1、会计学1中国戏剧英文介绍中国戏剧英文介绍 chinese operaChinese opera together with Greece tragic-comedy(希腊悲喜剧)and Indian Sanskrit Opera(印度梵剧)are the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world.第1页/共17页During the Tang Dynasty(618 907),the Emperor Taizong established an opera school with the poetic name Liyuan(Pear Garde
2、n).From that time on,performers of Chinese opera were referred to as disciples of the pear garden.l在唐朝(618-907),太宗皇帝建立了一个充满诗意的歌剧学校名为立元(梨花园)。从那时起,中国歌剧的表演者被称为“教育的梨花园”。chinese opera第2页/共17页chinese operaSince the Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368)it has been encouraged by court officials and emperors and has becom
3、e a traditional art form.l自从元朝(1271-1368)它一直受到法院官员和皇帝的鼓励，已经成为一种传统的艺术形式。During the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),it became fashionable among ordinary people.Performances were watched in tearooms,restaurants,and even around makeshift stages.l在清朝(1644-1911),它在普通百姓中十分流行。在茶室,餐馆,甚至在临时搭建的舞台上都可以看见表演。第3页/共17页What
4、appeals to foreigners most might be the different styles of facial make-upwhich is one of the highlights and requires distinctive(独特的)techniques of painting.Exaggerated designs are painted on each performers face to symbolize a characters personality,role,and fate.This technique may have originated
5、from ancient religions and dance.这是一个亮点,需要独特的绘画技巧。演员的脸上被夸张地设计着,象征一个角色的性格、角色和命运。这种技术可能源于古老的宗教和舞蹈。第4页/共17页 Colourful masks Colourful masks and various rolesand various rolesWhite:Sinister(阴险阴险),evil,crafty(狡猾狡猾),treacherous(奸诈奸诈),and suspicious.Anyone wearing a white mask is usually the villain(坏人坏人).
6、Green:Impulsive(冲动的冲动的),violent,no self restraint or self control.Red:Brave,loyal.Black:Rough,fierce(暴躁的暴躁的),or impartial(公正的公正的).Yellow:Ambitious,fierce,cool-headed.Blue:Steadfast(坚定的坚定的),someone who is loyal and sticks to one side no matter what.第5页/共17页Generally,a red face represents loyalty and
7、bravery;a black face,valor;yellow and white faces,duplicity;and golden and silver faces,mystery.Besides color,lines also function as symbols.For example,a figure can be painted either all white on his face,or just around the nose.The larger the white area painted,the more viperous the role.一个红色的脸代表忠
8、诚和勇气;一个黑的脸,英勇;黄色和白色的面孔,表里不一;和金色和银色面孔,神秘。除了颜色,线条也函数作为符号。例如,图要么全部涂在他的脸上,或就在鼻子。白色区域画越大,越阴险的角色。第6页/共17页Colourful masks Colourful masks and various rolesand various roles1.生是戏曲表演行当的主要类型之一，扮演男性人物。（分为老生、小生，武生。）2.旦：正旦主要扮演娴静庄重的青年、中年妇女。重唱功，多用韵白。因常穿青素褶子，故又名“青衣”。花旦多扮演性格明快活泼的青年女性。此外，还有武旦，老旦等。3.净：俗称花脸。以面部化妆运用各种色彩
9、和图案勾勒脸谱为突出标志，扮演性格、气质、相貌上有特异之点的男性角色。4.丑：丑戏曲表演行当主要类型之一，喜剧角色。扮演人物种类繁多，有的心地善良，幽默滑稽；有的奸诈刁恶，悭吝卑鄙。第7页/共17页第8页/共17页The Development of Chinese OperaForming stage:Primitive society (to satisfy peoples spiritual need)社火、秧歌、傩戏社火、秧歌、傩戏Booming period:Booming period:InIn Yuan Yuan dynasty,commercial and dynasty,co
10、mmercial and professionalprofessional performing performing group emerged.group emerged.第9页/共17页The Development of Chinese OperaFamous works:窦娥冤（关汉卿）、汉宫秋（马致远）Extension phase:Extension phase:In Ming In Ming dynasty,Kunqu grew up on dynasty,Kunqu grew up on t h e r e g i o n s s o u t h o f t h e r e
11、g i o n s s o u t h o f Yangtze River(Yangtze River(江南江南).).第10页/共17页The Development of Chinese OperaHeyday:Heyday:In the late Ming and early In the late Ming and early Qing dynasty,Chinese Oper a Qing dynasty,Chinese Oper a welcomed a prosperous time with welcomed a prosperous time with Beijing Opera coming up.Beijing Opera coming up.第11页/共17页第12页/共17页第13页/共17页第14页/共17页第15页/共17页第16页/共17页
