1、heritage n.遗产遗产awe vt.使惊叹，使敬畏使惊叹，使敬畏 n.敬畏，惊叹敬畏，惊叹Some of the heritage sites(遗址遗址)face serious dangers.be awed by 对对.感到敬畏感到敬畏/惊叹惊叹in awe 敬畏地，惊叹地敬畏地，惊叹地awful adj.可怕的可怕的;糟糕的糟糕的awesome adj.令人敬畏的；令人敬畏的；极好的极好的She gazed at the breathtaking scenery in awe.I was awed by their talent.civilization (also civili
2、sation)n.文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界civilized adj.文明的；有礼貌的文明的；有礼貌的(civilize的过去分词的过去分词)civilize v.使文明；教化；使开化使文明；教化；使开化 China is one of the birthlands(发源地发源地)of ancient civilization.This kind of thing should not happen in a civilized society.They tried to civilize the natives.preserve vt.维护，保护，
3、保存；维持维护，保护，保存；维持preservation n.保存，保留保存，保留well-preserved adj.保存良好的保存良好的preservefrom 保护使保护使免遭掩护免遭掩护We will do everything to preserve peace.The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急迫的紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急迫的wear down（使）磨损，（使）逐渐磨平（使）磨损，（使）逐渐磨平in urgent ne
4、ed of 迫切需要迫切需要urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事敦促某人做某事Its urgent that sb/sth should(虚拟语气虚拟语气)urge v.敦促；竭力主张敦促；竭力主张 n.强烈的欲望；冲动强烈的欲望；冲动There is an urgent need for food and water.The law is in urgent need of reform.It is most urgent that the patient should get to hospital.wear sb out 使筋疲力尽；使厌烦使筋疲力尽；使厌烦wear sth
5、 out 磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏The engine parts will wear down if not properly cared for.I really feel that I am worn out.pyramid n.金字塔金字塔ruin vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n.毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁incredible adj.极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的in ruins 毁坏；成为废墟毁坏；成为废墟be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟沦为废墟T
6、he temple was in ruins.The bad weather ruined our trip.incredibly adv.难以置信地难以置信地;非常地非常地credible adj.可信赖的可信赖的;可靠的可靠的syn:unbelievable adj.unbelievably adv.I felt Id made an incredible discovery.It was incredibly hard work.feet of clay 致命的弱点；泥足（指站不住脚的事物）致命的弱点；泥足（指站不住脚的事物）clay n.黏土，陶土黏土，陶土Eric is sad be
7、cause his idol has feet of clay.sculpture n.雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术missile n.导弹导弹violence n.暴力，暴行；狂热，激情暴力，暴行；狂热，激情sculpturer n.雕塑师雕塑师sculptural adj.雕刻的；雕刻般的雕刻的；雕刻般的violent adj.violently adv.Gandhi(甘地甘地)does not advocate the use of violence.Twenty people were killed in the violence.He has a history of v
8、iolent crime.conflict n.（军事）冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致（军事）冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 vi.冲突，抵触冲突，抵触conflict with=in conflict with 和和冲突冲突come into conflict with 与与产生矛盾产生矛盾 These results conflict with/are in conflict with earlier findings.The violence was the result of political and cultural conflicts.John often comes into
9、conflict with his boss.civil adj.国民的；国家的；民事的（前定）国民的；国家的；民事的（前定）civilian n.平民平民;老百姓老百姓civil rights/civil war/civil servant民权民权/内战内战/公务员公务员status n.身份，地位；状况，情形身份，地位；状况，情形The job brings with it status and a high income.wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗（正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗internal adj.内部的；国内的内部的；国内的outcome n.结果，效果结
10、果，效果When you calculate the value of the car,you must allow for wear and tear.opp:external adj.外部的，外面的外部的，外面的eternal adj.永恒的永恒的,永久的永久的He died hours later from internal bleeding.Shes not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.reef n.礁，礁脉礁，礁脉coral n.珊瑚珊瑚 adj.珊瑚色的珊瑚色的There are many coral reefs i
11、n the sea.ecology n.生态，生态学生态，生态学ecological adj.生态的，生态学的生态的，生态学的 ecologist n.生态学家生态学家;生态保护者生态保护者ecosystem n.生态系统生态系统Oil pollution could damage the fragile ecology of the coral reefs.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.agenda n.计划，方案；议程表，议事日程计划，方案；议程表，议事日程be on the agenda 提上日程提上
12、日程at the top of the agenda 当务之急当务之急For the government,education is now at the top of the agenda.The election will be on the agenda.pagoda n.佛塔佛塔nail n.钉子；指甲钉子；指甲 vt.固定固定nail sth down 达成一致；确定某事达成一致；确定某事nail sth to 用钉子将用钉子将固定到（墙上、柱子上等）固定到（墙上、柱子上等）I nailed the sign to a tree.She says shell come,but I c
13、ant nail her down to a specific time.panel n.专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘a panel of experts 专家组专家组a control/display panel 控制控制/显示面板显示面板The panel says the ground rules(基本原则基本原则)for the current talks should be maintained.The battery is charged by a solar panel.specialist n.专家；专科医生专家；专科医生 adj.专业的
14、专业的assess vt.评估，评定；估算评估，评定；估算specialize（=specialise）v.专门研究专门研究;使专门化使专门化a specialist in.在在.方面的专家方面的专家He specialized in criminal law.他专攻刑法。他专攻刑法。The farmers looked him as a specialist.assessment n.评定；估价评定；估价Its difficult to assess the effects of these changes.collapse vi.倒塌，坍塌；昏倒倒塌，坍塌；昏倒 n.昏倒；倒塌昏倒；倒塌T
15、he roof of the old house collapsed.She was taken to hospital after her collapse at work.The unexpected rainstorm caused the collapse of the roof.consultation n.咨询，商讨；就诊咨询，商讨；就诊suspend vt.暂停；悬，挂暂停；悬，挂consult v.查阅查阅；商量；请教；商量；请教;向向.咨询咨询consultant n.顾问；咨询者；会诊医生顾问；咨询者；会诊医生consult(with)sb about sth 向某人请教向
16、某人请教/咨询咨询Could you tell us some details about the consultation?Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should get.I have to consult with the manager about the matter.suspension n.悬浮；暂停；停职悬浮；暂停；停职suspense n.悬念悬念Tom is suspended from school for a week for bad conduct.A lamp was suspended from
17、the ceiling.suspend sb(from sth)使暂时停职（或停学等）使暂时停职（或停学等）division n.分歧；分开，分割分歧；分开，分割dam n.水坝水坝architect n.建筑师；设计师建筑师；设计师divide v.（使）分开；使分离；使产生分歧（使）分开；使分离；使产生分歧be divided into.被分成被分成.divide sth among/between sb 把某物分配给某人把某物分配给某人 architecture n.建筑学；建筑风格建筑学；建筑风格There are deep divisions in the party over th
18、e war.Lets divide ourselves into several groups.Divide the sauce(酱汁酱汁)among 4 bowls.As one architect puts it,Architecture is first and foremost about thinking.正如一位建筑师所说：正如一位建筑师所说：“建筑最重要的是思考。建筑最重要的是思考。”operator n.操作人员，技工；接线员操作人员，技工；接线员incident n.事件；冲突事件；冲突operate vi.运转；动手术运转；动手术;起作用起作用 vt.操作；经营操作；经营o
19、peration n.操作；经营；手术操作；经营；手术 perform an operation on.做手术做手术He is explaining how a machine operates.We will have to operate on his eyes.Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.辨析：辨析：event 历史上的重大事件或比赛项目历史上的重大事件或比赛项目incident 小事件或政治上具有影响的事件或事变小事件或政治上具有影响的事件或事变accident 强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情When e
20、xactly did the incident occur?The Lugouqiao Incident broke out in 1937.cooperation n.合作，协作；协助，配合合作，协作；协助，配合cooperate vi.合作，配合；协力合作，配合；协力cooperative adj.合作的；协作的合作的；协作的forecast vt.（forecast,forecast;forecasted,forecasted）预测，预报）预测，预报 n.预测，预报预测，预报cooperate with 与与合作合作be in cooperation with sb 与与合作合作Than
21、k you very much for your cooperation.This TV series is produced in cooperation with Hong Kong TV.He is willing to cooperate with the people who are cooperative.syn:predict v.foresee v.预见预见;预知预知 Snow is forecast for tomorrow.预报明天有雪。预报明天有雪。The weather forecast was unreliable.interrupt vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断
22、打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi.打扰，插嘴打扰，插嘴interruption n.中断；干扰中断；干扰be interrupted by.被被打断打断The game was interrupted several times by rain.Dont interrupt me when I am busy.conservation n.保护；保持保护；保持conserve vt.保存；保护保存；保护conservative adj.保守的保守的;守旧的守旧的 conservationist n.（自然环境等）保护主义者（自然环境等）保护主义者conversation n.交谈交谈;对话对话
23、Environmental conservation has been a hot topic in recent years.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.motion n.提议，动议；运动；动作提议，动议；运动；动作vote vt.&vi.投票，表决投票，表决 n.选票；投票选票；投票vote for/against 投票赞成投票赞成/反对反对 vote on sth 对对.进行表决进行表决motionless adj.静止的；不运动的静止的；不运动的put forward a motion 提议提议Newtons laws of moti
24、on 牛顿的运动定律牛顿的运动定律Motion itself is a contradiction.运动本身就是矛盾。运动本身就是矛盾。The motion was universally accepted.Did you vote for or against her?Congress will vote on the proposals tomorrow.The votes were miscounted.canal n.运河运河migration n.迁徙，迁移，移居迁徙，迁移，移居migrate vi.迁徙；移居迁徙；移居 migrant n.移民移民;移居者移居者immigratio
25、n n.移民入境移民入境 emigration n.移民出境移民出境Now,migration is a natural survival strategy.This is actually the largest animal migration on earth.Most birds have to fly long distances to migrate.legacy n.遗产遗产They each received a legacy of 5 000 yuan.splendour (AmE splendor)n.壮丽，雄伟壮丽，雄伟reserve n.自然保护区；储备自然保护区；储备
26、 vt.预订；预留；保留预订；预留；保留The palace has been restored to its former splendour.宫殿经过修葺，重现出昔日的富丽堂皇。宫殿经过修葺，重现出昔日的富丽堂皇。reservation n.预约，预订；保留预约，预订；保留a nature reserve 自然保护区自然保护区reserve sth 预订预订.without reservation 毫无保留毫无保留make a reservation 预订预订 Id like to reserve/book a room.We will accept your advice without
27、 reservation.Ill call the restaurant and make a reservation.preserve vt.保护保护;维持维持;保存保存basin n.盆地；洗脸盆；盆；流域盆地；洗脸盆；盆；流域intense adj.很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的很大的，十分强烈的；有强烈感情的，热切的；激烈的intense competition/belief/pain/cold激烈的竞争激烈的竞争/强烈的信念强烈的信念/剧痛剧痛/酷寒酷寒 an intense look 热切的神情热切的神情intensely adv.强烈地强烈地intensity
28、n.强度；强烈强度；强烈Hes very intense about everything.他对一切都很热心。他对一切都很热心。The children listen with intense interest.humble vt.使感到谦卑，使感到自惭使感到谦卑，使感到自惭 adj.谦虚的，谦卑的谦虚的，谦卑的humbly adv.谦逊地；卑贱地谦逊地；卑贱地humbleness n.谦逊；卑贱；粗鄙谦逊；卑贱；粗鄙humbling adj.令人羞辱的令人羞辱的primitive adj.简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的简陋的，落后的；原始的，远古的The facilities on the
29、campsite(营地营地)were very primitive.Primitive man quickly learned how to use tools.Be humble enough to learn from your mistakes.She was ashamed of her humble background.He gave a great performance,but he was very humble.Tom was humbled by her generosity.她的大度使汤姆觉得自己渺小。她的大度使汤姆觉得自己渺小。=modest adj.corridor
30、 n.走廊，地带；通道走廊，地带；通道pursue vt.追求，致力于，执行；追逐追求，致力于，执行；追逐pursuit n.追赶，追求追赶，追求Do you have the courage to pursue your dreams?We intend to pursue this policy with determination.我们准备坚决贯彻这项政策。我们准备坚决贯彻这项政策。submit vt.&vi.提交，呈递；屈服提交，呈递；屈服（submitted-submitted)submission n.投降投降,屈服屈服;提交提交They submit the plan to ma
31、nagement.I will submit to nobody.The students must submit themselves to the disciplines at school.submit sth to sb 把某物提交给某人把某物提交给某人submit to 屈服于屈服于.submit oneself to sb/sth 顺从；屈服顺从；屈服.emerge vi.出现；暴露；露头出现；暴露；露头emergence n.出现，浮现；发生；露头出现，浮现；发生；露头emerge from 自自出现；从出现；从显露出来显露出来No new evidence emerged du
32、ring the investigation.调查过程中未发现新证据。调查过程中未发现新证据。The rabbit will not emerge from its hole while you are there.Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.assign vt.指定，指派；分配；确定指定，指派；分配；确定assignment n.分配；任务；作业分配；任务；作业assign sb sth/assign sth to sb 把把.分配给某人分配给某人assign sb t
33、o sth 指定指定/指派某人某工作指派某人某工作we assign the room to the new girl.The boss assigned him to the branch office.The captain assigned two soldiers to guard the gate.take shape 成形，有了模样成形，有了模样string n.一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦一批，一连串，一系列；线；弦in the shape of 以以的形式；呈的形式；呈的形状的形状out of shape 走样；身体状况不佳走样；身体状况不佳in good shape 精神或身
34、体状态好精神或身体状态好get into shape 强身健体强身健体Hes taking lots of exercise to get into shape.这个新的大楼正在开始成形。这个新的大楼正在开始成形。这个游泳池是心形。这个游泳池是心形。这个老演员身体状况仍然很好。这个老演员身体状况仍然很好。他正做一些锻炼来强身健体。他正做一些锻炼来强身健体。The new building is beginning to take shape.The pool is in the shape of a heart.The old actor is still in good shape.a st
35、ring of 一系列，一串一系列，一串She wore a string of pearls around her neck.A violin has strings.wool n.毛织物；羊毛毛织物；羊毛cotton n.棉织物；棉，棉花棉织物；棉，棉花cave n.山洞，洞穴山洞，洞穴Buddhist adj.佛教的佛教的 n.佛教徒佛教徒woolen adj.羊毛的羊毛的Buddhism n.佛教佛教expansion n.扩展，扩大，膨胀扩展，扩大，膨胀expand v.扩张；使膨胀；详述扩张；使膨胀；详述expand on/upon sth详述；详细阐明详述；详细阐明Despite
36、 the recession(经济衰退经济衰退)the company is confident of further expansion.I will expand on this problem next time.Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀。金属受热会膨胀。I owned a bookshop and desired to expand the business.initiative n.倡议，新方案；主动性倡议，新方案；主动性Belt and Road Initiative has a very positive effect
37、on the world.He studies on his own initiative.We have the initiative;we intend to keep it.我们拥有主动权；我们想要保持主动权。我们拥有主动权；我们想要保持主动权。do sth on ones initiative 主动做某事主动做某事milestone n.重要阶段，里程碑重要阶段，里程碑This victory was a milestone in our countrys history.equator n.赤道赤道Singapore is near the equator.showcase n.展示
38、的场合；玻璃柜台展示的场合；玻璃柜台The festival is a valuable showcase for young musicians.elsewhere adv.在（或去）别处在（或去）别处entry n.进入；参与，加入；参赛进入；参与，加入；参赛fee n.费；报酬费；报酬ban vt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 n.禁令禁令He himself is here,but his thoughts are elsewhere.entry into 进入，加入进入，加入The thief made a violent entry into the house.Entry is open to anyone over the age of 18.1818岁以上的人均可参赛。岁以上的人均可参赛。(banned,banned)ban sb from(doing)sth 禁止某人禁止某人(做做)某事某事a ban on sth 对对.的禁令的禁令syn:prohibit,forbidHe was banned from driving for three years.There is a ban on smoking in petrol stations.
