1、1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。(2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It is/was no use/good doing sth;It is/was useless doing sth;Its a waste of time doing sth;Itsadj.for/of sbto do sth等。现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到的”；过去分词作表语，意为“本身感到的”。(1)只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语：beg,offer,wish,hope,de
2、cide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,want,plan,fail,choose,would like等。(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practise,risk,keep,keep on,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,finish,miss,insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to等。+不定式to do作定语表示将来的动作；不定式to be done作定语表将来、被动的动作。+例句：The probl
3、em to be discussed at the meeting is very important.+会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。He is always the first to arriveto arrive at the school and the last to leaveto leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。该类名词有：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,promise,attempt,way等The ability to expressto express an idea is as important as
4、 the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的主动关系，v.ing形式表示被修饰词的特征I have never seen a more movingmoving movie.我从未看过更动人的电影了。The houses being builtbeing built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。“Things lostlost never come again！”I couldnt help talking to myself.我不禁自言自语道：“失去的东西不会再来！”不及物动词的分词形式作
5、定语表示动作正在进行v.ing过去分词表被动和完成boiling waterboiled waterfalling leavesfallen leaves作目的状语，有时不定式前可加in order 或so as，但so as to 不能位于句首The bus stopped so as toso as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来搭载乘客。We hurried to the station,only to only to be toldbe told that the train had left.我们急匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。You will
6、 never know how happy I was to seeto see her yesterday.你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant等The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to sit onto sit on.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时
7、间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。More highways have been built in China,makingmaking it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国已经修建了更多的公路，这让人们的出行变得更容易。(作结果状语)+Used with care,one tin will last for six weeks.+如果小心使用，一罐可以用六个星期。(作条件状语)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(隐藏的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着的),tired of(对感到厌倦的)等。Absorbed inAbsorbed in the book,he didnt notice me enter the room.他完全被这本书所吸引，没有注意到我进入房间。Thank you！
