1、n语言学家Wilkings:n“Without grammar,very little can be conveyed.nWithout vocabulary,nothing can be conveyed.”语言学家LAUFER通过调查发现，外语学习者如拥有5000词汇量，阅读正确率可达56，词汇量6400，阅读正确率63，5000词汇量是个阅读所需词汇量的下限。美国语言学家DILLER作过一个统计，如果我们认得25个最常见的英文单词，那么平均每页纸上的字我们就会认识1/3,如果我们认识135个常用词，平均每页纸上的字，我们则认得50，如果认得2500个单词，则为78，如果5000个单词，则
2、为86，如果10000个单词，则为92。他同时认为，外语学习者要想比较顺利阅读中等难度的文章，10000个词汇量是最基本的条件。他进一步指出，如果其中1000个单词是某一专业的专门词汇，那么，外语学习者在阅读有关该专业的文章时，阅读效率会更高.2020世纪末世界部分国家中学英语词汇量设置世纪末世界部分国家中学英语词汇量设置国家国家中学词汇量中学词汇量俄罗斯俄罗斯90009000西班牙西班牙60006000日本日本50005000南朝鲜南朝鲜50005000中国（旧大纲）中国（旧大纲）1800-23001800-2300高中课程标准词汇总量高中课程标准词汇总量3600-41003600-4100
3、3新课程标准对词汇量的要求新课程标准对词汇量的要求五级：理解和掌握五级：理解和掌握1500-16001500-1600个单词和个单词和200-300200-300个习惯用语或固定搭配；个习惯用语或固定搭配；七级：学会使用七级：学会使用2400-25002400-2500个个单词和单词和300-400300-400个个习惯用语或固定搭配；习惯用语或固定搭配；八级：学会使用八级：学会使用3 3300300个个左右的单词和左右的单词和400-500400-500个个习惯用语或固定搭配；习惯用语或固定搭配；九级：学会使用九级：学会使用45004500个左右的单词和一定数量个左右的单词和一定数量的习惯用
4、语或固定搭配。的习惯用语或固定搭配。4考试说明是这样描述的：英语单词的含英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。能力。Why to teach(The importance):WORD The UsageThe spellingThe Part of SpeechThe DefinitionThe ConnotationsThe Assoc
5、iationThe PronunciationThe Grammar BehaviorThe derivationThe Collocation:To understand the word when its spoken or writtenTo recall it when you need itTo use it with the correct meaning and form.To pronounce it correctlyTo know which other words you can(or cant)use with itTo use it in the right situ
6、ationTo know if it has positive or negative connotationsTo know when and when not to use it（1）通过周密地控制或安排阅读材料中的词汇，使学生接触 目标词汇；（2）在生词自然出现时介绍词汇的意思；（3）把词汇教学与其他教学活动结合 起来；（4）单独的词汇教学活动。我们可以把这些方法作为高中英语词汇教学的“宏观策 略”来指导我们的实践。How should vocabulary be taught?:语词汇教学研究者对词汇教学的途径取得了广泛的共识:一是直接教学法，即以词汇教学为教学目标，对词的结构、意义和
7、用法进行分析、讲解和操练。其优点是效率比较高，不足之处是学生从语境中猜测词义的机会较少。二是间接教学法，即通过阅读、听说等活动，间接地达到扩大词汇量的目的。其优点是学生可以从多种不同的语境中学习词汇的意义和用法，缺点是不够集中，效率较低。How should vocabulary be taught?:策略一：发掘同根词，掌握构词法常识。策略二：分类强化，关注特殊，重点突破。策略三：重视熟词生义/新性适度拓展 策略四：重视具体语境下的词汇应用训练。策略五：坚持不懈，持之以恒：每日5-10分钟；阅读中积累、增加词汇量；策略六：词汇扩展本：对于复习阶段在阅读等中遇到的生词，要及时摘抄到词汇扩展本上
8、，并不时复习、巩固。策略七：与时俱进，使用一些网络背单词工具，比如百词斩，扇贝打卡等。How should vocabulary be taught?:进行词汇教学的实践:1.实践课例一：用上下文学习和掌握词义2.实践课例二：幽默联想找单词间规律，自编自用3.实践课例三：用头脑风暴和思维导图建词汇库4.实践课例四：外形联想法记忆5.实践课例五：用多手段加大语言输入，巩固和扩大词汇6.实践课例六：配情景图片、用真实语境，促词汇活用7.实践课例七：在任务型教学中促学词汇nMy parents are presenting the people present with presents at pr
9、esent.nThe boy laying the table lied that the hen lying there had just laid two big eggs.nThe sleeping child is sound asleep now,so by the time he is awake,he wont feel sleepy.Example1:一词多义 说（say,speak,tell,talk）explainrepeatshoutwhisperaddreport reply(answer)continueannouncedeclaresuggest/advisemur
10、murdemandagreerefusecomplainimplyadmit解释说重复说大声说低声说补充说报告说暗示说回答说承认说埋怨说继续说拒绝说要求说宣布说同意说咕哝说宣布说建议说Example2:“说”的表达方式(一义多词)Example2:“说”的表达方式(一义多词)静Quiet Calm Still Silent Example3:词汇教学语境化词汇教学语境化n Today is my birthday.When I came home with a light heart（adj.轻松的）,my parents were busy preparing dinner.The ligh
11、t in the room was poor（n.光线）,so I turned on the lights（n.灯）.Now our room was bright with all the lights on.（n.灯）Soon dinner was ready.My father turned off the lights（n.灯）and lighted（v.点燃）the candles on the cake which lit up（v.照亮，使明亮）the room.Light music（轻音乐）was played.I prayed for my dream.When I op
12、ened my eyes,the lights（n.灯）were on again.In my mothers hand lay a present which was a light（adj.轻的）silk scarf with a light(adj.浅色的，淡色的)blue flower in the middle.How beautiful it was!How happy I was!1.Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes from the volcanoes.2.There is a mutton and a b
13、utton at the bottom of the bottle.3.Does your lover love your glove?4.Believe it or not,the sweat in my sweater is sweet,so Id like to eat it.5.恐怖分子飞机clash了世贸大厦，飞机crash了，世贸smash了，变成了ash，小Bush感到很abash，因为他需要很多cash。Example1:幽默地利用联想，找单词之间规律，自编自用冬日找工作空气中透着chill(寒意)吞下了两颗pill(药丸)出门走去woolen mill(毛纺厂)一定把梦想fu
14、lfill(实现)心里激动身体thrill(发抖)牛奶不慎被spill(洒落)唉!天不从人will(意愿)还是卖肉回家grill(烧烤)先把肚子fulfill(填满)犒劳自己鼓起极大的nerve(勇气)把豪华酒店reserve(预定)享受专人来serve(伺候)这一切我都deserve(值得)Example2:规律词幽默串烧，自编自用潇洒活一把生活别把人rely(依靠)自己的信念comply(遵守)喜欢的职位apply(申请)自由自在butterfly(蝴蝶)Example3:规律词幽默串烧，自编自用村长选举村里正在elect(选举)要把村长select(挑选)民意正在collect(搜集)讲
15、的虽是dialect(方言)内容不能neglect(忽视)祝英台的心愿梁兄是我classmate(同班同学)平日与我intimate(亲密的)对我十分considerate(体贴的)梦想成为他的mate(配偶)可在离别的date(日子)他却把我irritate(激怒)未成心愿ultimate(最终的)只能说成：“Thats fate(命运)！”Example4:规律词幽默串烧，自编自用friendshipF:R:E:N:D:S:H:I:P:faithful frank friendly fairreal reliable responsiblerespectfuleasy-going ever
16、lastingencouragingequalnice nobledevoted determined dynamicsincere secure selfless smarthelpfulhonest hopefulindependentinspiringpolite patientpleasantExample1 一词辐射husbandH:U:S:B:A:N:D:Housing UnderstandingsharingbuyingandneverdemandingExample1 一词辐射Then what about“wife”?Washing IroningFoodEntertainm
17、entWife What to take when traveling?backpacksuitcasecredit cardID cards/passportsa cell phonesome foodmedicinecameraan atlascompassumbrellamobile phonematchExample2:中心主题的“顺藤摸瓜”1.amaze/amuze 2.bound/round 3.brave/grave 4.bunch/brunch 5.block/black 6.peach/beach 7.blood/flood 8.insect/insert 9.adopt/a
18、dpat 10.gain/pain11.award/aware 12.tough/rough 13.concept/concert 14.content/context 15.certain/curtain 16.dawn/down 17.tour/pour 18.patent/patient Example1:利用相似“长相”只有lank瘦又长,b在lank前变空格(blank)f在lank前是侧翼(flank)p在lank前厚木板(plank)lank 变rank是排名 前面加C是曲柄(crank)前面加f真坦白(frank)前面加p才是恶作剧(prank)Example2:利用相似“长相
19、”A.动词过去式、过去分词、现在分词的特殊变化形式 light(lit,lit 或-ed,-ed)v,n&a hang(hung,hung 或 ed，-ed)v wind(wound,wound 或-ed,-ed)occurred;referred;preferred;banned;picnic-picnicked/picnicking)；deal-dealt-dealtbeat-beat-beaten 注意:offer-offeredB.词形变化不同，用法或意义不同的。如：分类强化，关注特殊，重点突破高考英语词汇复习1.根据上下文关系猜词Unlike his brother,who is t
20、ruly a handsome man,John is quite homely“homely”means“”.A.Comfortable B.familiar C.easy D.Ugly2.根据词性转化 Many people crowded the house.To our relief,the government housed the victims right after the earthquake.A.关注熟词生义、适度拓展。高考英语词汇复习 3.根据构词法 But child experts are now learning about that too much praise
21、 can lead to the opposite effect.Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends.A.Tired of being praised B.Worthy of being praisedC.Very proud of being praised D.Extremely fond of being praised高考英语词汇复习A.关注熟词生义、适度拓展。4.平时注意积累常见词不常见
22、义 (Book1 Unit5 Nelson Mandela）(Book8 unit4 Pygmalion)(Book7 Unit4 Sharing)The last 30 years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress.I know youre dying to hear all about my life here,so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.You can
23、 place a man by just a few remarks.高考英语词汇复习A.关注熟词生义、适度拓展。1)can(modal v);can(n);2)close(v);close(a&ad)3)fair(a);fair(n.)4)firm(n.);firm(a)5)flat(n);flat(a)6)fall(fell,fallen)(v);fall(Am)=autumn 7)kind(n);kind(a)8)fly(flew,flown)(v);fly(n)B.关注18对“熟词新性”的词高考英语词汇复习 9)lie(n&v);lie(lay,lain)(v)10)miss(v);m
24、iss(n)11)mine(pron);mine(n&v)12)make(made,made)(v);make(n)13)patient(n);patient(a)14)post(n);post(v&n)15)present(a&v);present(n)16)tear(tore,torn)(v);tear(n)17)bow(v);bow(n)18)press(v);press(n)高考英语词汇复习B.关注18对“熟词新性”的词词组教学为难点重点！艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线33遗忘先慢后快的规律遗忘先慢后快的规律4 4小时小时9 9小小时时1.1.及时强化原则及时强化原则 34词汇记得快
25、，忘得也快，能否及时复习关系重大。根词汇记得快，忘得也快，能否及时复习关系重大。根据据“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”的遗忘先快后慢的规律，学的遗忘先快后慢的规律，学生记忆过的词汇在生记忆过的词汇在4 4小时，最迟在小时，最迟在9 9小时内一定要复习小时内一定要复习一遍。培养学生养成及时的复习强化的习惯是词汇教一遍。培养学生养成及时的复习强化的习惯是词汇教学成功的关键。学成功的关键。Kachroo(1962)研究发现，要成功地记住一个生词，学研究发现，要成功地记住一个生词，学生至少得连续遇到它七次，而生至少得连续遇到它七次，而Saragi et a1(1978)则指则指出不断地碰到一个单词
26、出不断地碰到一个单词16次之后，学生才能自然地记次之后，学生才能自然地记住它。在中国学生不具备广泛阅读的条件下，定期复住它。在中国学生不具备广泛阅读的条件下，定期复习加深记忆显得更为重要。习加深记忆显得更为重要。2.2.学以致用原则学以致用原则 35学以致用的四个主要途径学以致用的四个主要途径一、用刚学过的单词造句或在口语或写作中运用；一、用刚学过的单词造句或在口语或写作中运用；二、持之以恒的课外阅读；视频，美剧，歌曲。二、持之以恒的课外阅读；视频，美剧，歌曲。三、做适量的词汇题和其他类型的典型试题；三、做适量的词汇题和其他类型的典型试题；四、适量的汉译英练习（四、适量的汉译英练习（Ching
27、lish现象）；现象）；五、写英语日记。五、写英语日记。Make up a story using the words in the unit.nBook7 unit 2 RobotsnSympathy,satisfaction,accompany,elegant,awful,divorce,imagine,obey,envy,declare.nOne possible version.nMy best friend Tom is in an awful state recently because his parents got divorced.When I heard Tom decla
28、re the news,I cant imagine my ears.Toms mother was an elegant lady who always obeyed his fathers orders.I used to envy Tom his beautiful and kind mother.Now,as his best friend,I feel obliged to accompany him and show my sympathy for him.To my satisfaction,Tom recovers from the terrible mood quite soon.
