrella with me.我不得不在这儿等到雨停，因为我没带伞。(强调客观需要)I must recite the text this morning.今天早上我必须背会这篇课文。(强调主观意志)Must we finish
8、 our homework today?Yes，you must./No，you dont have to/you neednt.must&have toYou mustnt park here.Your mother must be waiting for you now.你的母亲现在一定在等着你。Why must you always interrupt me？你为什么非要一直打断我呢？(1)句中have to和句中must均表示“_”，但_是指说话人的主观看法，而_则强调客观需要。(2)句中must 所构成的疑问句，回答的否定形式通常为_或_，意为“不必要”，而一般不说_(句中mustn
9、t表示“禁止”)。(3)_句中must 常表示有根据的、比较确定的推测(只用于肯定的陈述句)，译为“一定，必定”。(4)句中must表示“_”。,必须musthave toneedntdont have tomustnt偏要，偏偏All the audience to the theatre should/ought to take the tickets and masks.I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.他竟然对你这样无礼，真让我吃惊。The customer asked if he should get his
10、 order on time.那位顾客问能否按时拿到订单。自主发现4(1)句中should表示“_”，其同义词是_；在疑问句中，通常用_代替ought to。(2)句中should 有时可用于某些从句中，表示说话人惊奇、失望等感情色彩，常译为“竟然，怎么会”。(3)句中should作为shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句，且多用于间接引语中，以征求对方的意见。义务、责任、建议ought toshouldshould&ought toWould you pass me the document,please？Doctor Zhang Dingyu said that he woul
11、d try his best to help the patients.Each time his mothers birthday came，he would buy her a present.每次到他母亲生日的时候，他都要给她买一件礼物。(表示过去的习惯)We will do our best to keep the classroom tidy and clean.Oil will float on the water.油总是浮在水面上。will&would自主发现5(1)句中would表示_，比will更委婉客气。(2)句中would和句中的will表示_。(3)句中would和句中
12、的will表示习惯性动作或客观真理。would表示过去的习惯性动作时，暗示现在仍然如此；而used to表示过去常常做某事，强调现在不是这样了。My father used to go to the office by bike when he was young.我父亲年轻的时候总是骑自行车去上班。(现在不是这样了)请求、建议意志、愿望和决心If he dare go outside this week，hell be pusnished.如果他敢这个星期外出，他会被惩罚的。The workers didnt dare to break the rules.(1)dare作情态动词时，表示“
13、敢，敢于”。常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形，否定形式为dare not。(2)dare常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，后面可接带to的不定式。darehad betterYou had better finish your homework before going to bed.You had better not talk with strangers.你最好不要和陌生人讲话。had better表示“_”，使用时常缩写为_，无人称和数的变化，其否定式一般把not放在had better之_。最好d better后1)shall在在第第一、三人称的疑问句中一、三人称的疑问句中
14、征求意见。征求意见。Shall we begin our lesson?我们可以开始上课了吗？我们可以开始上课了吗？When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么时候可以离开医院他什么时候可以离开医院？shall&should2)shall 在第在第二、三人称的陈述句中二、三人称的陈述句中,表表威胁、命令、警告、强制、承诺。威胁、命令、警告、强制、承诺。He shall have the book when I finish reading.他应该在我读完之后拿到那本书。他应该在我读完之后拿到那本书。You shall do as I say.你
15、应该照我说的做你应该照我说的做。3)should=ought to 劝告、建议、命令劝告、建议、命令 （疑问句中常用（疑问句中常用should 代替代替 ought to）You should/ought to go to class right away.You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hiddenIt may seem lucky to you.Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because May w
16、e ask what youre doing in this country?You should/ought to/had better go to class right away.What would you do if you were in her situation?advice 表建议表建议intention 表意图和愿望表意图和愿望A.necessity B.possibility C.obligation D.request E.advice F.intentionnecessity 表必表必要性要性possibility 表表可可能和推测能和推测obligation 表义务
17、性表义务性request 表请求或指示表请求或指示After the million-pound note is taken outpossibilitya simple future modalstrong advicepossibilitypossibilityabilityModal verbspossibilitynecessityobligationrequestadviceintentioncan(could更委婉)may(might更委婉)needhave to(主观）/must（客观）must/ought towouldmayshould/ought tohad betterw
18、ouldmustcan情态动词情态动词+have done:对过去的猜测对过去的猜测本可以本可以不可能不可能1.You _(have)a better grade if you made full preparation for the exam.2.I saw him just now,so he _(go)abroad.could have had couldnt been gone couldnt have done should have done 本该做某事（而实际上未做）本该做某事（而实际上未做）shouldnt have done 本不该做某事（而实际上做了）本不该做某事（而实际
19、上做了）你本该寻求帮助的。You should have asked for some help.你本不该告诉她这个消息的。You shouldnt have told her the news.could have donemust have done 一定做了一定做了cant have done 肯定没做肯定没做I didnt hear the phone.I _(我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。)must have been asleep She _,for her bike is still here.(她肯定没离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这里。
20、她肯定没离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这里。)cant have left school 1.must用于一般疑问句中用于一般疑问句中,肯定肯定:must 否定否定:neednt/dont have to（不必）（不必），2.mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许”Must I finish all assignments at a time?Yes,you_.No,you _.mustneednt/dont have to推测现在或正发生的事情推测现在或正发生的事情：must be doing他现在肯定呆在那里。他现在肯定呆在那里。He must be staying there.mu
21、st1.1.作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中，一般不用在作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。肯定句中。你怎么敢说我不公平？你怎么敢说我不公平？How dare you say Im unfair?你不必这么早过来？你不必这么早过来？You neednt come so early.dare/need他不敢回答问题。他不敢回答问题。He doesnt dare(to)answer.你不需要自己动手。你不需要自己动手。You didnt need to do it yourself.2 2.daredare和和needneed作作实义动词实义动词时
22、，时，其否定和疑问的构成需借助其否定和疑问的构成需借助do/did/doesdo/did/does，needneed后面接带后面接带toto的不定式，而在疑问句和否定句中，的不定式，而在疑问句和否定句中，daredare后可省去后可省去toto。有时态、人称和数的变化有时态、人称和数的变化。Fill in the blanks with proper model verbs.In the film The Million Pound Bank Note,Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends,and
23、 with nowhere to stay.While this situation _ seem unusual,it can sometimes happen to travellers.In case it happens to you on a trip abroad,what _ you do?First,and most importantly,you _ stay calm.Fear _ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second,you should go to your nearest consu
24、late.They _ be able to help to some extent.Third,you _ do well to check with some local charities.They _ offer help to travellers in need.Fourth.you _ avoid getting into trouble.You _ think that stealing some money or food would help you,but you should not do so.Getting caught _ ruin your life.Read
25、the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.may must can ought to might had better would shouldmayshouldmustcanought towouldmighthad bettermightwouldthe past future tense过去将来时过去将来时The Past Future Tense(1)过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常在主句谓语动
26、词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时常在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day、soon等。等。常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should+动词原形”构成。They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.他们说里面的信会解释所有的事情。他们说里面的信会解释所有的事情。The director said he would meet the famous actor the next day.导演说他会在第二天与那天著名男演员
27、见面。导演说他会在第二天与那天著名男演员见面。I rang up to tell my father that I should leave for HK.我打电话告诉我父亲我要去香港。我打电话告诉我父亲我要去香港。The Past Future Tense(2)过去将来时的基本结构是过去将来时的基本结构是“would+动词原形动词原形”，否定式是在，否定式是在would后面加后面加not.Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.杰夫知道他第二天会很累。杰夫知道他第二天会很累。He promised that he would not open the
28、 letter until 2 oclock.他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。The Past Future Tense(3)be going to、be about to等结构也用在过去将来时中。等结构也用在过去将来时中。表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作,常用于口语中,表示预言、意图或者打算等。They were going to find someone to take part in their best when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.他们正准备找一个人来参与他们的赌局，这时，他们看到亨利走
29、在他们正准备找一个人来参与他们的赌局，这时，他们看到亨利走在外面的大街上。外面的大街上。Mrs.Thomson was about to sit down to watch the opera when her phone rang.汤姆森夫人刚要坐下看剧的时候，她的电话响了。汤姆森夫人刚要坐下看剧的时候，她的电话响了。3.was/were about to do:常用来表示即将发生的动作,“刚要/正要做”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen.我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。We were abou
30、t to go there when it began to rain.我们刚打算去那儿,这时天下起了雨。4.start,go,come,leave,see,meet等动词的过去进行时:表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。She was coming later.她随后就来。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。5.was/were to do:表示“曾计划做某事”,如果表示“本来计划做某事,动作没实现”,则需用“was/were to have done
31、”She said she was to have told me about her plan.她说她本来想告诉我关于她的计划的。He said he was to meet his friend at the airport at 4 p.m.他说他下午四点去机场接他的朋友。was not going to give a loan to him1.The clerk in the consulate told Henry that they _(not,give,a loan).2.Henry entered the gentlemens house,wondering if they _
32、(offer,a job).3.The gentlemen said that Henry _(know,everything)in an hour and a half.Exercisewould offer him a jobwould know everything Complete the sentence with would,was/were going to,and the words in brackets.was going to explain why he wasnt pay the bill4.Henry _(explain why,not pay,the bill)r
33、ight away when the waiter became impatient.5.The owner of the tailors shop never thought he _(hold,such a large note).6.After one month,Henry went to see the gentlemen with Portia.He _(give back,note).would hold such a large notewas going to give back the noteExerciseComplete the following sentences
34、 that describe the future using either form of the given verbs.1.Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera.He _ _(watch)with his girlfriend on the weekend.2.I was so surprised at the news that David _ (play)the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.3.Lily dec
35、ided that she _(settle)in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.4.Hey,Timmy.I _(call)you.But now that you are here,I dont have to.5.The competition was so close that no one was sure who _ (win)the Best Actor award6.Jim is not here right now.He said he _(be)on duty at the library this afternoon.would watch/was going to watchwould play/was going to play would settle/was going to settlewas going to callwould winwould be/was going to be
