1、 Reading 2 Explorers have played an important role in world history.Their discoveries have improved our knowledge of the Earth and have also changed the way we understand our place in the world.The historical articles below are about the voyages of two famous explores.Zheng He Tell something you kno
2、w about Zheng He，the explorer.Zheng He was a Chinese explorer who lead seven great voyages on behalf of the Chinese emperor.These voyages traveled through the South China Sea,Indian Ocean,Arabian Sea,Red Sea,and along the east coast of Africa.His seven total voyages were diplomatic,military,and trad
3、ing ventures,and lasted from 1405 1433.However,most historians agree their main purpose was to promote the glory of Ming dynasty China.Finish the timelines by focusing on what happened to Zheng He.14051433(1)_(2)_He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage.He made a total of seven voyages.1.Why wer
4、e Zheng Hes ships loaded with china,silk,tea and other treasures?Because these are gifts to foreign rulers.2.What helped prove that the records of Zheng Hes voyages were not legends?An enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing,where the fleet had been built.Para 1 A fleet of over 200 ships navigat
5、ed the blue seas,with almost 28,000 people on board,which was a splendid scene.(Line2-3)A fleetnavigated.which was a.According to some records,the largest ships were over 140 metres in length,demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.(Line3-6)the largest shi
6、ps were over.Para 2 1.Between 1405 and 1433,on behalf of the Ming Dynasty,Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.1405年到年到1433年期间，郑和年期间，郑和代表明朝共代表明朝共进行了七次航行进行了七次航行。(1)on behalf of sb.=on sb.s behalf 代表代表某人，作为某人的某人，作为某人的代言人代言人eg Mr.Jones cannot be here,so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.琼斯
7、先生无法到场，因此由他夫人代他领奖琼斯先生无法到场，因此由他夫人代他领奖。on/in sb.s behalfon/in behalf of sb.以某人的名义；为了某人；代表以某人的名义；为了某人；代表某人某人for the benefit of 为了为了的利益的利益(好处好处)in the interest of 为了为了的利益；符合的利益；符合的利益的利益stand for/represent 代表代表【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)The President cant be here today,so Im going to speak in _
8、behalf.2)_ behalf of our company,I would like to hereby express to you our heartfelt thanks.hisOn/In(2)a total of 总数为总数为，后面常接含有数量的名词后面常接含有数量的名词。eg The school has a total of 1,776 pupils.这所学校总计有这所学校总计有1776名小学生。名小学生。A total of thirteen meetings were held to discuss the issue.共举行了共举行了13次会议来讨论这个问题次会议来讨论
9、这个问题。(1)a total of.总共；总共；的总数的总数in totalin all 总计；总计；总共总共(2)total v.总数总数为，总共为，总共为为totaladd up toamount to 总计总计(3)totally adv.完全地；整个完全地；整个地地【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)A total _ 27 activities allow visitors to have an unforgettable experience.2)There were about 30 people _ total.3)The companys
10、 exports _(total)$1 million last year.4)Her husband was _(total)astonished by the unexpected visit.ofintotal(l)edtotally2.His ships were loaded with china,silk,tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers,and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions.他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其
11、他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品。船队先后对君王的礼品。船队先后对30多个国家和地区进行友好访问。多个国家和地区进行友好访问。load vt.&vi.装上，装入装上，装入eg The train was loaded with coal from the nearby coal mines.这列火车装满了来自附近煤矿的煤。这列火车装满了来自附近煤矿的煤。Jack loaded all the groceries into his car.杰克把所有的食品杂货装进了他的汽车。杰克把所有的食品杂货装进了他的汽车。n.负载负载 承载承载量量 大量大
12、量eg These plastic bags are tough enough to carry heavy loads.这些塑料袋足够结实能装重物。这些塑料袋足够结实能装重物。The maximum load for this elevator is eight persons.这部电梯的最大载客量为八人。这部电梯的最大载客量为八人。Have you got any change?Loads!你你有零钱吗有零钱吗?有的是有的是!Para 3 1.Zheng Hes efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with
13、these countries and regions,exposing foreign people to Chinese culture,and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.(Line15-17)exposing.and allowingPara 4 acknowledge sb/sth as 承认承认某人或某某人或某物为物为1.For many years,some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.多年来，一些多年
14、来，一些历史学家认为这些航海活动的记载只是传说而不历史学家认为这些航海活动的记载只是传说而不予予理会理会。dismiss vt.不予不予考虑考虑，对，对不屑一提不屑一提 去除，摒除去除，摒除 解雇解雇 解散解散 Either you improve your work,or I shall dismiss you.dismiss sth as 以以为由不予考虑某为由不予考虑某事事eg We can safely dismiss what he said as lies.我们大可以把他的话当成谎话不予理会。我们大可以把他的话当成谎话不予理会。He just laughed and dismiss
15、ed my proposal as unrealistic.他只是一笑置之，认为我的建议不切实际而不予考虑他只是一笑置之，认为我的建议不切实际而不予考虑。解雇解雇2.The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing,where the fleet had been built,(Line19-21)The final proof came.an enormous shipyardChristopher Columbus Tell something you know about Columbus t
16、he explorer.Christopher Columbus,master navigator and admiral whose four transatlantic voyages(149293,149396,14981500,and 150204)opened the way for European exploration,exploitation,and colonization of the Americas(美美洲洲).He has long been called the“discoverer”of the New World.Columbus made his trans
17、atlantic voyages under the sponsorship of Ferdinand II and Isabella I,the Catholic Monarchs of Aragon,Castile,and Leon in Spain.1451 3 August 1492 12 October 1492 14931504(1)_(2)_(3)_(4)_He was born in a port city of Italy.He departed from Spain.He reached the shores of the Caribbean.He found more l
18、and over the course of his three subsequent voyages.Finish the timelines by focusing on what happened to Christopher Columbus.1.What challenges did Columbus and his crew encounter during the journey in 1492?It took longer than expected,they almost ran out of food and water entered one of the ships.2
19、.Why did Columbus call the natives Indians?Because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies.Para 1 Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the wayas was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.(Line1-2)Those must often overcome many challenges.As a t
20、eenager,he loved sailing,and he showed great interest in geography,which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.(Line3-4)he loved sailing,and he showed.Para 2 1.Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.(Line5-6)哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一
21、条直通东印度群岛的航线。哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。insist vi.&vt.坚决要求；坚持说坚决要求；坚持说 坚持坚持【归纳拓展归纳拓展】insist on doing sth.坚决主张做某坚决主张做某事事insist that+sb.+(should)do sth.坚持或坚决要求（宾语坚持或坚决要求（宾语从句从句中用虚拟语气，中用虚拟语气，should可以省略可以省略）insist that+sb.+do sth.坚持坚持认为或说（宾语从句中的时态认为或说（宾语从句中的时态与主句保持一致，且事情一般都已经发生与主句保持一致，且事情一般都已经发生）eg She in
22、sists on playing the guitar when I want to have a rest.我想休息一下的时候，她一定要弹吉他。我想休息一下的时候，她一定要弹吉他。We insist on the highest standards of cleanliness in the restaurant.我们坚持餐厅要达到最高的清洁标准。我们坚持餐厅要达到最高的清洁标准。He insisted that the window was broken by the boys who were playing football outdoors.他坚持说窗户是那些在户外踢足球的男孩打破他
23、坚持说窗户是那些在户外踢足球的男孩打破的。的。【联想联想】suggest doing sth.提议做某事；提议做某事；suggest that+sb.+(should)do sth.建议建议/提议做某事提议做某事（宾宾语从句中用虚拟语气，语从句中用虚拟语气，should可以省略）；可以省略）；suggest that+sb.+do sth.表明或暗示表明或暗示（宾语从句中宾语从句中的时态可根据所描述的事情而定）。的时态可根据所描述的事情而定）。eg The expression on her face suggested that she was satisfied with what we
24、did.2.Regardless of all the challenges,Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，凭借自己的知识和勇气，确保哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，凭借自己的知识和勇气，确保大家都平安越过海洋。大家都平安越过海洋。regardless of：不管不管 不顾不顾 不考虑不考虑eg The club takes in members regardless of age.俱乐部吸纳会员时不分年龄俱乐部吸纳会员时
25、不分年龄。As a result,I paid full attention to huge amounts of practice,regardless of repeated mistakes.因此，我把全部注意力放在了大量的练习上，而不去理会因此，我把全部注意力放在了大量的练习上，而不去理会 重复的错误。重复的错误。The law requires equal treatment for all,regardless of race,religion,or sex.法律要求平等对待所有人，不分种族、宗教或性别法律要求平等对待所有人，不分种族、宗教或性别。(1)表示表示“转转”的的常用过渡
26、词语：常用过渡词语：but,yet,however,while,otherwise,or(else),on the contrary,on the other hand,in any case,though,although,as,even if/though,despite,in spite of,regardless of 等等。(2)表示表示“转转”的的常用句型：常用句型：But for me,I would never.；However,it is a pity that.等等。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】regardless of强调不认为强调不认为重要重要,从而不加以重从而不加以重视或考虑
27、视或考虑;其后可接其后可接whether,what引引导的从句导的从句despite/in spite of意为意为“尽管尽管但是但是”；其后一般不；其后一般不接从句接从句,接名词、代词或动名词。接名词、代词或动名词。regardless of/despite/in spite of【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)_ he is right or wrong,we have to follow his decision.无论他是对还是错无论他是对还是错,我们必须遵守他的决定。我们必须遵守他的决定。2)_ the previous rounds of talks,no agreeme
28、nt has been reached so far by the two sides.虽然经过了先前几轮的谈判，但是到目前虽然经过了先前几轮的谈判，但是到目前为止为止，双方没有达，双方没有达成共识。成共识。Regardless of Despite/In spite ofOn 3 August 1492,he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.(Line7-8)three ships 和和 carrying 间是间是_ 关系（主关系（主/被动）被动）He departed from Spain.4.C
29、olumbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies.(Line13-15)Columbus called the natives Indians.IndiansPara 3 1.This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.这个时期这个时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。allow for:
30、使成为可能使成为可能 考虑到考虑到 把把计算在内计算在内eg The design of the system allows for easy upgrades.有了这个系统设计，以后升级就容易有了这个系统设计，以后升级就容易了。了。It will take about two hours to get there,allowing for traffic jams.考虑到交通堵塞，到那里大约需要两小时。考虑到交通堵塞，到那里大约需要两小时。You have to allow for a certain amount of error.你必须将一定量的误差考虑在内你必须将一定量的误差考虑在内。
31、allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某允许某人做某事事allow doing sth.允许做某事允许做某事allow sb.in/out 允许某人进入允许某人进入/出去出去allow sb.sth.allow sth.to sb.让某人得到某让某人得到某物物【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【语境应用语境应用】用适当的形式填空。用适当的形式填空。1)The twins,who had finished their homework,_(allow)to play badminton on the playground.2)“Im never allowed _(have)friends come
32、 to the house?Why,Mum？”James asked sadly,almost in tears.were allowedto have2.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.(Line20-22)His voyages opened.NoImageuRead the historical articles again and complete the table below
33、.Zheng Hes explorationChristopher Columbuss explorationThe first voyageDeparture timeDeparture pointFleet sizeNumber of crew membersIn the summer of 1405TaicangAlmost 28,000 people on boardOver 200 shipsOn 3 August 1492SpainAbout 90 crewmen3 shipsNoImageZheng Hes explorationChristopher Columbuss exp
34、lorationPlaces of arrivalTotal number of voyagesas far as the east coast of AfricaSeven Four The shores of the CaribbeanNoImageZheng Hes explorationChristopher Columbuss explorationSignificanceZheng Hes voyages helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with the countries and regions,exposin
35、g foreign people to Chinese culture,and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.Columbuss discovery inspired explorers to explore and discover more vast areas of the world.His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed many important geographical
36、 findings and allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.RevisionB1subsequent harmonious influential on behalf ofproof strengthen acknowledge be loaded with The early 1400s was a glorious era in Chinese history.During this time,the Yongle Emperor wanted to develop(1)_ relations with
37、 the overseas neighbours.Zheng He,one of the most(2)_ explorers,took charge of the task.One of the states mentioned in the historical records was Boni(present-day Brunei),a small kingdom in South-East Asia.There is(3)_ that China established very good relations with this state a long time ago:one of
38、 its kings was buried in Nanjing during the early Ming Dynasty,and there is a fascinating legend about the king.harmoniousinfluentialproofRevision In 1405,(4)_ the emperor,Zheng He sailed the oceans on his first voyage.His fleet(5)_ gifts to the neighbouring countries and regions.In 1407,he travelle
39、d to Boni,which(6)_ the friendly relationship between the two countries.In the(7)_ year,the King of Boni paid a friendly visit to China.He was accompanied by more than 150 people.The records show that the visitors were astonished by how rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.They rec
40、eived a royal welcome from the Yongle Emperor.on behalf ofwas loaded withstrengthenedsubsequentRevision Unfortunately,after over a month in the capital,the king fell ill.On his deathbed,he asked to be buried in China,and in line with his will the emperor built a tomb for him.This tomb bears witness to the long history of friendly interactions between the two countries and is now(8)_ as one of the many important historic sites in China.acknowledged
