1、Passage 1(2018北京)When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework,you might notice that there is no letter E.Have you ever thought about why that is so?A组 2014-2018年北京中考题组五年中考In the A,B,C,D and F grading system,the first four letters are typically considered passing grades.An F in this sys
2、tem simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F,which seems to leave out the letter E.The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean“not-passing”or“fail”.Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or I grade for“incomplete”.Even with all this said,we should also p
3、oint out that E grade actually has been used pretty com-monly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College.In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:A:95%100%(excellent)B:8
4、5%94%(good)C:76%84%(fair)D:75%(barely passed)E:below 75%(failed)We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US.However,many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据)to really sup-port this,b
5、ut one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for“excellent”.Why do we have letter grades?Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools.As the 20th century began,growing cities and an inc
6、rease in im-migration led to larger school classrooms.Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grad-ing system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.Today,more and more people argue that letter grades dont fully reflect(反映)student learning.However,as teachers try to improve grad
7、ing methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids.They are familiar(熟悉)and easy for parents to understand.So while they might not be perfect,the letter grades probably arent going away any time soon.1.What does an F stand for in the A,B,C,D and F grading system?2.When was
8、 the letter grading system first used in the US college?3.What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?4.What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?5.Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?答案语篇解读本文介绍了英文字母等级评价体系的历史发展进程,作者在文中讲述了字母E这一等级缺
9、失的历史渊源。1.It stands for“fail”.根据第二段第二句话可知答案。2.It was first used in 1897.根据第四段可知答案。3.Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for“excellent”.根据第六段第三句话的后半部分可知答案。4.They thought it was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.根据第七段的最后一句话可知答案。5.Because they are familiar and
10、 easy for parents to understand.根据文章最后一段的第三句话可知答案。长难句The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College.在美国第一所采用像我们今天使用的字母评分系统的学院是Mount Holyoke College。这是一个主从复合句,“the ones”由后面的省略了关系代词that的定语从句“we use today”修饰。主句谓语动词是系动词“is”,表语是“Mount Holyok
11、e College”。重点词汇fail v.失败,不及格,倒闭;explanation n.解释,说明;familiar adj.熟悉的;excellent adj.优秀的,卓越的,杰出的;scale n.规模,比例,级别词汇积累unsatisfactory adj.不能令人满意的;evidence n.证据;reflect v.反映;leave out 遗漏,省略,忽略,未提及Passage 2(2017北京)What s in a Name?Many American names come from England.But where did most English names come
12、 from?Centuries ago,most people in England had only one nametheir first name.In the 11th century,five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William,and it was easy to get confused.But in the Middle Ages,people found a way to describe each person exactly.If there were four Williams in o
13、ne village,one might be referred to as William the son of John.A second might be called William from the hill.A third,William the blacksmith(铁匠).And a fourth,William the brown haired.In conversation,people might refer to the four Williams as William Johns son,William hill,William smith,and William b
14、rown.It was 300 or 400 years before these extra(附加的)names gradually developed into last names,or surnames.They were passed on from generation to generation.By the 1300s,Robert,the son of William smith,had the name Robert smith,even if he was not a blacksmith like his father.As the last name became w
15、idely accepted,the first letter was capitalized,as in Robert Smith.By the 15th century,most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.Many surnames were based on father-son relations.The“son of”part was added to the fathers first name,like Johnson,meaning Johns son.Sometimes it was shorten
16、ed to just“s”,as in Jones or Evans.Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived.They are the most common type of surname.A third kind of surname was based on a persons job.Forester was someone who looked after the forest.In the Middle Ages,occupation names such as Baker,Carpenter,and
17、Miller became common.The fourth kind of surname was a nickname(绰号).A man whose sur-name was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common?The most common surname in the English language is Smith.Being able to make metals(金属)into tools was an important skill
18、 in the Middle Ages,and many people were trained as blacksmiths.The most common American sur-names are Smith,Johnson,Williams,and Brown.1.Where do many American names come from?2.When did people find a way to describe each person exactly?3.How long did it take for extra names to develop into last na
19、mes?4.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?5.Why were many people trained as blacksmiths in the Middle Ages?答案语篇解读本文介绍了英国姓氏的历史,包括英国姓氏出现的历史阶段和不同姓氏的来历。1.They come from England.根据第一段第一句可知答案。2.In the Middle Ages.根据第二段第三句可知答案。3.It took 300 or 400 years.根据第三段第一句可知答案。4.It is mainly about different kin
20、ds of surnames.通读第四段可知答案。5.Because it was an important skill to make metals into tools.根据最后一段第三句可知答案。On November 30,1906,George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea.The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor,and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days.Its journe
21、y ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015.Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island.She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach.She saw a piece of paper inside,but didnt break it open.She could tell that the bottle was old,so she didnt want Passage 3(2016北京)A 108-ye
22、ar-old Message in a Bottleto damage it.Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle.She found that the paper was actually a post-card.On the back of the card there was this message:The Marine Biological Association(海洋生物学协会)would pay a shilling(先令)for the bottle.A shilling was a unit of money
23、 that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s.Winkler filled out the card and posted it.The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder,the president of the association from 1939 to 1945.The workers of the associa-tion searched on the Internet to find a shilling.T
24、hey found one and sent it to Winkler as a reward.The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered.For this reason Marianne Winkler got a place in“Guinness World Records”(吉尼斯世界纪录).She broke the record for the oldest message in a bottle.Winklers bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to se
25、a.Between 1904 and 1906,he sent away more than one thousand bottles.He placed postcards inside them.The bottles were part of a re-search project to map currents(洋流)in the North Sea.This was the best method at that time.But whether the association could get the bottles back depended on the people who
26、 found them.The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned.They added that the exper-iment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Seas currents.1.How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?2.Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?
27、3.What was in the bottle?4.Who was George Bidder?5.Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea?答案语篇解读本文介绍了一个玻璃瓶。这个瓶子在1906年被George Bidder投进北海,在2015年被发现,瓶子里装着一张明信片,内容是海洋生物学协会将会为这个瓶子支付一先令。这个瓶子里的信息收录到了吉尼斯世界纪录,是被重新发现的最古老的信息。1.For 108 years and 138 days.本题问“瓶子在海里漂流了多久?”由文章第一段最后一句可知答案。2.Yes,she did.由文章第二段第一句可
28、知答案。3.A postcard.本题问的是:瓶子里有什么?由文章第三段第二句可知答案。4.The president of the association from 1939 to 1945.本题问的是:George Bidder是谁?由文章第四段第二句可知答案。5.Because he wanted to map currents in the North Sea.此题问的是:Bidder 为什么把瓶子扔到海里?读文章最后一段第四句可知。深度解析本文难度较低,考查对细节的掌握。考生需要明确掌握一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的用法,熟悉“how long,what,who,why”等特殊疑问词(组)
29、的含义和回答方式,并且能够抓住题干中的关键词,联系上下文锁定原文细节信息。Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday.The day after it has been known as Black Friday.It is the Passage 4(2015北京)Black Fridaystart of the holiday shopping season,and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.Most stores offer big sales
30、on Black Friday.They open their doors quite early in the morning.They try to attract shoppers with big discounts(打折).Some items(商品)like TVs and clothes are much cheaper than usual.Stores may even lose money on these items.They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the
31、store.Black Friday is a great time to go shopping.However,there are problems.The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items.Each store may only have a few.These items are in great need,so people stand in long lines to get them.They may wait three to four hours before a store opens.The
32、y may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or computer,but not everybody can get one.Some people leave,disappointed.The situation makes people worried.Some Black Friday events have been crazy.There have been fights over toys among shoppers.Some workers have even been hurt by large crowds.But most Bl
33、ack Friday events are safe and fun.Still,if you plan to go,you will expect large crowds and a bit of pushing.So where does the name“Black Friday”come from?It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s.The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused.In the 1960s,stores
34、 tried to rename the day“Big Friday”.It did not stick.The name“Black Friday”continued to spread across the country.It seems that it is here to stay.Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events.It is even spreading to other parts of the world.Stores have held Black Friday events i
35、n the UK,Australia,and Brazil since 2012.In Mexico,stores offer a weekend of discounts every year.They call it“El Buen Fin”,which means“the good weekend”in Spanish.I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale.1.Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season?2.What is the biggest pr
36、oblem with Black Friday?3.How long may people have to wait before a store opens?4.Where was the name“Black Friday”first used in the 1950s?5.Why do people like going shopping on Black Friday?答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,介绍了众所周知的“黑色星期五”。1.Yes,it is.由文章第一段第三句可知。2.There are not enough low-priced items.由文章第三段第三句可知。3.T
37、hree to four hours.由文章第三段倒数第三句可知答案。4.In Philadelphia.由文章第五段第二句可知答案。5.Because people can buy things on sale on Black Friday.通读全文后可知文章介绍了黑色星期五当天是购物的好时候,是人们喜欢的一天,因为商场有优惠,所以综合第二段和第三段的第一句可知答案。深度解析本文前四道试题主要考查考生对文章细节的把握,最后一题较复杂。回答前四道试题时需要掌握一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的回答方法,通过关键词回归原文寻找答案,其中第2题注意原文中第三段的“The biggest one”即“The
38、 biggest problem”。第5题要关注第二段和第三段的首尾关键句,要确保回答完整准确。Passage 5(2014北京)根据短文内容回答问题。Almost every kid in this country has ever eaten Hershey chocolate.But do you know that the Her-shey chocolate factory is more than one hundred years old?And do you know that the father of Hershey Chocolate,Milton Hershey,had
39、 many failures in business before he started his famous company?Milton Hershey grew up in Pennsylvania.Before he became interested in making chocolate,he worked as a printer for a small newspaper at first,and then decided that printing was not the right job for him.Then he worked at a candy factory
40、in Lancaster.After working a few years there,he decided to open his own little candy business near Philadelphia.His first business failed because it was not making money.After that,he went to Denver to learn how to make caramels(焦糖).He took his new skills back to New York and worked selling candies
41、on the street.But his second business also failed.Finally,Milton Hershey moved back to Pennsylvania where he grew up.He then experimented with all sorts of different candies and chocolates.By 1893 he was selling a million dollars worth of caramel candy each year.Since his chocolate-flavored(巧克力味的)ca
42、ramels were the best seller,he decided to make chocolate himself.By experimenting,Milton Hershey discovered how to make delicious chocolate.The area where he lived had a large and easy supply of milk and sugar,which helped him succeed in his chocolate business.In 1903,Milton Hershey built a huge cho
43、colate factory and a town to go with it.Today,the town of Hershey is still the home of the factory that Milton Hershey built.And if you ev-er visit it,you can smell delicious chocolate smells just by driving through the town.The factory is not so hard to find.Just travel down Cocoa Avenue until you
44、get to East Chocolate Avenue.Turn right at the traffic lights and just follow your nose.1.Who is the father of Hershey Chocolate?2.Where did he grow up?3.Why did he go to Denver?4.Why did he decide to make chocolate himself?5.What might be the reasons for Hersheys success in his chocolate business?答
45、案语篇解读本文主要介绍了好时巧克力之父Milton Hershey艰难创业的经历。1.Milton Hershey.从第一段最后一句可知好时巧克力之父是Milton Hershey。2.In Pennsylvania.从第二段第一句可知他是在Pennsylvania长大的。3.To learn how to make caramels.从第三段第四句可知他去Denver的目的是学习怎样做焦糖。4.Because his chocolate-flavored caramels were the best seller.从第四段最后一句since引导的原因状语从句可知他为什么决定自己做巧克力。5.
46、He kept trying and used a large and easy supply of milk and sugar.根据全文内容尤其第五段第二句可知他成功的原因。长难句The area where he lived had a large and easy supply of milk and sugar,which helped him succeed in his chocolate business.他居住的地区有着丰富且方便的牛奶和糖的供给,这帮助了他在他的巧克力生意上获得成功。此句为复合句。where he lived为定语从句,修饰先行词the area;which
47、 helped him succeed in his chocolate business也为定语从句,先行词为前面的句子。题组一题组一 Passage 1(2018湖南衡阳,C)阅读下面的短文,并根据短文内容回答所提问题。Mr.Guo is a teacher from Xian.He asked his students to hand in their homework through a QR code(二维码).“We spent an hour or two in class learning how to generate(使产生)the codes,and in the end
48、 everything gets easier,”said Guo.“When students finish the homework,they keep it on WeChat.Then,each student makes his own QR code and gives it to me.So I can check their work anywhere using my computer or telephone.”The QR codes can be sent to Mr.Guo by email,QQ and WeChat.When Guo scans(扫描)his st
49、u-dents QR codes,their homework appears on his phone.He finds that their homework becomes more creative,with many pictures,music and even videos.Guos students like the new way and think it is interesting.“We are living in the information age.Many students like to work with computers,which makes lear
50、ning more fun,”said Tingting,a B组 2014-2018年全国中考题组student of Guos.“The paper is not easy to keep,but the code is easy to keep and share,”Guo said.“It is worth trying to use new technology in education.Education itself is a kind of creation.I dont want my students to fall behind the times.”However,so
