1、Guessing the wordsGuessing the wordsHow do you deal with the new words or phrases that you meet while reading?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaningby using context clues Yet,shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,such as shoplifters,
2、who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.What does the word“shoplifter”mean?A.A.A thief A thief B.A guide in a shopB.A guide in a shopC.the owner of a shopC.the owner of a shopD.A porter(D.A porter(搬运工搬运工)Example 1(description 描述描述)The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the
3、law that was in effect last year.A.supervise B.review C.take the place of D.start to enforceExample 2replaces synonym（同义词）（同义词）Guessing The Words3.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.houseExample 3 th
4、e cityAntonym（反义词）（反义词）Guessing The WordsUse synonym（同义词）（同义词）Context Clues Use Antonym（反义词）（反义词）Context CluesUse definition/example/description clues(定义或解释说明定义或解释说明)Use common sense/related information clues(常识、生活经验常识、生活经验)Use grammar and punctuation（标标点）点）clues To guess the words correctly we can
5、use the context(上下文，语境上下文，语境)clues:Guessing The WordsUsing synonym(同义词同义词)Context Clues1.The football player was penalized for his rudeness and the punishment was a good lesson for him.A.called B.praisedC.paid D.punishedGuessing The Words2.He replied quickly,but after he considered the problem more
6、carefully,he regretted having made such a hasty decision.A.careful B.hard C.good D.quickUsing synonym(同义词同义词)Context CluesUsing Antonym(反义词反义词)Context Clues1.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.A.became better B.got worse C.stayed the same D.did not changeWith
7、the help of words like:unlike,but however,while,instead,on the contrary,in contrast,on the other hand.etc.but2.In the first case,where we dont tell the clerk,a couple of things would happen.In contrast,bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen.48.The phrase bringin
8、g the error to the clerks attention(in para.5)means_.A.telling the truth to the clerkB.offering advice to the clerkC.asking the clerk to be more attentive D.reminding the clerk of the charged itemUsing Antonym(反义词反义词)Context CluesUsing Definition(定义定义)1.Mark Twain was not the authors real name;it wa
9、s a pseudonym.A.a pen nameB.a true nameC.his family nameUsing description(描述描述)Before long,many diners stayed open around the clock.In other words,people were able to eat in a diner at any time.A.the meals that people have everydayB.the food that people eat in their mealsC.the places where people ca
10、n have dinner/eatD.the people who serve in a restaurant1.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.strange B.firm C.kind D.cleverUsing common sense/related Information (常识、生活经验）常识、生活经验）2.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually giv
11、es an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.A.A kind of booksB.A piece of adviceC.A kind of medicineD.A kind of animalsUsing causes and effects relations (因果关系因果关系)With the help of conjunctions like:because,as，since，
12、for，so，thus，as a result，instead，therefore.etc.“But,”said Kim,“I feel that since you are my superior(领导领导,上司上司),it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”A.Full of respect B.too confident and rudeC.Lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet Using causes and effects relations since1.Most w
13、omen in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.A.well-educated B.poorly-educatedC.taught D.poorUse grammar and punctuation clues2.You can take any of the periodicals:The World of
14、English,Foreign Language Teaching in Schools,or English Learning.A.dictionaries B.story-books C.magazines D.newspapers Use grammar and punctuation(标点）标点）cluesGuessing The WordsSome common punctuation marks are:period(full stop)(.)comma(,)question mark(?)exclamation mark(!)colon(:)semicolon(;)single
15、quotation marks()double quotation marks()parentheses(),brackets and braces hyphen()dash()ellipsis(.)apostrophe()slash(/)Guessing The WordsSome additional punctuation marks are:ampersand(&)asterisk(*)at sign()bullet()degree symbol()number sign(#)percent sign(%)underscore symbol(_)copyright symbol()re
16、gistered trademark symbol()trademark symbol()dollar sign($)Guessing The Words Discovery and summaryDiscover and summarize the methods and rules according to the following sentences.1.Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck,four legs and orange skin with dark spots.2.The herdsman,who looks after s
17、heep,earns about 650 yuan a year.3.John loves to talk,and his sisters are similarly loquacious.4.Subscription is the donation by the members of the Trust.5.The other teams,disappointed,were on the bus heading home.6.Someone liked milk,but others abhorred it.Guessing The Words Discovery and summaryDi
18、scover and summarize the methods and rules according to the following sentences.7.The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.8.Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions.9.The purpose of the ca
19、mpaign was to catch ringers,students who take test for other students.10.A soldier must have armaments,just as a writer must have pens.11.The snake slithered through the grass.12.In this reading room,you can find almost all periodicals in China,such as English Weekly,Learning English,the World of En
20、glish.Guessing The Words Discovery and summary13.Lions are opportunists.They prefer to eat without having to do too much work.When resting in the shade,they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by,and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains
21、 to find out what is going on.If another animal has made a kill,they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding.Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down By describing lions as“opportunists”in this paragraph,t
22、he author means to say that lions _.A.are cruel animals B.are clever animals C.like to take advantage of other animals D.like to take every chance to eatGuessing The WordsDiscover and summarize the methods and rules according to the following sentences.1.Giraffe is an animal ,four legs and orange sk
23、in with dark spots.2.The herdsman,earns about 650 yuan a year.3.John loves to talk,his sisters are loquacious.Analysis and Findingwith a very long neckwho looks after sheepandsimilarly后置定语后置定语非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句平行并列结构平行并列结构4.Subscription the donation by the members of the Trust.is下定义下定义5.The other team
24、s,disappointed,were on the bus heading home.vt.开往、驶向（表方向）开往、驶向（表方向）名词活用为动词名词活用为动词。构词法构词法6.Someone liked milk,others abhorred it.but对比结构对比结构Guessing The WordsDiscover and summarize the methods and rules according to the following sentences.7.The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away f
25、rom her family for years.因果关系因果关系8.Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions.构词法构词法 Analysis and Finding9.The purpose of the campaign was to catch ringers,students who take test for other students.同位语同位语10.A soldier must have armamen
26、ts,a writer must have pens.just as 并列平行结构并列平行结构11.The snake slithered through the grass.常识法常识法12.In this reading room,you can find almost all periodicals in China,English Weekly,Learning English,the World of English.such as举例法举例法Guessing The WordsDiscover and summarize the methods and rules accordin
27、g to the following sentences.13.Lions are opportunists.When resting in the shade,they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by,and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on.A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of
28、meat at a single feeding.Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie downBy describing lions as“opportunists”in this paragraph,the author means to say that lions _.A.are cruel animals B.are clever animals C.like to take advantage of other animals D.like to take every chance to eatAnalysis
29、and Finding上下文联系上下文联系/语境线索语境线索 They prefer to eat without having to do too much work If another animal has made a kill,they will drive it off and take the kill for themselvesGuessing The Words Summarize the methods and rules一、定义法一、定义法一般通过一般通过定义、定语从句、词组或同位语从句定义、定语从句、词组或同位语从句来确定词来确定词义。义。需要定义和解释的单词和短语大
30、多数是专有名词、生僻需要定义和解释的单词和短语大多数是专有名词、生僻词或文中较为重要的词。词或文中较为重要的词。1.下定义下定义What is plagiarism?It is using others ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.剽窃剽窃A.misuse B.cheat C.robber D.expressionGuessing The Words Summarize the methods and rules2、定语从句或后置定语、定语从句或后置定语 定语从句对先行词起限定
31、、修饰或解释作用，因此我们定语从句对先行词起限定、修饰或解释作用，因此我们可以利用定语从句来推测先行词的词义。可以利用定语从句来推测先行词的词义。Carpenter is a person,who makes and repairs the wooden parts of buildings and other structures of wood.木匠木匠 3、同位语或同位语从句、同位语或同位语从句同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号、同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号、分号、引号和括号连接。分号、引号和括号连接。We can feel acceleration,a
32、n increase in speed.n.加速加速Guessing The Words Summarize the methods and rules二、标点格式暗示法二、标点格式暗示法 标点符号和排版格式在文中也能给我们提供一些推测标点符号和排版格式在文中也能给我们提供一些推测词义的线索。诸如破折号、括弧或逗号等标点词义的线索。诸如破折号、括弧或逗号等标点“暗示暗示”给读者。这是因为破折号、括弧或逗号具有解释、说明给读者。这是因为破折号、括弧或逗号具有解释、说明前面名词的功能。前面名词的功能。The schools are reluctant to take time off even t
33、eachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.A.kind B.unwilling C.free D.careless 破折号破折号 Guessing The WordsSummarize the methods and rules三、常识联想法三、常识联想法 我们可以运用逻辑推理能力，我们可以运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验自身的生活经验及及生生活常识活常识和和相关的背景知识相关的背景知识，再联系上下文能读懂的部分，再联系上下文能读懂的部分，充分想象，合理发挥，推测出生词
34、的含义。充分想象，合理发挥，推测出生词的含义。地洞，洞穴地洞，洞穴rats and micestaying in cool undergroundWarm-blooded desert animals,such as ,rest during the day,often burrows.Guessing The Words Summarize the methods and rules四、构词法四、构词法 英语词汇的构词法主要有三种：派生，合成，转化构词。我们英语词汇的构词法主要有三种：派生，合成，转化构词。我们主要利用派生构词来推断生词的含义。词根前面或后面加上词缀，主要利用派生构词来推断生
35、词的含义。词根前面或后面加上词缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。一般来说，前缀改变词根的意思；一般来说，前缀改变词根的意思；后缀改变词性。后缀改变词性。1.英语中常见的英语中常见的前缀前缀:super-(超超)，inter-(在在之间之间)，co-(共同共同),trans-(超越；转换超越；转换)，mini-(极少的；微型的极少的；微型的)，micro-(极微小的极微小的)，re-(再；反复再；反复)，sub-(分支的；底下分支的；底下)，under-(在在之下；低于之下；低于；不足；不足)，post-(后后)，pre-(前前)，mis-(误；恶误；恶)，(不；非
36、不；非)，dis-(不不)，non-;in-;im-;un-(不；非不；非),anti-(反；防反；防),multi-(有很多有很多)英语中常见的英语中常见的后缀后缀:-hood(状态；性质；时期状态；性质；时期)，-wards(向向)，-some(易于易于的的,引起引起)，-ish(如如的；有点儿的；有点儿的的)；-proof(防防的；的；不能穿透的不能穿透的)，-scope(景景)，-ship(身份；资格；权力；性质身份；资格；权力；性质),-able(能能的的)，-less(不；无不；无)，一一ise一一ize(使成为使成为；使；使化化”)Guessing The Wordswaterp
37、rooftiresomeunderagemultiparty transnationalantisocialsubcontinentinterchangeableGuessing games:Try to guess the Chinese meaning of the following words防水的防水的 adj.令人厌倦的令人厌倦的 adj.未成年的未成年的 adj.多党派多党派 n.跨国的跨国的 adj.违反社会秩序的违反社会秩序的 adj.次大陆次大陆 n.可互换的可互换的 adj.Guessing The Words Summarize the methods and rule
38、s2根据复合词的各部分推测词义根据复合词的各部分推测词义We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor.大批量生产；大规模生产大批量生产；大规模生产v.3推测词性变换、词义变新的词的含义推测词性变换、词义变新的词的含义 I had first known she was wrong,that her anxiety had clouded her judgment.使模糊使模糊 vt.名词活用为动词名词活用为动词Guessing The WordsSummarize
39、 the methods and rules五、语境线索或上下文联系五、语境线索或上下文联系即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。在出现生词的文章中，即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。在出现生词的文章中，有时能根据上下文中某些关键单词、短语或句子推断出生有时能根据上下文中某些关键单词、短语或句子推断出生词的含义。词的含义。A few people sat listlessly around,looking at a portable Television set that someone had brought out of the bar.They were all in thin summer d
40、resses or short sleeved-shirts;even at that late hour it was stifling.Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out,and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically with magazines.A.warm B.cold C.hot D.moist极热的极热的Guessing The WordsSummarize the methods and rules1、对
41、比结构对比结构 however,but,on the other hand,on the contrary,instead of,while,unlike,not,although,yet,despite,in spite of,in contrast,etc.2、并列平行结构并列平行结构 and,similarly,like,just as,also,etc.3、因果关系因果关系 because,since，as，so，so.that，such.that4、举例法举例法 such as,in other words,etc.六、句子的逻辑结构六、句子的逻辑结构AllGuessing The
42、WordsSumming up:improve your reading ability一、定义一、定义法法(Definition)(Definition)1 1、下定义、下定义 2 2、定语从句或后置定语、定语从句或后置定语 3 3、同位关系、同位关系二、标点格式暗示二、标点格式暗示法法(Punctuation)(Punctuation)三、常识联想三、常识联想法法(Common sense)(Common sense)四、四、构词法构词法(Word-formation)(Word-formation)五、语境线索或上下文五、语境线索或上下文联系联系(Context)(Context)六、句
43、子的逻辑六、句子的逻辑结构结构(Sentence Structure)(Sentence Structure)1.1.对比结构对比结构 2.2.并列平行结构并列平行结构 3.3.因果关系因果关系 4.4.举例法举例法 Guessing The Words Practice and consolidation【试题分析】(2009年重庆卷B篇)When things are getting hard,a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something.Then,there are other distractions,suc
44、h as family or hobbies.The key is to concentrate.When I feel tense，it helps me to repeat words such as calm，peace or focus,either out loud or silently in my mind.It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence.This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful
45、psychological tool.”62What does the underlined word“distractions”probably refer to?AWays that help one to focus BWords that help one to feel less tense CActivities that turn ones attention away DHabits that make it hard for one to relaxAllGuessing The WordsPractice and consolidation【试题分析】【试题分析】(2009
46、年陕西卷年陕西卷C篇篇)Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water,there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales.After all,much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care.We should respect this body of knowl
47、edge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false.50.The phrase hold water in the last paragraph most probably means .A.to be believable B.to be valuable C.to be admirable D.to be suitableAllGuessing The Words So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings.“We
48、have a very limited number of studies,so were almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管吸管),”architect David Allison says.“How do you take the answers to very specific questions and make wide,generalized use of them?Thats what were all struggling with.”66The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that Athe problem is not approached step by step Bthe researches so far have faults in themselves Cthe problem is too difficult for researchers to find out Dresearch in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns Practice and consolidationAll
