1、-1 1句子的成分，结构和分类-2 21.句子的成分-3 3正确理解正确理解5 5种句子成分种句子成分 英文里句子的组成成分细分起来主要有7种:主语、谓语、宾语主语、谓语、宾语(还有一种特例叫表语还有一种特例叫表语)、定语、状语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。其中，补语和同位语难度比较大，英文基础不太好的同学重点了解前5种就够了-4 4 1.1 主语主语是句子要说明的人或事物，可以由名词、代词、动名词(v.+ing)、动词不定式(to+v.)、what从句、that从句、how从句等组成。动词原形不能作主语。钓鱼是我最喜欢的一项运动。Fishing is my favorite sport.-5
2、5It was obvious that he was very embarrassedhe was very embarrassed.(主语后置)It is+n./adj./v-ed+that 据说他明天要来武汉。据说他明天要来武汉。学好英语很重要。学好英语很重要。他没能通过考试真的很遗憾。他没能通过考试真的很遗憾。众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家之一。众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家之一。-6 61.2 1.2 谓语谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征动作、状态或特征。谓语永远只能由动词动词构成。及物动词（后面跟宾语才完整）、不及物动词Raise/rise-7 71.3 1.3
3、宾语宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。能作宾语的有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定后。能作宾语的有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、式、thatthat从句、从句、whatwhat从句、从句、howhow从句等。从句等。有一种特殊的宾语，就是当动词是系动词时，be动词后面的名词或者形容词名词或者形容词也可以叫做表语。请阅读下面的句子，特别注意宾语(或表语)由何种成分组成。-8 8The world inside the school walls is differentdifferent from the world outside those w
4、alls.(本句中的different为表语)The main concern is the type of computer the type of computer activitiesactivities that attract children.(本句中的the type of activities也是表语)-9 91.4 1.4 定语定语 修饰名词的成分叫定语。最常用的定语就是形形容词容词，还有一种用句子修饰名词的定语，就是定语从句了。Jasper White is one of the rare people who believes in ancient myths.It is
5、 one of the ugliest face that I have ever seen.-10101.5 1.5 状语状语 状语可修饰动词、形容词或者全句，可以由副词、介词短语、分词短语或者动词不定式构成。He is listening to the teacher carefully.It wont be long before we know the truth.-11111.6 1.6 补语补语 所谓补语，即下面的这个结构:v+n.v+n.十十n./adj.n./adj.中的n./adj.n./adj.部分。-12121.7 1.7 同位语同位语 Social sciences,t
6、he sciences that deal with human the sciences that deal with human lifelife,came into being(形成)in Europe in the early nineteenth century.同位语就是一个名词的后面跟一个短语，解释说明这个名词，在雅思作文中体现的是一种要求并不太高的下定义下定义能力能力。剑7范文:Job satisfaction，a very important part of an a very important part of an employees sense of wellbeing
7、employees sense of wellbeing，can be promoted in most jobs.两个逗号之间-同位语-1313简单陈述句语序一般为 主语 谓语 宾语 方式状语 地点状语 时间状语 He reads a book quietly in her room after lunch.-1414 1.Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly.2.Well the man the piano played.3.This morning a book I from the library borro
8、wed.4.A new school built they in our village last year.5.She a letter from her brother last week received.6.The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.-15152.基本句型-1616句型一：主谓句型一：主谓句型二：主系表句型二：主系表句型三：主谓宾句型三：主谓宾句型四：主谓宾宾句型四：主谓宾宾句型五：主谓宾补句型五：主谓宾补-1717句型一：主语句型一：主语+谓语谓语（本身意思完整，后面不需要宾语）（
9、本身意思完整，后面不需要宾语）太阳升起太阳升起.The sun rises.The sun rises.会议九点开始。会议九点开始。The meeting begins at nine.The meeting begins at nine.学生们学习很认真。学生们学习很认真。Students study very hard.Students study very hard.-1818句型二：主语句型二：主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 bebe动词动词 感官动词（感官动词（seem,look,taste,sound)seem,look,taste,sound)其他系动词其他系动词 表示动作的表示动
10、作的持续和变化持续和变化（keep,remain,keep,remain,come,gocome,go,become,become，getget)表示表示“看起来像看起来像”（look,appear,seem）-1919 他看起来很疲惫。他看起来很疲惫。He looks sleepy.这个故事听起来很有趣。The story sounds funny.这件外套摸起来很舒服。The coat feels soft.这食物闻起来很美味。The food smelt delicious.这药尝起来很苦。This medicine tastes bitter.-2020 十月，叶子变黄了。In Oct
11、ober,the leaves turn yellow.这个公司去年破产了。The company went bankrupt last year.声音越来越大。The sound was growing louder.这个商店会开到这周四。The store stays open until this Thursday.我们依旧是朋友 We remained friends.保持安静。Please keep quiet!-2121句型三：主语句型三：主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语：（后面带有宾语，表示作用的对象。）（后面带有宾语，表示作用的对象。）他不喜欢这部电影。他不喜欢这部电影。He does
12、 not like this movie.He does not like this movie.他拒绝了他们的帮助。他拒绝了他们的帮助。He refuses their help.He refuses their help.-2222句型四：主语句型四：主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语：人：人+物物 Send me a card.Send me a card.那位友好的服务员教了我几句意大利语。那位友好的服务员教了我几句意大利语。That friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.That friendly waite
13、r taught me a few words of Italian.他借给了我一本书。他借给了我一本书。He lends me a book.He lends me a book.=He lends a book to me.=He lends a book to me.-2323双宾语双宾语：在大多数情况下间接宾语置于直接宾语之前。如果间接宾语在后，间接宾语前必须加“to”(表示动作对什么人而做)或“for”(表示动作为什么人而做)。He lent me a book.He lent a book to me.He sent me a card.He sent a card to me.H
14、e passed me the salt.He passed the salt to me.She bought me a tie.She bought a tie for me.She made me a cake.She made a cake for me.-2424句型五：主语句型五：主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语-2525There be句型 There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy.There is a pen and some books on the desk.There are so
15、me apples and an orange in the basket.【注意】：be动词在人称和数上应和后面的名词保持一致，如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，应采取“邻近原则”，与最近的名词在人称和数上保持一致；在这个句型中，谓语动词有时可用其他动词（live,stand,lie）代替be动词。Long long ago,there lived a princess in the castle.-26263.句子的种类（了解内容）-27273.1 陈述句定义：用来陈述事实、表明态度、阐述观点的句子。地球围绕太阳转。（陈述事实）你可以相信我。我非常同意你的观点。1.我不同意你的看法。-28
16、283.2 疑问句1、一般疑问句2、特殊疑问句3、选择疑问句4、反意疑问句-29293.2.1 一般疑问句特征：需要用yes或no来回答；语序一般为：助动词主语谓语？例如：你是中国人吗？Have you been there?Yes,I have.No,I havent.No,never.Do you like this movie?Can you help me?-30303.2.2 特殊疑问句特点：用来对句子中某一特殊部分提问，或者说用来对句中某一具体内容提问。总是涉及到who,what,which,where,when,why,how其中之一；其语序是：疑问词一般疑问句，或作主语的疑问词
17、谓语动词。-31313.2.2.1不要接名词连用的疑问词 对人提问：对人提问：whowho，例如：，例如：He can sing in English.I saw him at the party last night.对事物或有关所做的事情提问：对事物或有关所做的事情提问：whatwhat，例如：，例如：I like English.I am studying English grammar.I am studying English grammar.Id like to go swimming tomorrow.对时间提问：对时间提问：whenwhen，例如：I was born in 1
18、980.对地点提问：对地点提问：wherewhere，例如：He lives in Beijing.对方式提问：对方式提问：howhow，例如：He goes to school by bus.对原因提问：对原因提问：whywhy，请看例句：I often study at the library because its quiet.-32323.2.2.2要接名词连用的疑问词 whichwhich：当说话者提供多种选择对象供对方选择时，我们就用which来提问。此时which后面通常接一名词连用，意思是“哪一个什么东西”。例如：Could you lend me your pen?能不能借你
19、的笔给我用一下？Sure.I have two pens.This pen has black ink.That pen has red ink.whosewhose：Whose后面必须接名词连用，表示“谁的什么东西”。例如：This is his book.I borrowed Jacks car last night.-33333.2.2.3how用法详解 howhow可以单独使用，此时可以单独使用，此时howhow是对动作的方式进行提问，是对动作的方式进行提问，如对交通工具提问。howhow还常与形容词或副词连用。还常与形容词或副词连用。对动作发生的频率提问：对动作发生的频率提问：how
20、 oftenhow many timeshow oftenhow many times?例如：I write to my parents once a month.I go shopping twice a week.其他表示频率的短语：everyevery other(每隔一)once atwice athree times adayweekmonthyear-34341.你什么时候吃午饭？2.你的家乡在哪里？3.你刚刚在说什么？4.发生什么事了？怎么回事？5.你什么时候开始学习英语的？6.你每天怎么上班？7.你多久读一本书？-35353.2.3 选择疑问句特点：提供两种或两种以上情形供对方
21、选择；不用yes或no回答。例如：Do you like tea or(do you like)coffee?Did you speak to them,or did the manager?你喜欢哪种冰淇淋，巧克力的、香草(vanilla)的还是草莓（strawberry）的？-36363.2.4 反意疑问句特点：附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实和观点提出疑问；一般来说有两种形式：陈述句肯定，则所附问句否定；陈述句否定，则所附问句肯定。P82-37373.3 祈使句特点：用以表示命令、请求、劝告、建议等语气的句子；主语you常省略，只以动词原形开头；一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。-3
22、838Stop bothering me!Dont judge a book by its cover.Dont get me wrong.Lets just have a rest.Lets hope for the best.Strike while the iron is hot.-39393.4 感叹句特点：1）主要由what和how来引导；2）what结构主要有三种：What a(n)形容词可数名词单数主谓部分！请看例句：What a lovelya lovely boy he is!What形容词不可数名词或可数名词复数主谓部分！What foolish mistakes you
23、have made!What nice weather(it is)!Whata(n)可数名词单数！3）How 结构主要有两种：How形容词或副词主谓部分 How lovely the boy is!这男孩真可爱。How time flies!时光飞逝。How形容词a(n)可数名词单数主谓部分！例句：How lovely alovely a boy he is!（注意冠词的位置）-4040 1 This is a wonderful garden!2 This is a surprise!3 He is causing a lot of trouble!4 They are wonderful actors!5 She is a hard-working woman!6 It is a tall building!7 Its a terrible film!8 You are a clever boy!9 She is a pretty girl!10 He is a strange guy!
