1、Unit 4Unit 4HISTORY AND TRADITIONSHISTORY AND TRADITIONSPeriod TwoReading and Thinking课前自主预习课前自主预习.写出与下列短语相对应的汉语/英语1if any_2如果那样的话_3a little bit_4把和连接或联合起来_5break away from sb./sth._6导致_如果有什么的话if so有点；一点儿jointo脱离；背叛；逃脱result in7refer toas_8属于 _9as well as _10例如 _11date back todate from _12一直 _13take
2、 over _14全英国 _15keep your eyes open for_把称为belong to和；还；也for example上溯到；追溯到all the way接管；掌管all over the UK留心；留意.将下列词块与其汉语释义连线1be confused byA起因；由造成2solve a puzzleB包括做某事3join sb.in doing sth.C很惊奇地做某事4result fromD对感到迷茫5be surrounded byE被包围6include doing sth.F解决难题7leave behindG留下8enter intoH全中国9be surp
3、rised to do sth.I加入某人一起做某事10all over ChinaJ成为的一部分；进入【答案】1.D2.F3.I4.A5.E6.B7.G8.J9.C10.H1The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,Englandmany people are confused by _(这些不同的名字意味着什么)2_(逐渐知道)a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.3They introduced the beginnings of the English
4、 language,and _(改变了人们建造房屋的方式)4They _(让城堡被建)all around England,and made changes to the legal system.5The capital city London is a great place to start，_ _(因为它是一个古老的港口城市)that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.6_(如果你睁开你的眼睛),you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past
5、 and its present.【答案】1.what these different names mean 2Getting to know3changed the way people built houses 4had castles built 5as it is an ancient port city 6If you keep your eyes open.阅读理解()1.What is mainly discussed in this passage?AThe history of the United Kingdom.BThe geography of the United K
6、ingdom.CThe people of the United Kingdom.DThe politics of the United Kingdom.()2.Which invaders influenced Londons language most?AAngloSaxons.BRomans.CNormans.DVikings.()3.From the passage，we know that _.Aall the four countries share the same educational systemBthe Romans came to England before the
7、AngloSaxonsCit was easy for Northern Ireland to join England,Scotland and WalesDin the 19th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK()4.How many countries does the UK consist of?ATwo.BThree.CFour.DFive.()5.What should you do if you want to make your trip to the UK more enjoyable?A
8、Know the location.BFind a company.CFind a good guide.DStudy the history of the country ahead of time.【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D.判断正误()1.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve the difference between the United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,England.()2.Finally,in the 19th cent
9、ury,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.()3.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas,for example,the same flag,the same currency and military
10、 defence.()4.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work differently in some areas：they have their own national days and national dishes and their own football teams.()5.London is a great place to start when you want to study the history of the country because it is a modern port city.
11、【答案】1.T2.F3.T4.T5.F.段落大意匹配题1Part 1(Paras.12)AThe history,traditions and culture of the United Kingdom.2Part 2(Para.3)BThe origin of the name of the UK.3Part 3(Paras.45)CThe four countries work together in some areas.【答案】1.B2.C3.A课堂新知讲练课堂新知讲练1defence n防御；保卫(P40)They use the same flag,known as the Uni
12、on Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.【翻译】他们使用同样的国旗，即联合王国国旗，还使用同样的货币和军事防御。defend vt.保护；保卫；为辩护【用法详解】【归纳拓展】(1)in defence(of)为了保卫()build up a defence 筑起一道防线in ones defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护come to ones defence 为某人辩护(2)defendfrom/against防御；保卫以免受All the people were fighting against t
13、he flood in defence of their own homes.为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。针对练习单句语法填空(1)Some think that students should be trained _(defend)themselves against some attacks.(2)The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in _(defend)of their country.(3)When a dog attacked me,I picked up a stick to defend _(
14、I)【答案】(1)to defend(2)defence(3)myself完成句子(4)Mr.Green stood up _ _ _(为辩护)the little boy,saying that he was not the one to blame.(5)Thousands of young men came forward,willing to _ _ _(保卫他们的国家)【答案】(4)in defence of(5)defend their country2surround vt.围绕；包围(P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will
15、 be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.【翻译】几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国的证据。(1)surrounding adj.周边的surroundings n周围的环境(2)surroundwith 用包围be surrounded by/with 被包围【用法详解】The professor likes to surround himself with h
16、is students.那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。The small village is surrounded with green mountains and clear rivers,attracting visitors from every corner.青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。针对练习单句语法填空(1)_(surround)by the forest,the village looks very beautiful.(2)Living in beautiful and comfortable _(surround),we feel very happy.(3)Th
17、ey all went out to look for the lost child in the _(surround)villages.【答案】(1)Surrounded(2)surroundings(3)surrounding完成句子(4)The garden _ _ _(由包围着)a hedge in which many small creatures can live.【答案】is surrounded by/with3evidence n证据；证明(P40)Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by e
18、vidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.【翻译】几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国的证据。evident adj.明显的；明白的【用法详解】【归纳拓展】(1)There is some evidence that 有证据证明look for/search for evidence 寻找证据(2)Its evident that 很明显(3)表示“明显的”形容词还有：clear,apparent,ev
19、ident,obvious。It is evident that the man is highly thought of in the company.很显然，这个人在公司里声望很高。Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。针对练习单句语法填空(1)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are lik
20、ely to continue when they grow up.(2)All the scientific evidence _(show)that increasing use of chemicals in farming _(be)damaging our health.【答案】(1)that(2)shows；is完成句子(3)_ _ _ _ outdoor activities are good for us.有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。(4)_ _ _ _the boy is highly thought of by his teachers.很明显，这个男孩被老师们高
21、度评价。【答案】(3)Theres some evidence that(4)It is evident that4achievement n成就；成绩；达到(P40)Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.【翻译】他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。(1)achieve vt.完成；达到 vi.成功achieve ones goal 实现目标(2)achievement n成就；完成；达到a sense of achievement 成就感make an achievement 取得成就【用法详解
22、】Even a small success can give you a sense of achievement.即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。To achieve his goal,he takes full advantage of his time.他为了实现他的目标，充分利用所有的时间。针对练习单句语法填空(1)The woman scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for those great _(achieve)made by her.(2)Weve had a good start,but more wor
23、k needs to be done _(achieve)the final success.【答案】(1)achievements(2)to achieve完成句子(3)His laziness makes it impossible for him to _ _(获得成功)(4)He finally _ _ _(实现了他的目标)of being a scientist after years of struggle.【答案】(3)achieve success(4)achieved his goal5location n地方；地点；位置(P41)left behind lots of ne
24、w vocabulary,and also the names of many locations across the UK.【翻译】留下很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字。locate vt.坐落于；位于；找出的位置【用法详解】【归纳拓展】(1)the location of the factory工厂的位置the exact/precise location确切位置(2)be located in坐落于；位于locateon the map在地图上找到The location of the factory is close to the railway.工厂地处铁路沿线。One of t
25、he worlds largest art galleries,the Louvre,is located in Paris.作为世界上最大的艺术博物馆之一的卢浮宫坐落于巴黎。针对练习单句语法填空(1)China _(locate)in the east of Asia with the area of 9,600,000 square kilometers.【答案】is located完成句子(2)Mount Huang _ _ _(位于)Anhui Province.(3)The center _ _ _ _ _ _(位于很容易到达许多古迹的地方)many historical sites
26、.【答案】(2)is located in(3)is located within easy reach of6join to 把连接或联结起来(P40)In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.【翻译】16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。(1)jointo 把和连接或联结起来(2)joinand 把和连接起来【用法详解】【归纳拓展】(1)join the army/club 参军/加入俱乐部join in参加(比赛、活动等)join sb.in doing sth
27、.和某人一起做某事(2)connectwith把和联系起来The island，joined to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go.岛上有一座桥，与大陆相连，去那里很方便。People all over the world usually connect China with silk and good food.世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起。【易混辨析】词汇用法attend是正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座等join指加入某个组织成为其中一员，join the army/the Party/the League参军
28、/入党/入团join in指参与某项活动，口语中常与take part in通用take part in 指参加群众性活动、会议，并起积极作用针对练习单句语法填空(1)In the evening there was a barbecue,with the whole village _(join)in the fun.(2)Join one section of pipe_ the next.【答案】(1)joining(2)to/and完成句子(3)It is said that more than two hundred students have _ _ _ _(参加讨论)(4)As
29、far as I know,it is five years since he _ _ _(参军)【答案】(3)joined in the discussion(4)joined the army7break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱(P40)Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain a
30、nd Northern Ireland.【翻译】最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。【用法详解】It took great courage to break away from his family at that time.在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。针对练习用break的相关短语填
31、空(1)If you go on working like that,you will _ sooner or later.(2)A fire _ in this hotel last night and three people were killed.(3)With so many problems unsettled,a few countries wanted to _the Union.(4)In my opinion,marriage based on money is likely to _.【答案】(1)break down(2)broke out(3)break away f
32、rom(4)break up单句改错(5)The boy broke away his mother and ran away._(6)It was the fact that his car broke out on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting._【答案】(5)away后加from(6)out改为down8belong to 属于(P40)The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.【翻译
33、】属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。(1)belongings n财产；所有物personal belongings个人财产；私有物品【用法详解】(2)belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“belonging to”。既没有被动，又不用于进行时，非谓语形式必须用动名词的还有：date back to;date from,judge by,judge from,consist ofNo matter what happens,Taiwan belongs to China.不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。Professor W
34、illiams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the welleducated.威廉姆斯教授一直告诫他的学生们，未来属于受过良好教育的人。针对练习单句语法填空(1)As is known to us,China is a country _(belong)to the third world.(2)My friend will help you move your _(belong)to your new house.【答案】(1)belonging(2)belongings完成句子(3)剪纸有1,500多年的历史，
35、属于中国的传统艺术。Papercutting,_ _ _ traditional art in China,has a history of over 1,500 years.【答案】which belongs to9as well as同(一样也)；和；还(P40)They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.【翻译】他们使用同样的国旗，即联合王国国旗，还使用同样的货币和军事防御。在句型“A as well as/together w
36、ith/along with/with/rather than B谓语动词其他”中，谓语动词和A保持一致，即“就远原则”。【用法详解】【归纳拓展】关于主谓一致，谓语适合就近原则的主要有：neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also，notbut，there be。针对练习单句语法填空(1)Peter as well as his friends _(like)to listen to classical music.(2)Not only he but also his brothers _(work)like mad at the moment.(3)Dr.Smi
37、th,as well as his wife and daughter,_(be)going to visit Beijing this summer.【答案】(1)likes(2)are working(3)is完成句子(4)He grows vegetables _ _ _ flowers.他不但种花，而且种菜。单句改错(5)This training program can give you a lift at work,as good as increase your income by 40%。【答案】(4)as well as(5)good改为well10keep your eye
38、s open(for)留心；留意(P41)If you keep your eyes open,you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.【翻译】如果你留心，你会惊奇地发现，你能看到它的过去和现在。(1)keep ones promise 履行诺言(2)keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(3)keep in touch with和保持联系【用法详解】【归纳拓展】(1)keep up保持；继续(2)keep up with跟上；保持同步；和保持联系(3)kee
39、p back阻止；隐瞒(4)keep away from避免接近(5)keep off使不接近(6)keep on继续Jack has trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.杰克很难跟上班里的其他同学。We must keep them from getting to know our plans.一定不要让他们知道我们的计划。针对练习单句语法填空(1)Keep your eyes open_ a boy in a red sweater.(2)Youre walking so fast that I cant keep up _ you.
40、(3)Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese _burning.【答案】(1)for(2)with(3)from完成句子(4)If you _ _ _ _(留心),you can learn a great deal.(5)I got the feeling he was _ _ _(隐瞒了一些事情)(6)Many people cannot _ _ _(跟上)the development of technology.【答案】(4)keep your eyes open(5)keeping something ba
41、ck(6)keep up with1(P40)So what is the difference between them,if any?【翻译】如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？【考点提炼】本句为if条件状语从句的省略形式。【归纳拓展】if any如果有的话if so如果这样的话if not如果不这样的话if necessary如果有必要的话if possible如果有可能的话Have you ever been here？And if so how many times?你来过这里吗？如果来过，来过几次呢？There may be some mistakes in my composi
42、tion.If any,please help me point them out.我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。Did you cheat in the exam?If so，you wont get away with it.你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你逃脱不了惩罚。【拓展联想】状语从句的省略在使用时间、地点、条件、让步、或原因等之类的状语从句时，如果其中谓语部分含有be的任何一种形式，而其主语又与主句的主语相一致或主语为it时，为避免重复，使语言生动、自然、简洁，常可以省略从句的主语和谓语的部分，特别是动词be。(1)时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when，
43、while，as soon as，once，until等引导；(2)地点状语从句的省略。主要由where，wherever引导；(3)条件状语从句的省略。主要由if，unless，once引导；(4)让步状语从句的省略。主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if/even though，no matter how/what引导。When(he was)still a boy of ten，he started working to support himself.当他仍然是十岁孩子的时候，他就开始工作养活自己。You can add some wor
44、ds to your composition where(it is)necessary.你可以在必要的地方添加一些单词到你的作文中。Once(it was)published，his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.他的作品一出版，就由于每行最后不押韵而出名。Though(he had been)defeated many times，he didnt lose heart.尽管被打败了多次，但是他没有放弃。针对练习完成句子(1)Take the doctors advice._ _(如果
45、是那样的话)，you will overcome distractions in class.(2)I want to avoid the rush hour traffic_ _(如果可能的话)(3)Problem，_ _(如果有的话)，should be solved without delay.(4)Take more exercise._ _(不然的话)，you will be overweight.【答案】(1)If so(2)if possible(3)if any(4)If not单句改错(5)Ill stay up all night,if is necessary,to ge
46、t it finished._【答案】is去掉2(P40)They introduced the beginnings of the English language,and changed the way people built houses.【翻译】他们引进了英语，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。【考点提炼】本句为the way后省略that/in which的定语从句。the way 可在句子中作主语、宾语和方式状语。另外，way表示“方式，方法”时，其后还可以接不定式或of doing sth.的形式。【归纳拓展】(1)句中定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the w
47、ay，其前省略了关系词that/in which；(2)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略；(3)the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。Id like to settle the problem in a way which/that is peaceful.我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。What impressed me most was not what he said but the way(that/in which)he said it.给我留下深刻印象的不是他说的内容而是他说话的方
48、式。The students didnt understand the way(that/in which)the maths teacher solved the problem.学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。针对练习一句多译我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。(1)I dont like _ _ _ _ _ you.(2)I dont like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you.(in which引导的定语从句)(3)I dont like _ _ _ _ _ _ you.(that引导的定语从句)【答案】(1)the way she speaks to(2)the way in whic
49、h she speaks to(3)the way that she speaks to 完成句子(4)The way _ came up at the meeting was unpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切实际。(5)And you should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way _ _ _ _.你应该记住经常与同班同学商量是提高学习的有效方法。【答案】(4)that/which(5)to improve your study3(P41)Ther
50、e is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.【翻译】关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多要学习的。【考点提炼】本句为“there be 主语非谓语动词”结构，这个结构大多翻译为“有”。【归纳拓展】Last night,there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上有数百万人在看开幕式的现场直播。【特别提醒】当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时，不定式用主动形式和
