1、翻译中的词汇处理（一）,词汇处理的方方面面,Once bitten, twice shy. Live and learn Weeping willow Cats-eye Brown envelop Brown-nose,Once bitten, twice shy. 一回上当二回聪明。 Live and learn. 涨见识了！ Weeping willow 垂柳 Cats-eye 反光路标 Brown envelop 牛皮纸 Brown-nose 拍马屁,信鸽 处在冲刺阶段 加班车 热点地区 事故多发路段 积分卡,信鸽 homing pigeon / carrier pigeon 处在冲刺阶
2、段：on the home stretch 加班车 relief bus 热点地区 popular / magnetic tourist attraction 事故多发路段: black spot 积分卡：loyalty card,“ I was never cut out to be a doctor.” she said recently. “I got queasy, found it unappetizing and didnt find it stimulating particularly either.”,译1：前不久，她说：“我没从想过要当医生。当医生我感到不自在，觉得没有吸引
3、力，也不感到特别刺激。”,译2：前不久，她说：“我根本就不是当医生的料。当医生我感到不自在，觉得没有吸引力，也不感到特别刺激。”,Those closest to Tenet tended to discount the more conspiratorial explanations. “Im probably the only person in Washington who takes George at face value,” said former national security adviser Samuel R. Berger, who said ,译1：“我大概是华盛顿唯一
4、从表面意义看待乔治的人。”,译2：“我大概是华盛顿唯一从对乔治信以为真的人。”,There, Hollywood stars and the worlds good and great have gathered as part of a larger but exclusive list of guests to party through the night over the years,译1：世界上的好人和伟人 译：世界名流阿,“Men in China have trouble marrying up; they usually want to marry down.” says Ma
5、rtin Whyte of Harvard. “But the desirable women are moving up.”,译1：哈佛大学的马丁怀特说：中国男性结婚时要高攀比他们条件好的女性有困难，他们通常想和条件不如他们的女性结婚。但是，条件好的女性的人数却越来越多。”,译2：哈佛大学的马丁怀特说：中国男性结婚时要高攀比他们条件好的女性有困难，他们通常想和条件不如他们的女性结婚。但是，条件好的女性却要找条件比自己好的。”,Point 1: 精确意义,Individualism 金鸡奖 走狗 宣传部门,Individualism：个性的注重 （Not: 个人主义） 金鸡奖： Golden
6、Rooster Award ( Not: Golden Cock Award) 走狗： lackey (Not: walking dog) 宣传部门 publicity department (Not: propaganda department),物质文明: material civilization 精神文明：spiritual civilization,物质文明: material civilization 精神文明：cultural and ethical progress,Point 2: 文化（联想）意义,Aggressive nations An aggressive sales
7、man He incited the soldiers to fight bravely. He was accused of inciting people to violence. He boasted that he can This hotel boasts the up-to-date conferencing system. 乡下人 乡巴佬,Aggressive nations 侵略性国家 An aggressive salesman 有闯劲的推销员 He incited the soldiers to fight bravely.激励 He was accused of inci
8、ting people to violence. 煽动 He boasted that he can 吹嘘 This hotel boasts the up-to-date conferencing system.自豪地拥有 乡下人 country cousin / country folk 乡巴佬 country bumpkin,deep scholar / deep book childlike / childish steadfast / obstinate statesman / politician bookworm / bibliophile,Point 3: 情感意义,Build
9、 a house / ship / bridge / fire / car / ones confidence / talents / a harmonious society / a bright future / a good reputation / a theory,build a house 建房 build a ship 造船 build a bridge 架桥 build a fire 生火 build a car 造汽车 build ones confidence 树立信心 build talents 培养人才 build a harmonious society 构建和谐社会
10、 build a bright future 创造光明未来 build a good reputation 打出好名声 build a theory 创建理论,Good manners Good soil Good student Good son Good mother / father Good living Good eater Good sleeper A good 3 hours Good watch Good question Good humor,Good manners 礼貌 Good soil 肥沃的土壤 Good student 刻苦的学生 Good son 孝顺的儿子 G
11、ood mother / father Good living 生活优越 Good eater 很能睡的人 Good sleeper 很能睡的人 A good 3 hours 整治三小时 Good watch 走时挺准的手表 Good question 很难回答的问题 Good humor 心情好,老关系，老客户，老黄牛，老色鬼（烟枪），老笑话,（参考译文：long-standing relationship; long-standing customer (client); inveterate womanizer (smoker); stale joke）,提高环保意识： 提高人民生活水平
12、：,提高环保意识：increase / heighten / raise / promote the environmental awareness 提高人民生活水平： improve peoples standards of living,Point 4: 搭配意义,我想征求一下您对这节课的意见？ Im desirous of exploring your view on this lecture.,我想征求一下您对这节课的意见？ Im desirous of exploring your view on this lecture. 改为：Id like to have your comme
13、nts about this lecture.,母亲 妈妈 妈咪 诞辰 生日 清晨 早上 散步 溜达 大夫 医生 乘 坐 致 给 给予 给 兹 现在 本 这 飞翔 飞 心灵 心 寂静 静 之夜 半夜,Lively 栩栩如生 生动的 Irrelevant 风马牛不相及 无关 Identical 千篇一律 相同 Frightened 害怕 胆战心惊 Great contribution 巨大贡献 丰功伟绩 Meager food 简单的食物 粗茶淡饭,This contract is made and signed by and between XX and XXX. What the devil
14、 use would they be to Pickering? Well, it aint my fault.,This contract is made and signed by and between XX and XXX. 本合同由 XX 与XXX共同签订。 What the devil use would they be to Pickering? 皮克林要它有个鬼用啊？ Well, it aint my fault. 呃，这可没是俺的的错。,（Spring up terrified ) I aint done nothing wrong by speaking to the ge
15、ntleman. Ive a right to sell flowers if I keep off the kert. (hysterically) Im a respectable girl: so help me. I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flower from me.,译文1（吓了一跳）我和那位先生说话，又不算是做了什么错事。我有权利卖花，只要我不在人行道上。（歇斯底里地）我是一个值得尊敬的女孩子：帮帮我，我除了请他买我一枝花，根本没和她说别的话。,译文2 （吓得跳起来）咱跟那位先生说句话不能算是做坏事呀，咱卖花又
16、不犯法，又没在人行道上。（害怕地大叫）咱可是个正经人家的女孩子。帮帮我，咱也没说别的，就是请他买一枝花。（杨宪益）,译文3 （吓得跳起来）咱和那个人讲句话，没能算是做错了什么。咱有权利卖花，只要冇占人行道。（害怕地大叫）咱可是个正经女孩子。帮一下咱，咱除了叫他买我一枝花，别的啥也没说。（我译）,Point 5: 文体意义,A military jury acquitted a Marine pilot on Thursday of all charges that he recklessly flew his fighter jet into an Italian gondola cable,
17、 killing 20 people more than a year ago. Capt. Richard Ashaby, 31, was charged with 20 counts of involuntary manslaughter and one each of destroying government property, destroying private property, dereliction of duty and failure to plan the fight properly.,设在美国北卡罗莱纳州的这家军事法庭的8人陪审团是在经过两天共7个半小时的审议之后，
18、裁定针对阿什比的20项过失杀人罪 （改为：涉及20人命的杀人罪）名以及各项毁坏国有财产、毁坏私人财产、玩忽职守等罪名。,The teenage gun enthusiast enjoyed violent games and kept his parents in the dark about his humiliating expulsion from school.,对父母隐瞒着。（Not: 使他的父母限于黑暗之中）,About Face A History of Americas Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton,
19、About Face A History of Americas Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton,About Face A History of Americas Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton 关于面子从尼克松到克林顿的中美奇特关系史 （?),About Face A History of Americas Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton 一百八十度转弯从尼克松到克林
20、顿的中美奇异关系史,Heres McDonalds trying to change its image and promote itself as providing a healthy diet and the big boss dies of a heart attack.,and 可以表示转折，因果等多种逻辑关系,Russian leader Putin had apparently conciliatory words last night for U.S. President Bush, but they could be explained at least as much by
21、 Egypts refusal to get involved in the Moscow-Washington conflict as by any change in the Russian attitude toward U.S. military policy.,俄罗斯领导人普京讲了一些表面看来是对美国总统布什和解的话，但是，他为什么讲这些话，可能是因为俄罗斯总统对美国政策的态度有什么变化，也可能是因为埃及拒绝卷入美俄之间的冲突，后者的可能性至少同前者一样大。,Many people in China, grassroots in particular, are challenging
22、 the legitimacy of this policy.,Challenge: 质疑 （Not 挑战）,看粮食，要看中国的农业；看农业，首先要看市场。 To have a better understanding of the food situation in China, we must take a full view of her agriculture, and to know the agriculture we must first look at the food market.,She has captured the imagination of studio chi
23、efs, who deem her transition from a poverty-stricken child in Siberia to a tennis champion a fascinating subject for the big screen.,她使电影制片厂的头条们为之神往。他们认为，她从西伯利亚一个贫穷女孩一跃成为网球冠军是个迷人的电影题材。,Singhs hardest task will be to provide a better standard of living to Indias rural and urban poor without jeopardiz
24、ing the countrys reputation as an emerging market that could eventually rival China. Mr. Singh faces a situation in which most will see Mrs. Gandhi as more powerful than the prime minister. Mrs. Gandhis stock has risen following what many saw as a selfless act of renunciation.,Stock: 声望,In the Unite
25、d States, but the price of natural gas is still artificially low, consumers still have no reliable source of help for reducing energy use in their homes, mass transit compared with that of the advanced nations is terrible , and the lack of a substantial gasoline tax keep that unchanged.,在美国，。大众运输与发达
26、国家相比很糟糕。,在美国，。由于天然气价格仍然人为的低，也没有向家庭用户提供可靠的节能产品，其大众交通运输攻击的耗油与节能技术先进国家相比亦很严重，再加上对汽油征税幅度不大，使得目前耗能状况得不到改善。, It is a very long time since I attended a Mass. In this pilgrimage town you get the real thing, with a crowd of real worshippers; and because of the shrine, those who come to church include the par
27、alyzed, the crippled, the blind, the deformed, the dying, a terrible parade,我已经很久没有做弥撒了。在这个万人朝拜的圣城，你能亲眼目睹到真正的场面，善男信女，蜂拥而至，有因为这里供奉着神侃，到教堂来做弥撒的人群中，有的半身不遂，有的瘸腿跛足，有的双目失眠，有的肢体畸形，殴打奄奄一息。排的队，令人目不忍睹。,你知道白蚁之害吗？一座大厦如果有了白蚁，不加防治，不到十年时间，里面的地板壁板，都会蛀蚀一空。（注意“防治”一词的精确词义）,译文：Do you know how destructive termites are?
28、If a tall building is infested with termites and nothing is done about it （no measures are taken about it）, the floor and the wooden paneling inside it will have been eaten in less than ten years.,连续护理质量监督 / 连续排班模式 译文： 连续护理质量监督：continuous nursing quality supervision； 连续排班模式：seamless shifting,不到长城非好汉
29、 译文：He who has not scaled the Great Wall is not a true man.,更为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。 send text messages? write text messages !,尽管如此，我们不会轻易关掉手机。 easily? feel reluctant to !,在海边，我捡起了一枚小小的贝壳。 I picked up a very small shell at the seaside / seashore.,As I was rambling along the beach, I happened
30、 on a very small shell and picked it up.,房地产公司在海边修起了一座旅馆 The real-estate company set up a hotel by the seaside. 她住在海边的一个小镇。 She lives in a costal town.,Point 6: 语境意义 有时掌握指称意义并不简单！注意： 1）一词多义 2）词义变异（词语的创造性使用）,其它文化因素 贵姓 令尊 高见 大作 寒舍 鄙姓 拙作 犬子,贵姓 your name 令尊 your father 高见 your comment / opinion 大作 your
31、work 寒舍 my living place 鄙姓 my name 拙作 my work 犬子 my son / child,Practice: 小女子 请教 谢谢惠顾 局长大人，您请过目 您今天大驾光临，陈某人不胜开心啊。,小女子 I / me 请教 ask for advice 谢谢惠顾 Thanks for your custom / patronage. 局长大人，您请过目 Mr. XXX, please have a look at it. 您今天大驾光临，陈某人不胜开心啊。 Im overjoyed at your presence today.,不想误触犯了官人，望乞恕罪，高抬
32、贵手！水浒,We had no thought of intruding upon your attention and hope you will overlook our offence.,真对不起，浪费了您这么多时间,真对不起，浪费了您这么多时间 Sorry for taking up so much of time.,您老贵庚了？ 请局长过目 令尊，令堂，二老 令郎，令爱 贵姓，尊姓大名 贵国，贵校，贵公司,久仰大名 大作 敬请光临 请提宝贵意见 您有何高见？ 惠函已收 热烈欢迎领导莅临我校指导工作,鄙人敝人贱内犬子 寒舍 拙作 敝公司 您过奖了不敢当 便饭,您老贵庚了？How old
33、 are? 请局长过目Please have a look. 令尊，令堂，your father/mother 令郎，令爱 your son / daughter 贵姓，尊姓大名 May I have your name please? 贵国，贵校，贵公司 your country / university, school / company,久仰大名 Ive heard about you for a long time. 大作 Your work 敬请光临 Welcome (to) 请提宝贵意见 Could we have your comments? 您有何高见？Whats your o
34、pinion? 惠函已收Your letter has been received. 热烈欢迎领导莅临我校指导工作 Welcome to Our University.,鄙人敝人贱内犬子 I, me / my wife / 寒舍 my living place 拙作 my work 敝公司 my company 您过奖了不敢当 Thank you. You flattered me 便饭 a dinner / meal,推进决策科学化民主化 Put decision-making on a scientific and democratic basis. 社会主义市场经济 socialist
35、market economy 和平统一 peaceful unification,推进决策科学化民主化 Put decision-making on a more scientific and democratic basis. 社会主义市场经济 market economy 和平统一 peaceful reunification,中国大陆 mainland China 在中国，共产党是执政党，此外还有八个民主党派。 In China, the Communist Party is the party in power. Besides, there are eight other democ
36、ratic parties.,中国大陆 Chinas mainland; Chinese mainland; the mainland of China 在中国，共产党是执政党，此外还有八个民主党派。 In China, the Communist Party is the party in power. Besides, there are eight other political parties.,改革开放：opening-door policy or opening-up policy ? 形象工程 image / prestige / faade / vanity project？,
37、社会主义道德建设 全面建设小康社会 加快现代化建设步伐 加强社会主义法制建设 依法治国,社会主义道德建设 improving socialist morality 全面建设小康社会 Build a society in which people lead a fairly comfortable life 加快现代化建设步伐 Speed the modernization 加强社会主义法制建设 Strengthening the socialist legal system 依法治国 Rule the country by law,形成广纳群贤、人尽其才、能上能下、充满活力的用人机制 1. t
38、o be ready to accept a higher or lower post 2. to get them prepared for both promotion and demotion,鼓励社会力量办学 Encourage non-governmental sectors to run schools Encourage social forces to run schools？,和为贵 Peace is precious. Harmony is precious.,革命化、年轻化、知识化 Bring forth more younger, revolutionary, prof
39、essionally competent people ？ Promote ideologically sound and well-educated young people to leading posts Put revolutionary and well-educated young people at the leading posts？,讲学习，讲政治，讲正气 Pay adequate attention to study, political awareness and moral integrity Stress the need for study, political awareness and moral integrity,Point 8：注意社会文化语境对词义的制约,
