1、代词代词中考总复习之中考总复习之代词的分类代词的分类中考说明中考说明及及要求:要求:人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 不定代词不定代词 指示代词指示代词 疑问代词疑问代词 人称代词数人称代词数数数单数单数复数复数人称人称一一二二三三一一二二三三主格主格Iyoushe/he/itweyouthey宾格宾格meyouher/him/itusyouthem1.1.人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格时用宾格 They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他他们都很喜欢他。She gave the books to you an
2、d me.这些书是她送给你和我的。这些书是她送给你和我的。2.2.人称代词在作表语时,用宾格人称代词在作表语时,用宾格 Whos knocking at the door?Its me.谁敲门?谁敲门?-是我。是我。3.3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称,第三人称,第一人称第二人称,第三人称,第一人称”You,she and I all enjoy the music.你我她都喜欢音乐。你我她都喜欢音乐。4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland,we hope shell be stronger and
3、bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。The ship is leaving.Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。5.5.it作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等距离、时间、环境等 What the weather like today?Its windy.今天的天气怎么样?今天的天气怎么样?-有风。有风。Its about five minutes walk from home to school.从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约5 5分钟。分钟。6.6.it可作
4、为形式主语,将不定式、动可作为形式主语,将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移,使句子显得名词等构成的主语后移,使句子显得平稳平稳 Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。Its good for you taking a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。物主代词物主代词 形容词性形容词性 名词性名词性 my mine your yours his his her hers its its our ours your yours their theirs1.1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能形容词性
5、物主代词在句中只能作定语作定语 My brother is a worker.我弟弟是个工人。我弟弟是个工人。His parents are very friendly.他的父母非常友善。他的父母非常友善。3.3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系:词的关系:形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词=名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 注意:名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关注意:名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。系是单数还是复数。These books arent ours.Ours are new.(our books=ours)This is no
6、t our room.Ours is over there.(our room=ours)4.“4.“of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”表示所表示所属属 A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友我的一个朋友反身代词反身代词 单数单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 不定代词不定代词 不是指明代替特定名词(或形容词)不是指明代替特定名词(或形容词)的代词的代词
7、all,each,every,both,either,neither none,one,little,few,many,much other,another,some,any,no 由由some,any,no,every 等构成的合成等构成的合成代词代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.1.some/any some(一些(一些,某)一般用于肯定句中某)一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the house.any(一些(一些,任何)多用于疑问句和否定任何)多用于疑问句和否定句句 Do you have any
8、 picture-books?注意:注意:somesome有时也可用于表示请求、征求有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中意见的疑问句中 Would you like some meat?你想要些肉吗?你想要些肉吗?May I ask some questions?我可以问问题吗?我可以问问题吗?Could I have some apples?我可以吃苹果吗?我可以吃苹果吗?Will you give me some water?你能给我些水吗?你能给我些水吗?2.2.many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词修饰或指代复数名词 There are many eggs in the
9、basket.Many of us like playing games.much 修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词 He doesnt know much English.4.the other/others/the others4.the other/others/the others the other the other 1.特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个 He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a doctor.2.修饰名词,特指另一个、另一些修饰名词,特指另一个、另一些 Tom likes swimming,and t
10、he other boys in his class like swimming,too.others泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others.Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物或物 There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.5.5.few/a few/little/a little
11、 few/a few 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 few,little 表示否定意义表示否定意义,译为译为“没没有几个有几个”,“没有多少没有多少”a few,a little 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义,译译为为“有几个有几个”,“有一点有一点”6.every/each6.every/each every单数名词单数名词,表示表示“每一个每一个”,强调共强调共性、整体性、整体,只作定语只作定语,形式上为单数形式上为单数.不与不与of 连用连用 Every child likes playing games.each 表示表示“每一个每
12、一个”,强调个性强调个性,作定语主作定语主语、宾语和同位语语、宾语和同位语,常与常与of 连用连用 Each student was asked to try again.Each of them has a nice skirt.7.7.all/none all“(“(全部全部)都都”,表示三者或三者以上,作表示三者或三者以上,作同位语时同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行行为动词之前为动词之前 We are all from Canada.They all like English.none“没有没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟
13、介词后常跟介词of(谓语动词单、复数均可)(谓语动词单、复数均可)None of us is/are afraid of dogs.8.8.both/either/neither both“(两者)都(两者)都”,作主语时看作复数;作主语时看作复数;作定语时后跟名词复数作定语时后跟名词复数 My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither“(“(两者两者)都不都不”,含有否定意义,含有否定意义,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟作定语时后跟名词单数名词单数 Neither
14、answer is right.either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”,作主语作主语时谓语用第三人称单数时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名作定语时后跟名词单数词单数 There are trees on either side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.有关词组及应用有关词组及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北
15、京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。bothandbothand(谓语动词用复数形式)(谓语动词用复数形式)eitheror/neithernor(谓语动谓语动词遵循就近原则词遵循就近原则)Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和和 Lucy 都在二年级。都在二年级。Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。Neither h
16、e nor I am free today.我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。9.9.Something/anything/nothing Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时,常后置当形容词修饰这些不定代词时,常后置 I have something important to tell you.Is there anything else in the box?Nobody can answer the question.指示代词指示代词 表示空间和时间远近关系的代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括包括:this/that(单数单数)these/tho
17、se(复数复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物指在方位上较远的人或物 This is my shirt,thats yours.These TVs are made in China,those are made in Japan.2.2.that,those常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西,以以免重复免重复 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.3.3.刚才提到的事情,在英文中用刚才提到的事情,在英文中用that *He was ill yester
18、day.Im sorry to hear that.疑问代词疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 常见有:常见有:who whom whose what which 通常做主语通常做主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 表语表语 What makes you think like that?做做主语主语 Who(Whom)were you talking with?做做宾语宾语 Which bus do I need?做定语做定语 Whats your father?做表语做表语 注意:注意:在口语中,在口语中,Who和和Whom通用,通用,但在介词后只能用但在介词后只能用Whom
19、With whom did he play games?With who did he play games?(错错)(2008年广东省汕头市年广东省汕头市)一一Is that _dog?No._is whiteAhis;His Bher;Itis Che;His Dher;Her中考考什么中考考什么?D(重庆市重庆市2008年年)We like Mr.Green because he often tells _ funny stories in class.A.we B.us C.our D.ours(重庆市重庆市2008年年)When shall we go to the museum,t
20、his afternoon or tomorrow morning?_ is OK.Im free these days.A.Both B.All C.EitherD.Neither(2008年天津市年天津市)Is_here?No,John and Bob have asked for leave.A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybodyTry it out()1 Is this your football,boys?No,it is not _ A.yours B.our C.mine D.ours()2 The bird builds _ nest
21、 in the tree.A.her B.its C.its D.hers()3 The maths problem _ is wrong.A.himself B.he C.itself D.herself()4 _ want to see the film.A Every student B Each student C All of students D All the students()5 A lot of people have tried,but _ have succeeded.A.the few B.a few C.few D.little()6 _ of the four r
22、oads will take you to the hospital.A.Both B.Neither C.Any D.Either()7 I have five pencils,one is red,_ is blue and _ are green.A.another,the other B.the other,others C.others,the others D.another,the others()8 I have found _ on the Internet.A.a few informations B.a little informations C.a few inform
23、ation D.a little information()9 I have Chemistry classes _ day,Monday,Wednesday and Friday.A.each other B.every other C.this and other D.all other()10-_ is the man under the tree?-Jims father.A.When B.What C.Where D.Who 11.This stick is _.A.him B.he C.his12.He is always ready to help _.A.another B.t
24、he other C.others13._ is Jacks aunt.A.He B.She C.It14.She sent several cards to _ of her friends.A.some B.any C.no15._ subjects do you have this term?A.Which B.Whose C.What16._ of them has a computer.A.Each B.Every C.All17.Can your brother look after _?A.himself B.him C.his1.8 Which of _ bikes is yo
25、urs?A.this B.that C.these19._ are good friends.A.You,he and I B.She,you and I C.I,you and he20.She hasnt brought _ pen today.Will you lend her _?A.her,your B.hers,yours C.her,yours21.Very _ of them knew the hotel.A.few B.little C.a few22.The jacket is too short.Please show me _.A.other B.another C.o
26、ne23.Some city people grow vegetables _.A.herself B.himself C.themselves用恰当的词填空。用恰当的词填空。1.I am a student._ name is Lily.I often teach _ English.2.Tom is too young.Please look after _.3.He is fourteen._ name is Tom.This book is _.He can look after _.4.Well go fishing later.Would you like to come with
27、 _?5.Looking at the boys._ are playing games._ names are Mike and Bill.They enjoy _.My myself himHis his himself us They Their themselves 写作:(计15分)下面是汶川地震中的一张照片。它记录了一个叫郎铮的三岁男孩在地震十小时后被解放军从废墟(debris)中救出(rescue)。躺在担架(stretcher)上的他慢慢地举起右手向救他的人敬礼(salute to)。请你以“感动”为题,用英语简单描述这个故事并写出你的感想。要求:故事描述要包括提供的所有信息。
28、字数:80-100。短文开头已给出,不计入总字数。MovedAt 14:28 on May 12,an earthquake broke out in Wenchuan.Soon people all over China went to the rescue._ _ _ _ _(例文)例文)MovedAt 14:28 on May 12,an earthquake broke out in Wenchuan.Soon people all over China went to the rescue.A three-year-old boy named Lang Zheng was rescu
29、ed from the debris by the PLA men ten hours after the earthquake.While he was lying on the stretcher,he slowly raised his right hand and saluted to the soldiers.His salute not only expressed his thanks to the people who saved him,but also moved the people around him.I was also deeply moved by his sa
30、lute.As a three-year-old boy,he knew that the first thing to do was to express his thanks after he was saved.It is the good nature of the Chinese people.Homework today1.抄考试说明单词抄考试说明单词第第4666个个(每个每个2行行)2.做学考精练做学考精练冠冠词剩下的练习词剩下的练习3.预习预习数数词词 The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句1.The man is a worker.2.The man i
31、s speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子:The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子的句子.(Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is
32、 a girl who has long hair.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when关系词作用关系词作用 1.代替代替先行词先行词;2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分;3.同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。(把主先行词与它引导的定语从句。(把主句和从句连起来)句和从句连起来)v 关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词,所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词
33、之词,所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后,而且它的后,而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 首先,要看先行词。首先,要看先行词。如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后,要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词 主格主格 宾格宾格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich
34、,thatwhose,of which 最后,定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致最后,定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)定语从句的用法定语从句
35、的用法:当先行词是物时当先行词是物时,用用which 或或that引导引导.These are the trees which were planted last year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语t
36、he tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits i
37、n front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.Whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语,在口在口语和非正式文体中常用语和非正式文体中常用who代替,代替,可以省略可以省略.The woman whom/who they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语 The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(whom)everyone likes is
38、 kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)作宾语可省略)The man(who)I talked with i
39、s our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teac
40、her.作定语作定语关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略.The w
41、oman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.4.which 4.which 指物,作主语或宾语指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which
42、you borrow books?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.Can you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen(wh
43、ich)I wrote with just now?1)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)The room(that)I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.关系代词与介词关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前介词放在关系代词的前面时面时,介词宾语只能
44、用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 先行词是物,关系词只能用先行词是物,关系词只能用that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数序数词词修饰时修饰时 This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we will take part in will be held in the afternoon
45、.2.先行词是先行词是 something,nothing,anything,little,few,much,many,all,等等不定代词不定代词时时 Here is something(that)I will tell you.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one,或用或用 little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,
46、the last 作修饰时作修饰时 Is it the one that you want?I havent got much that I can offer you.5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时,用时,用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?先行词前有the only,the very,the same,the last等词修饰时,只能用that。例如:This is the same bike that I lost.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。例如
47、:Who is the girl that is crying?先行词是物关系词只能用which不能用that的情况:先行词为that,those时,只能用which。例如:What is that which is under the desk?Those are the books(which)I bought yesterday.关系词前有介词时,This is the room in which he lives.注注:who、that在指人可以通用,但下列在指人可以通用,但下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时,时,关
48、系词使用关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?2).在在there be 句型中,先行词指人句型中,先行词指人,关系词关系词用用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhi
49、ch/thatwhose3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.whi
50、ch/that7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜