1、LECTURE THREE 小标题小标题First things first基础较好,List of heading 则一般先做List of heading 题出现在文章前，要特别注意不要漏做在真实考试中，每个标题只用一次例子中已经选过的段落可以直接去掉注意不要写串答案Heading 两大解题方法：两大解题方法：1.文章着手:抓住文章每段的主题句,（特殊：把握具体名词的所属类别）2.选项着手:A:抓住每个heading中的KEY WORDS B:判断heading的语法逻辑关系 判断原则:正确的heading 一般都是文章主题句的改写或浓缩替换现象十分明显1.文章具体，选项更抽象概括2.文章
2、措辞更难Method 1:查找 topic sentence 1.read the 1st,2nd and last sentence of every paragraph to find the topic sentence 2.check which heading corresponds with the topic sentenceFollow the following procedureThe 1st,2nd&the Last SentencesTopic SentenceMain IdeaMost suitable HeadingList of HeadingsIII 主题句与支
3、持句练习主题句与支持句练习 In a growing number of hotels and skyscrapers across the nation,steel walls have replaced the foot-thick brick and mortar walls once used.Tests show that a steel wall four inches thick has better insulating qualities than a 12-inch thickness of masonry.In addition,steel-curtain wall pa
4、nels save both time and labor.And the floor space conserves red by use of the thin wall as against the thick wall in a big office building can mean a couple of hundred dollars a year in rentals.Topic sentence and supporting details?Topic sentence:a growing number of hotels and skyscrapers use steel
5、walls instead of brick-and-mortar walls.Supporting ideas:1)A steel wall has better insulating properties.2)Steel wall panels save time and labor.3)A steel wall conserves floor space.Some Shortcuts主题句一定是包含性最强的句子主题句一定是包含性最强的句子1.例句不是主题句2.问句不是主题句3.从句不是主题句4.明显包含细节的句子不是主题句5.however 出现后看后半句6.sb believe/hol
6、d/imply 等引导的宾从是主句7.In spite of/despite,看后半句8.平行关系的段落没有主题句段落主题句还可能是：定义句型：A is defined as /is known as A is /Namely/That is /This is 特例：no topic sentenceMastery of theme 主旨Topic趋势TopicTopic是段落的中心，是整段描述的重点。Feature:1.某特定单词反复出现2.以指代词形式出现3.以同义词/近义词/同类词的形式出现特例：no topic sentence某些段落主题句不明显，是一系列细节的罗列，此时需要归纳出它
7、们所属的类别。Paragraph C:There is a toaster oven,a blender,and a can opener on one counter.I have a microwave oven on another.In my cupboard,you can find a mixer and a hot air popcorn popper.On the far side of the kitchen,there is a coffee machine and coffee grinder.Heading 4 kitchen utensilsMethod 2:Anal
8、ysis of headingsA:分析每个heading的核心词汇,反向去推断相应段落的可能内容 分析1.Heading中有eitheror,and等表示并列平行关系,相应段落会同时谈到几方面2.有because则相应段落会出现因果关系词汇3.含有反义词的Heading会谈到正反两方面内容 如:Two factors have led to a broader range of options for all adequate and inadequate explanation of 特殊 heading：含有rate/ratio/proportion/percentage等词的Headi
9、ng往往对应%多的段落含有number/figure/statistics/demographics 等词的Heading往往对应数字集中的段落含有financial/business/income/revenue/salary/wage/commercial 等词的Heading往往对应￥$符号多的段落 特殊 Heading：TWINS：两个Headings形式相同或者互成反义选项,其中必有一个是正确答案 Method 2:analysis of headingsB:分析heading的关键词汇,从而反向推断相应段落的位置，即开头、中间和结尾Hints from words in the h
10、eadings1.words signifying the beginning of a passage2.words signifying the middle parts of a passage3.words signifying the end of a passage1.words signifying the beginning（1）名词+of+文章主标题concept,conception,introduction,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification,view/main idea/demonstrati
11、on/orientation/initiation,what is+文章主标题（2）动词+文章主标题 define,justify（3）形容词+名词+of+文章主标题 basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors/elements of+topic2.words signifying the middle（1）所有的比较选项compare,contrast,rival,similar,match,coincidewith,contrary to,opposite to,versus,akinto,aliento（2）数字选项data,figure,demography
12、,demographic,statistic,census,calculation（3）百分比选项rate,ratio,percentage,proportion,density（4）金钱符号选项wage,income,cost,expense,expenditure,revenue,salary（5）时间指示词 decade,generation,ages,long time,long term,long tradition,long process,long procedure,century heritage3.words signifying the ending effect(affect),impact,consequence result,generalization,conclusion,summary/aftermath/anticipation Prospect/vision+文章的TOPIC
