1、基础知识自主复习基础知识自主复习I I重点单词1_adj.十几岁的(指13至19岁)；青少年的 _ n(13至19岁之间的)青少年2_n.辩论；争论vt.&vi.辩论；争论3_vt.较喜欢 _n.偏爱4_n.内容；pl.目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题adj.满意的；满足的vt.使满意teenageteenagerdebatepreferpreferencecontent5_n.动作；运动；活动 _vt.&vi.移动；搬动vi.行动；搬家；进展；(机器等)活动6_adj.合适的；适用的 _vt.&vi.适合；合身；适宜n西装；套装7_adv.事实上；的确 _ adj.实际的；真实的8_n.挑战
2、；艰巨任务vt.怀疑；向挑战movementmovesuitablesuitactuallyactualchallenge9_n.(书、诗歌等的)名称；标题；职称；头衔10_n.话题；标题11_n.(中学)九年级学生；(大学)一年级新生12_adj.难以理解的；不清楚的 _adj.糊涂的；迷惑的 _vt.使糊涂；使迷惑13_adj.(尤指外语)流利的；熟练的 _adv.流利地；流畅地titletopicfreshmanconfusingconfusedconfusefluentfluently14_vt.&vi.毕业；获得学位n毕业生 _n.毕业15_vt.建议；推荐；介绍16_adj.高级的
3、；高等的；先进的 _n.前进；发展vi.前进；发展vt.发展；促进17_n.文学；文学作品18_adj.额外的；附加的graduategraduationrecommendadvancedadvanceliteratureextra19_adv.显然；明显地 _adj.明显的；显而易见的20_vt.&vi.停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)21_adj.负责的；有责任的 _n.责任；义务22_n.解决方法；答案 _v.解决；解答23_n.工作计划；日程安排vt.安排；预定obviouslyobviousquitresponsibleresponsibilitysolutionsolvesch
4、edule重点短语1be interested _.对感兴趣2clean _打扫干净3be suitable _.对适合的4prepare _.为做准备5think _考虑6sign _(for sth.)报名(参加课程)7be good _擅长8_ ones own独自地；独立地；靠自己的力量inupforforaboutupaton9_ that以便；为了；结果10hand _取出；把拿出来；分发；施舍11get used _习惯于；适应12be responsible _.对负责13be worried _.担心；为忧虑14keep up _跟上；赶上15deal _处理；对待；对付so
5、outtoforaboutwithwith重点句型1_ junior high school _ senior high school _ a really big challenge.从初中过渡到高中真的是一项巨大的挑战。2Ill find a way to improve on my own _ I can make the team next year.我要想办法提高自己，这样我明年就能进球队了。Going fromtoisso that3Im a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced co
6、urse,and _will be quite difficult _ all the homework我有点担心跟不上高级班的其他学生，而且很难适应所有的作业。itto get used toHe is the volunteer worker of our school.他是我们学校的志愿工作者。重 点 单 词1volunteer n志愿者volunteer vt.&vi.自愿；志愿volunteer to do sth.主动做某事volunteer for sth.主动提出某事voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的Helen volunteered to have Thanksgiv
7、ing at her house this year.海伦主动提出今年在她家过感恩节。Sidcup volunteered for guard duty.西德卡普自告奋勇去站岗。Our class held a debate on whether students should take cell phones to school.我们班进行了关于学生是否应该带手机去学校的辩论。If you would like to introduce your debate club to us,please reply to me!如果你想向大家介绍你的辩论社，欢迎回复我！2debate n辩论；争论v
8、t.&vi.辩论；争论The suggestion is still under debate.那个提议仍然还在讨论中。They debated about who was to blame for the traffic accident until 9 oclock.就谁该对这起交通事故承担责任，他们一直讨论到9点。under debate正在讨论中beyond debate毋庸置疑debate on/over/about sth.就某事辩论debate从句 讨论如何分辨“争论”与“争吵”debate多指公开、正式场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论，侧重双方各自申诉理由argue指一方坚持自己的意
9、见、立场和观点，通过争论企图说服对方quarrel争吵，因生气而发生语言冲突discuss指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的磋商，以便统一认识I prefer to spend/spending the weekend at home.我喜欢在家里过周末。She preferred her husband not to drink.她宁愿丈夫不喝酒。Would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next month?你是否更愿意我们把婚礼推迟到下个月？Prefer loss to unjust gain.3prefer vt.更喜欢；选
10、择某事物(而不选择其他事物)谚宁可吃亏，不贪便宜。I would prefer cooking myself to eating in a restaurant.我宁愿自己做饭而不愿下馆子。I prefer to work rather than(to)sit idle.Rather than sit idle I prefer to work.我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐。(rather than.位于句首时，其后的to必须省略)preference n.偏爱；喜好；优先权preferable adj.更可取的；更好的in preference to 优先于；而不是have a preference
11、 for sth.偏爱某物give preference to.优先考虑；优待I like the style of his writing but I dont like the content.我喜欢他的写作风格，但不喜欢他写的内容。The contents of the telegram are as follows.电报内容如下。4content nU满足；pl.所含之物，内容，目录；sing.含量，容量adj.满意的vt.使满意Are you content with your salary?你对你的薪水满意吗？We should never content ourselves wi
12、th book knowledge only.我们切不可只满足于书本知识。to ones hearts content心满意足地；尽情地be content with.对感到满意be content to do sth.乐意做某事content oneself with sth.使自己满足于The old man is content to live in the countryside.那位老人乐意住在农村。The child is singing to his hearts content.这个孩子在尽情地唱歌。Would now be a suitable moment to show
13、the slides?现在放幻灯片合适吗？I want to buy some books that are suitable for children.我想买一些适合儿童(阅读)的书。It is not suitable for you to dress like that for a party.你穿那样的衣服参加聚会并不十分得体。5suitable adj.合适的；适用的be suitable to do sth.适合做某事be suitable for sb./sth.适合某人/某物It is suitable for sb.to do sth.某人适合做某事suit n西装；一套外衣
14、vt.(服装、颜色等)适合；对(某人)方便；中的意He changed his overalls for a suit.他脱下了他的工作服，换上了一套西服。I dont think this coat really suits me.我觉得这件大衣不大适合我穿。She had the ability to suit her performances to the audience.她有能力使自己的表演迎合观众的口味。Senior high school is a challenge.高中是个挑战。They challenged him to produce evidence to suppor
15、t his opinions.他们要他拿出证据证明自己的观点。In public,Michael challenged him at a dance contest.迈克尔公开地在一个舞蹈比赛中挑战他。You should gather your courage to face the challenge.你应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。6challenge n挑战，艰巨任务vt.怀疑；向挑战the challenge of(doing)sth.(做)某事的挑战face a challenge面临挑战accept/take up/take on a challenge接受挑战meet the chal
16、lenge of.迎接的挑战challenge sb.to sth.向某人挑战某事；邀请某人比赛challenge sb.to do sth.对某人做某事表示怀疑；激励某人做某事I understand the text but the diagrams are confusing me.我理解文本，但那些图表把我弄糊涂了。The road signs confused the drivers.这些路标让司机们不知所措。These verbs cannot be confused.这些动词不能混淆。7confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑confuse A and/with B将A和B混淆con
17、fuse sb.with(doing)sth.通过(做)某事而使某人迷惑confused adj.(人)困惑的；糊涂的be/get confused with/about.对感到困惑confusing adj.(事物)令人困惑的The instructions are so confusing that I am totally confused.说明书太令人费解了，我完全糊涂了。confusion n困惑；混乱in confusion困惑地；困窘地Ramon is fluent in English and French.拉蒙的英语和法语都讲得很流利。He was a fluent and
18、quick writer.他是个文笔流畅、下笔成文的作家。8fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的；熟练的be fluent in.在方面流利fluently adv.流利地；流畅地fluency n(尤指外语)流利，流畅Mitch graduated from Stanford with a degree in law.米奇从斯坦福大学毕业，获法学学位。My brother is a graduate of Yale.我哥哥是耶鲁大学的毕业生。grad(e)(年级)(u)ate；完成各年级课程graduate vi.&vt./n.graduate at/from.毕业于(学校)gradua
19、te in.毕业于(专业)graduation n.U大学毕业Perhaps you can recommend me a hotel.或许你能给我介绍一家旅馆。Ill recommend him as her secretary.我要推荐他当她的秘书。I recommend buying this dictionary.我建议买这本词典。He recommended that we(should)read the novel.他建议我们读一读那部小说。10recommend vt.建议；推荐；介绍recommend sth.to sb.向某人推荐某物recommend sb.as.推荐某人为
20、recommend doing sth.建议做某事recommend sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事recommend that.建议(从句的谓语用“should动词原形”，should可省略)recommendation n推荐；建议；推荐信The man advanced on us,shouting angrily.那个人愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。We live in an age of rapid technological advance.我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。11advance n前进；发展vi.前进；发展vt.发展；促进Only those who had boo
21、ked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall.夜幕降临时，他们已推进了20英里。He was a man of advanced years.他年事已高。advance on/towards sb./sth.走近某人/物in advance预先；事先；预付in advance of.在前头make an advance/advances取得进步advanced adj.先进的；高级的；深奥的advance用法须知advance本身已有“向前”的意思，因此其后不必再接fo
22、rward。Were obviously going to need more help.显然我们将需要更多的帮助。“Is she sorry？”“Obviously not！Look at her.”“她难过吗？”“显然不！(你)看她那神态。”12obviously adv.显然；明显地；显而易见地obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的It is obvious that.很明显(obviously)be obvious to.对很好理解Despite many obvious advantages,it is not without its problem.尽管有许多明显的优点，
23、但是它也存在它的问题。It was obvious that Gina was lying.吉娜显然是在撒谎。It might be obvious to you,but it isnt to me.这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。He has quit smoking.他已戒烟了。They quit work at five.他们5点钟下班。13quit vi.&vt.(quit/quitted；quit/quitted)停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)quit office离职quit school辍学quit doing sth.停止做某事He quit school a
24、t 15 and left home.他15岁辍学后离开了家。You must quit smoking.Most important of all,you should start taking exercise.你必须戒烟。最重要的是，你应该开始运动。巧记英语中接动名词作宾语的及物动词(短语)：(1)建议，考虑，坚持练(suggest，advise，consider，insist on，practise)(2)允许，想象，提冒险(permit，allow，imagine，mention，risk)(3)阻止，抵抗，否逃脱(prevent，resist，deny，escape)(4)不禁，介
25、意，保持完(cant help，mind，keep，finish)(5)耽误，停止，求原谅(delay，quit，require，forgive，excuse)(6)承认，错过，欣喜欢(admit，miss，appreciate，enjoy)There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulation.对人口过多的问题没有简单的解决方法。The solution to last weeks puzzle is on Page 12.上星期字谜的谜底在12页。14solution n解决方法；答案a solution to the
26、problem 问题的解决(方法)solve v.解决；解答solve the problem 解决问题I think I can solve the difficulties.我想我能解决这些困难。Charlie thinks money will solve all his problems.查理认为钱会解决他所有的问题。solve，settlesolve“解决”，侧重的是给出一个答案settle“解决”，其对象通常是某种争端The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule.新桥提前两年落成。The train arr
27、ived on schedule.火车按时到达。15schedule n工作计划；日程安排vt.安排；预定I have a tight schedule for the next few days.我今后几天的日程排得很紧。The interview is scheduled for 10 00 am.tomorrow.面试安排在明天早上10点。He is scheduled to visit the US next year.他预定明年访问美国。ahead of schedule 提前on schedule 按时according to schedule 按日程表(进行)behind sch
28、edule 比预定时间晚be scheduled for.安排在be scheduled to do sth.(某人)预定做某事It is never too early to prepare for the future.为将来做准备越早越好。Do you need time to prepare for the trip?你需要一些时间为旅行做准备吗？重 点 短 语1prepare for.为做准备prepared adj.有准备的；准备好的preparation n准备make preparations for.为做准备in preparation for.为做准备prepare sth
29、.表示“准备”，后接名词或代词作宾语。prepare用作及物动词。Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.我进办公室时，我们的英语老师在备课。当宾语是食物之类的东西时，可译为“制，做”。Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen while Father was watching TV.妈妈在厨房做饭，而爸爸在看电视。prepare for sth.表示“为做准备”。prepare用作不及物动词。The students are busy pre
30、paring for the final exam.学生们正在准备期末考试。Im thinking of signing up for the philosophy course this term.我正在考虑报名参加这个学期的哲学课。Have you signed up for the course in advance?你提前报名参加课程了吗？2sign up(for sth.)报名(参加课程)sign n迹象；痕迹；征兆；指示牌；标记v签名；签订；做手势sign language手势语a road/traffic sign道路/交通标识My grandmother lives all o
31、n her own.我祖母独自一个人生活。He finished a difficult task on his own shortly after he entered the company.他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务。3on ones own独自地；独立地of ones own意为“(某人)自己的”，一般用作定语。on ones own意为“独自地；独立地”，一般用作状语。Shed like a flat of her own.她想有一套自己的公寓。They want to do this thing on their own.他们想自己做这件事。Could you han
32、d these books out，please?请把这些书发给大家好吗？4hand out把拿出来；分发hand back交还；归还hand down把传下去hand in上交；提交hand over移交，交出at hand在手边；即将到来by hand用手；靠人工on the one hand.on the other hand一方面另一方面It is difficult to get used to another countrys customs.要习惯于另一个国家的风俗是很困难的。Now he is used to getting up early.现在他已习惯早起了。5get us
33、ed to 习惯于与used相关的其他搭配：(1)be used to do.意为“被用来做”，是use sth.to do.的被动形式，其中to为不定式符号，其后接动词原形。The knife is used to cut fruits.这把刀是用来切水果的。(2)used to do sth.意为“以前常做某事”(暗含“现在不这样做了”之意)，表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，used to后接动词原形。These kids used to live in a small village.It took them almost a year to get used to li
34、ving in a large city.这些孩子过去住在一个小村庄里。他们花了将近一年的时间才适应了大城市的生活。Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责设计全部工程。Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90%of deaths from lung cancer.因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。6be responsible for对负责；作为原因，成为起因responsibility n责任；负责a strong sense of responsibilit
35、y很强的责任感have/take responsibility for.对有责任；为负责任take on responsibility承担责任It is ones responsibility to do.做是某人的责任You have to take responsibility for your action.你要为你的行为而负责。I dont feel ready to take on new responsibilities.我不愿意承担新的责任。Im having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.跟上全班的学习我有困难。It
36、s hard to keep up with the changes in computer technology.要跟上电脑科技的变化是很难的。7keep up with跟上；赶上keep up继续；坚持；保持keep away from远离；避开keep back隐瞒；扣除keep down控制；抑制keep.out(of).阻止进入She has a lot of letters to deal with.她有大批信件需要处理。Her poems often deal with the subject of death.她的诗经常涉及死亡这个主题。The book deals with
37、how to deal with such matters.本书论述了怎样处理这类问题。8deal with处理；安排；对付；涉及deal with,do withdeal withdeal 是不及物动词，deal with 一般与how 连用do withdo是及物动词，do with 一般与what 连用你是如何处理那个旧箱子的？How have you dealt with the old box?What have you done with the old box?(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。句式结构为主系表，Going from junior high school to se
38、nior high school是动名词短语作主语。Collecting information about childrens health is his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。重 点 句 型1Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.从初中过渡到高中真的是一项巨大的挑战。(2)v.ing(短语)作主语意义：v.ing(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，其被动形式为being done。(不定式作主语可表示一次性的、具体的动作)谓语动词的数：单个的v.
39、ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；但是两个及以上的v.ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词要根据叙述的事来确定。如果是一件事，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果是两件或多件事情，谓语动词用复数形式。Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。Being praised by his teacher made him regain confidence.被老师表扬使他重新获得了信心。Collecting stamps and running are his hobbies.集邮和跑步是他的爱好。v.ing(短语)作主语时，如果要突出v.ing动作的执行者，要在v.ing
40、前加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。His missing the train caused him to stay in the city for another day.他误了火车，只得在那座城市再待一天。(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Ill find a way to improve on my own，其中to improve on my own是不定式短语作后置定语，so that引导目的状语从句。(2)so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，相当于in order that，从句中常有情态动词ma
41、y，can，could等。2Ill find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.我要想办法提高自己，这样我明年就能进球队了。I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.我租了一条船，为的是去钓鱼。We left early so that we could catch the first bus.我们出发很早，以便能赶上第一班公交车。He spoke loudly so that he could make himself heard.他大声说话，以便别人能听
42、到。(1)so that也可引导结果状语从句，主从句可用逗号隔开。I was caught in a heavy rain，so that all my clothes got wet.我被大雨淋了，所以衣服全都湿了。(2)so.that.的意思是“如此以至于”。so后接形容词或副词，而that引导结果状语从句。He is so short that he cant reach the apple on the tree.他太矮了，以至于够不着树上的苹果。(1)句式分析：本句是and连接的并列句。a bit意为“有点，稍微”，此处用来修饰形容词短语(be)worried about。(2)后半
43、句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to get used to all the homework。it作形式主语时，真正的主语可以是不定式短语，动名词短语或从句。3Im a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course，and itll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework.我有点担心跟不上高级班的其他学生，而且很难适应所有的作业。Its amazing how much pleasure you get out of
44、 the simple things in life,especially if you cant have them for a while.从生活中如此简单的东西之中竟能得到这么大的乐趣，真是令人吃惊。特别是当你暂时吃不到这些东西的时候。It is important for him to finish it in ten hours.对他来说，10个小时之内完成是很重要的。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和外人来往没有好处。It is strange how they did the
45、job.很奇怪他们是怎么做的这份工作。It is obvious that she is very clever.很明显，她非常聪明。it作形式主语的常见句型：It is名词(a fact，a good idea，a pity，a shame，no wonder.)主语从句It is形容词(necessary，clear，strange，important，wonderful.)主语从句It不及物动词(happens，doesnt matter，occurs to sb.)主语从句It is过去分词(reported，hoped，thought，said，expected，believed.)
46、主语从句It is形容词(impossible，important，easy，difficult，hard，wise.)(for/of sb.)to do sth.It is名词/形容词(no good，no use，a waste of time，useless.)动名词It is important that he should know about this.重要的是他应该知道此事。It is said that he has gone to Shanghai.据说他已经去了上海。It is necessary for the young men to master a foreign
47、language.对年轻人来说，掌握一门外语很有必要。语法知识自主复习语法知识自主复习语法点拨短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语短语类型组成功能名词短语1.(限定词)(形容词，形容词短语，描述性名词)名词(介词短语)2名词介词短语/非谓语动词/定语从句等在句中当作名词使用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语短语类型组成功能形容词短语(副词)形容词(介词短语)在句中作形容词用，修饰名词或代词，还可用作表语或宾语补足语副词短语(副词)副词在句中作副词用，修饰动词、形容词或副词a long riversome nice bookst
48、he capital city of Chinaso cleverreally gladstrong enougha bit boredvery fastquite earlyrather surprisingly一、名词短语(Noun Phrase)指以一个名词为中心词构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。I really need a new computer.我的确需要台新电脑。I have three close friends.我有三位密友。1结构：(限定词)(形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词)名词(介词短语/非谓语动词/定语从句)。例如：the beautiful girl的结构：限定
49、词形容词中心名词the beautiful girl in a red jacket的结构：限定词形容词中心名词介词短语the beautiful girl dressed in a red jacket的结构：限定词形容词中心名词分词短语(dressed是形容词化的过去分词，因此这里的dressed in也可理解为形容词短语)a small room to live in的结构：不定冠词形容词中心名词动词不定式the beautiful girl who is wearing a red jacket的结构：限定词形容词中心名词定语从句2功能：在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语
50、补足语。These interesting books are for you.(主语)这些有趣的书是给你买的。He is my old friend.(表语)他是我的老朋友。He had a big dinner.(宾语)他吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。We call him a great hero.(宾语补足语)我们称他为伟大的英雄。二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。1结构：(副词)形容词(介词短语)The room was awfully dirty.这屋子太脏了。It is very hot today.今天很热。The
