1、概要写作概要写作 1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Matthew speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a dozen more.We work in the same office in Berlin so I constantly hear him using his skills，switching from language to language like a chameleon(变色龙) changing colors.When I told Matthew how Ive b
2、een struggling to merely pick up a second language，he had the following advice for me. If you dont have a good reason to learn a language ，you are less likely to stay motivated over the longrun.Wanting to impress Englishspeakers with your French is not a very good reason; wanting to get to know a Fr
3、ench person in his or her own language is another matter entirely.No matter what your reason is，once youve decided on a language，its very important to commit: “OK，I want to learn this and Im therefore going to do as much as I can in this language，with this language and for this language.” Matthew le
4、arned several languages together with his twin brother Michael.“We were very motivated，and we still are.We push each other to really go for it.So if he realizes that Im doing more than he is hell be full of envy and then try to beat me.” Even if you cant get a brother or sister to join you on your l
5、anguage adventure，having any kind of partner will push both of you to always try just a little bit harder and stay with it. When you have no one else to speak to，theres nothing wrong with talking to yourself.This can keep new words and phrases fresh in your mind and build up your confidence for the
6、next time you speak with someone. Talking to people will keep the learning process relevant to you: “Youre learning a language to be able to use it.The creative side is really being able to put the language that youre learning into your everyday life.For example，you can go to the Greek restaurant do
7、wn the road and order in Greek.” 【答案】Matthew who speaks and understands many languages gives some advice on learning a second language.He thinks that to learn a language well ， first you must have a good reason to stay motivated.Then you should find a partner to push each other.Besides，talking to yo
8、urself when you have no one else to speak to is a really good idea.Finally，you should use the language in your everyday life. 2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 The printing press had a long history.It was invented in Germany by Joannes Gutenberg around 1440，and brought to England by William Caxton in t
9、he 1470s.Yet the basic technology of printing remained the same up to the end of the 18th century，requiring two men to operate a wooden screw press by hand， producing about 200 impressions an hour.The 19th century was the period in which this process was mechanised(机械化)，automated，and made many times
10、 faster. A key moment in the development of mass newspapers was the development of the steampowered printing press，adopted by theTimesin 1814.The new presses were able to print per hour around five times the number produced by the machines they replaced.The editor，John Walter，had the machines fixed
11、secretly at night，so that when his printers reported for duty the next morning the majority of them found that they were out of work.TheTimeswent from a circulation(发行量) of 5,000 a day in 1815 to around 50,000 in the middle of the century.This was not caused only by the steam press，but neither could
12、 it have happened without it. Later developments improved this effect: the Applegath machine achieved 5,000 impressions per hour， and the Hoe press，an import from the United States，reached to 20,000 impressions per hour.Increases in the speed of papermaking in this period brought down the cost of pr
13、inted material both for the producer and the customer.In 1896，theDailyMailwas sold at the cost of only half a penny，and by 1900 it was selling nearly 1,000,000 copies a day. If print production was completely changed in those years，then so was its distribution(分销)The appearance of the steam railway
14、meant that for the first time newspapers could be distributed across the country on a daily basis. 【答案】The passage mainly deals with the history of the printing press.The first printing press was invented in Germany by Joannes Gutenberg around 1440.It remained the same up to the end of the 18th cent
15、ury.Then in the 19th century it was mechanised，automated，and made many times faster，such as the Applegath machine，the Hoe press.At the same time its development led to the low cost and the wide distribution of newspapers. 3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 One of my MBA students who recently moved to Ho
16、uston from Europe was puzzled by so many mattress(床垫) stores she found here.She said that in America，there appear to be more mattress stores than there are Starbucks shops.And this is saying something because the city of Houston alone has 135 Starbucks stores.She wondered whether the denseness( 密 集
17、) of mattress stores said something about Americans, something about mattresses，or whether it was about something else entirely. I admit I was confused by the question.In spite of driving past many mattress stores regularly，I had never considered why they appeared to be popping up like weeds.So afte
18、r some research and a bit of thinking， here is why I think there are so many mattress stores in America.The answer is more complicated than one might think. Compared to its listed price ， it costs little money to make a mattress.Consumer Reports says that markups(加价) in the 4050% range are standard.
19、Once a mattress price reaches over1,000， markups are even higher.For instance，one check of a 3,000 mattress has found that it costs about 300 to make，resulting in an astonishing 900% markup.That is a lot of profit when you consider that the average mattress sold is priced at well over 1,000. In old
20、America，the bed was considered a familys most important possession.In a fire，it was the very first thing to be removed to safety by firemen.Today ， beds are just as important.Most people buy mattresses rarelyabout once every decadeand they do so with a lot of thought and effort.Not surprisingly，unli
21、ke sales of clothes online，most Americans still prefer to try out different mattresses and make the purchase in a store. I want to make one final point which might explain my European students surprise.America has 46 square feet of retail space a person，while the number in the UK is 9 square feet，or
22、 less than one fifth as much.So seen with European eyes，America has too many mattress stores. 【答案】The passage is mainly about the reasons for too many mattress stores in America.The writer thinks there are three reasons.First，there is much profit in selling mattresses.Second，most Americans prefer to
23、 try out different mattresses and make the purchase in a store.The third one is that America has more square feet of retail space a person than Europe. 4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Some post80s graduates have given up the dream of working in a big city，and heading back home has become part of futu
24、re job consideration.Two of the more common ones are trying to avoid the intense competition and the pressure，and seeing unprecedented opportunities in the growing economies back home. Chang Ping，a 22yearold student from Hainan University，said that if he would decide on starting his business，hed cer
25、tainly return to his hometown，Xiangfan，in Hubei Province.That was because he has his own network of people who could help him in every way.Also，he could get some good business ideas like setting up advanced kindergartens in small cities.If no one was doing that，the chance of being successful seemed
26、higher. But Chen Haihua，a college student from Guangzhou Medical College，said that she would plan to stick to a big city ， Guangzhou ， instead of going back to her hometown ， Zhanjiang ， in Guangdong Province.She wanted to struggle in the big city for a more exciting，better life.She explained that s
27、he also could be a role model，letting the kids in her hometown work hard to go to key universities. 【答案】Post80s graduates hold different views towards job choices.Some graduates，like Chang Ping，will head back to his hometown where he is more likely to succeed to avoid the competition and pressure in
28、 big cities，while others，like Chen Haihua，would prefer to stay in big cities to seek a better job to live a better life. 5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 The serious decline in the health of Chinese students is causing concern among parents，schools and experts.The next generations future is in danger
29、and there is a need to understand the causes of the problem and find a solution. In the last 10 years，studies have found an alarming increase in： ObesityThe number of overweight in middle school students has doubled.Poor diet，especially the overeating of junk food and the overdrinking of soft drinks
30、 ， and the lack of physical activities are identified as the main reasons for this problem. Poor eyesightMore students now wear glasses from an early age.Long hours of study and heavy use of computers and mobile phones are most commonly blamed. StressStudents feel under more pressure to succeed than
31、 ever before.The long hours of study and homework they must do to achieve success，plus pressure from parents and schools are the main causes. Some have suggested including Physical Education (P.E.) in the College Entrance Examinations as a possible solution to students health problems.They say this
32、will force students to be more active，play sports and therefore lose weight.Others，however，oppose the idea，saying that adding one more test to the College Entrance Examinations would only increase students workload and stress and would actually worsen their overall health. Although there is no easy
33、answer，all agree that something must be done to stop the serious decline in students health. 【答案】This passage lists some of the causes for the decline of Chinese students health, such as obesity, poor eyesight, stress, and discusses one possible solution to the problemincluding PE.in the College Ent
34、rance Examinations, but it also causes debates.Anyhow ， it is time to take measures to solve the problem. 6.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you.Eating the right kind of food is very important.It can keep your body strong，so you should tak
35、e care of what you eat. There are four main food groups altogether.The dairy products group has food like milk.The other three groups are the meat and fish group，the fruit and vegetable group，and the bread and rice group.Each meal should have at least one food from all the four main groups.With all
36、these food together you will be given enough energy during the day. It is easy to get into bad eating habits.You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time.Or you may not have time for a good lunch.It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time.But you will f
37、ind yourself tired during these days and you can not think quickly. Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong.It is also good to take some exercise.It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air.Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the
38、key to your health. 【答案】We are what we eat.What we eat depends on four main food groups.When we have got enough energy from all the food together，we can keep fit.We shouldnt get into bad eating habits，which will make our bodies work improperly.In a word，a good eating habit with some exercise is good
39、 for our health. 7.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Chen Yuhang doesnt know why ， but every year when the Spring Festival arrives ， the 25yearold civil servant feels a natural impulse(冲动) to go home.Not to the one he rents in Beijing，but the old apartment back in Jiangxi Province.Its not an easy ride.It
40、s a feeling Chen shares with many people in China at this time of year. What makes home so unique in the Chinese value system？“The family has social function，” says Ye Tao，a researcher specializing in folklore(民俗)“The deep roots of family culture come from the warmth of being with relatives，and beca
41、use the family as a unit，has long been regarded as an important part of the social mechanism.” Thats why Chinas long history of a shared lifestyle is so fundamental in shaping peoples attitudes towards home：it is not only a place to live，but also a social responsibility. 【答案】The passage tells us tha
42、t when the Spring Festival arrives，millions of people like Chen Yuhang feel a natural impulse to go home.Home is unique in the Chinese value system and Chinas long history of a shared lifestyle is so fundamental in shaping peoples attitudes towards home.Experts also give explanations to this phenome
43、non. 8.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Recently，a video of a Chinese mainland mother defending her child after he relieved himself on a Hong Kong street has ignited heated debate across the country. While traveling with his parents，the 2yearold boy urinated(小便) on the street in Mongkok， a popular shopp
44、ing spot for many visitors traveling to the island city. When a young man photographed the scene “out of disgust at the behavior”，the babys parents fought with him and tried to take his camera.The mother explained that theyd queued for a long time and the kid couldnt help any more.Local passersby so
45、on joined in the argument ： most supporting the photographer and criticizing the parents for not showing due respect for local Hong Kong customs. The issue started a war of words on Weibo. Some net users have criticized the attitude of the local Hong Kong people towards the mainland visitors.They ar
46、gue that the incident demonstrates how many Hong Kong people wrongly look down on mainland Chinese. At the other extreme of the debate are those who are critical of the mainland couple for bringing shame on the people of China through their actions. 【答案】A heated debate was going on when a Chinese ma
47、inland mother defended her child after he relieved himself on a Hong Kong street.There was also a debate on the Internet.Net users hold different opinions on the issue.Some have criticized the attitude of the local Hong Kong people towards the mainland visitors, while others have criticized the main
48、land couple. 9.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 English is probably the most widely used language in the world today.It is the standard language for international communication in areas as diverse as science，information technology，business，air and sea transportation，entertainment and government relation
49、s. The spread of English across the world began more than 400 years ago.Britain introduced the language to the countries it discovered or controlled，and by the end of the 19th century，it was already the main language used in the United States ， Canada ， Australia and New Zealand.But it was the growing economic，political and cultural influence of the USA after World War that sped up the use of the language across the planet.English overtook French as the main language of communication between governments during the second half of the 19th century.En
