1、Prepared by Kerwin WangDepartment of Mechatronics EngineeringNational Changhua University of Education近代光電發明原理3ExzDirection of PropagationByzxykAn electromagnetic wave is a travelling wave which has timevarying electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to eachother and the direction of pr
2、opagation,z.1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)一個電磁波為一個具有時變電場及磁場的行進波，且二者相互垂直並垂直傳播方向。平面電磁波最簡單的行進波為正弦波；對沿方向傳播的波，其數學一般式表示為(1)cos(00kztEEx4內部全反射的反射光束顯示在界面上已被橫向位移一個量 。z古斯-亨琴移動與光學隧道作用Shift&DepthGoos-Hnchen Shift 圖 光纖抽絲塔之圖解說明。光纖製造Protective polymerinc coatingBuffer tube:d=1mmCladding:d=125-150 mC
3、ore:d=8-10 mnrThe cross section of a typical single-mode fiber with a tight buffertube.(d=diameter)n1n2 1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)圖 具有一個堅固緩衝管的典型單模光纖的橫切面。(d=直徑)。V apors:SiCl4+G eCl4+O2Rotate mandrel(a a)D eposited sootBurnerFuel:H2Target rodD eposited G e doped SiO2(b b)FurnacePoro
4、us sootpreform w ith holeClear solidglass preformD rying gases(c c)FurnaceD raw n fiberPreformSchematic illustration of OVD and the preform preparation for fiber drawing.(a)Reaction of gases in the burner flame produces glass soot that deposits on to the outsidesurface of the mandrel.(b)The mandrel
5、is removed and the hollow porous soot preformis consolidated;the soot particles are sintered,fused,together to form a clear glass rod.(c)The consolidated glass rod is used as a preform in fiber drawing.1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)圖 OVD以及光纖抽絲所需預形體準備的圖解說明。(a)燃燒器火焰中的氣體反應產生玻璃煙灰並沉積在心軸的外表
6、面；(b)心軸移走且中空多孔的煙灰預形體被固化，即煙灰顆粒昇華、熔化在一起而形成一個透明的玻璃棒；(c)所固化的玻璃棒當作光纖抽絲的預形體。發光二極體 8Light outputpElectrodesLightPlastic domeElectrodesDomedsemiconductorpn Junction(a)(b)(c)n+n+(a)Some light suffers total internal reflection and cannot escape.(b)Internal reflectionscan be reduced and hence more light can be
7、 collected by shaping the semiconductor into adome so that the angles of incidence at the semiconductor-air surface are smaller than thecritical angle.(b)An economic method of allowing more light to escape from the LED isto encapsulate it in a transparent plastic dome.Substrate 1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoel
8、ectronics(Prentice Hall)Light outputInsulator (oxide)pn+Epitaxial layerA schematic illustration of typical planar surface emitting LED devices.(a)p-layergrown epitaxially on an n+substrate.(b)First n+is epitaxially grown and then p regionis formed by dopant diffusion into the epitaxial layer.Light o
9、utputpEpitaxial layers(a a)(b b)n+SubstrateSubstraten+n+Metal electrode 1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)9LED材料10圖3.30(a)光由面發射LED耦合進入多模光纖，其中使用折射率匹配的環氧樹脂光纖被黏合於LED結構上，(b)微透鏡將面發射LED的發散光聚焦並導入多模光纖中。邊緣發射 E LED光纖通訊用LED面發射 S LED11P+PLaser m ediumxxP(a)A laser medium with an optical gain(b)The op
10、tical gain curve of the medium.Thedashed line is the approximate derivation in the text.hE2E1O ptical G ain(a)(b)g()g(o)1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)圖4.10(a)具有光增益的雷射介質(b)介質的光增益曲線。虛線是參考書中的近似推導。雷射共振條件LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)14太陽能光譜15太陽能電池的工作原理(跨大的圖形以放大工作原理)。16Finger electrodespnBus
11、electrodefor current collectionFinger electrodes on the surface of a solar cellreduce the series resistance 1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)太陽能電池表面上的文叉指型電極可降低串聯電阻。17LeLhWIphxEHPsexp(x)Photogenerated carriers within the volume Lh+W+Le give rise to a photocurrent Iph.Thevariation in the p
12、hotegenerated EHP concentration with distance is also shown where is theabsorption coefficient at the wavelength of interest.1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)在 Ln+W+Le 體積內光產生的載子造成光電流 Iph。光產生電子電洞對濃度隨著距離的改變也圖示在這裡，是有興趣波長的吸收係數。18I(mA)V000.20.40.6510VocIscRs=0Rs=20 Rs=50 IphThe series resista
13、nce broadens the I-V curve and reduces the maximumavailable power and hence the overall efficiency of the solar cell.The exampleis a Si solar cell with n 1.5 and Io 310-6 mA.Illumination is such thatthe photocurrent Iph =10 mA.1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)串聯電阻會使I-V曲綫變寬，並降低最大可能功率，因此使得
14、太陽能電池的整體效率降低。圖中的例子是矽製太陽能電池，且 ，照光使得光電流 。5.1nmA 1036oImA 10phI190.60.40.20246515Voltage(V)Power(mW)Current(mA)20101 cell2 cells in parallelCurrent vs.Voltage and Power vs.Current characteristics of one cell and twocells in parallel.The two parallel devices have Rs/2 and 2Iph.1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectro
15、nics(Prentice Hall)圖6.12一個電池和兩個並聯電池的電流對電壓與功率對電流的特性。兩個並聯元件有 和 。2/sRphI220EEEELightReflected lightReflectorFaraday mediumyPolarizerSourceThe sense of rotation of the optical field E depends only on the direction of themagnetic field for a given medium(given Verdet constant).If light is reflectedback i
16、nto the Faraday medium,the field rotates a further in the same sense tocome out as E with a 2 rotation with respect to E.1999 S.O.Kasap,Optoelectronics(Prentice Hall)B磁-光效應工程發明工程發明 的精神的精神 Engineering is the discipline,art,skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific,mathematical,economi
17、c,social,and practical knowledge,in order to design and build structures,machines,devices,systems,materials and processes that 工程學工程學或工學工學即應用科學和技術的原理，來解決問題。工程師通過想像，判斷和推理，將科學、技術、數學和實踐經驗應用到設計、製造、對象或程序的操作中。在學校中，將自然科學原理應用至工業、農業各個生產部門所形成的諸多工程學科也稱為工科工科或工學工學。工程發明工程發明 與與 五明五明五明五明（梵文 pacavidy）源於古印度婆羅門傳統，後被佛教
18、接受，指五門學科。瑜伽師地論卷38說:五明是一切菩薩正所應求一切菩薩正所應求。經云：菩薩學處，當在五明學處。；亦即成為一位菩薩，必須通曉五門基本的學識。何謂五明？即聲明、工巧明、醫方明、因明、內明。茲簡述如下：聲明：語言學、訓詁學等。工巧明：家務、藝術、科學、農業等。醫方明：醫學、藥學乃至禁咒等，可以醫治別人色身病苦，拯救眾生。因明：邏輯學，可以藉此辯證真理。內明：佛法之修學，即對佛理的理解，可以幫助自己修行，亦有利開悟他人。精通五明的學者，可以享有班智達的稱號。精通五明的學者，可以享有班智達的稱號。-Wiki-Wiki-Technologies in the Future大友克洋大友克洋 1
19、991作品Lets open our mind to make this world better!善用人生使用權。Supermen theory Nietzsche restore mans moral fibre.God was dead.尼采尼采Confucius put all the emphasis on the relation itself.The Christian put more weight on encourage a man or woman to be right within himself/herself)孔子孔子The ordinary man sits i
20、n his limited cave and sees only the shadow of reality.Plato insisted that the truth existed as true forms below the surface appearance of things.(Philosopher like to see the truth itself.)柏拉圖柏拉圖Humans behavior could be controlled and predicted.帕伐帕伐洛夫洛夫The conflicts of the subconscious mind could be
21、 seen to explain much of human behavior.Sleep Learning自我暗示有著自我暗示有著驚人的力量驚人的力量睡眠週期九十分鐘睡眠學習睡眠學習 睡前暗示睡前暗示佛洛佛洛伊德伊德REFERENCES1.Weidenfeld and Nicolson,“The Greatest thinkers”2.Beitz W.and Pahl G.,Engineering Design:A Systematic Approach,The Design Council London 3.http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/觀察人際資源認知意欲方法
22、創造思考創造思考 腦力激盪腦力激盪 創造思考創造思考 特性聯想特性聯想 創造思考創造思考 多元關聯多元關聯 創造思考技巧創造思考技巧 形態分析形態分析 創造思考創造思考-水平水平+垂直垂直 IQ,Age,Education is not required to think creatively Brain Storming Combining old things is one way 創造思考創造思考 特性聯想特性聯想Lew DSouza.創造思考創造思考 多元關聯多元關聯Lew DSouza.創造思考技巧創造思考技巧 形態分析形態分析Lew DSouza.Funny Japanese In
23、ventionsFunny Japanese inventionsFunny Japanese inventions熱泵熱水器41Design Phase OverlapWaterfall ModelSpecificationDesignImplementationTestEFORTTIME42Reduce the Number of ComponentsBenefits from the Reduction Shorter assembly time Lower management costRequirements:retaining original design functionali
24、ties.Side effects:increase component complexity and manufacturing cost43Error Correction CostSpecificationDesignImplementation Production OperationTime of Error DetectionCOST0.1110100100010000 Log scale限制?時間空間 金錢陷阱 Money Traps 溝通障礙 Communication 文化與生活壁壘 Culture Barrier 知識與認知落差 物理極限 保護主義An Old Story
25、Good old lessons in teamwork from an age-old fableThe TortoiseAndThe Hare They started off,and this time the hare carried the tortoise till the riverbank.There,the tortoise took over and swam across with the hare on his back.Concurrent EngineeringTraditional Process=LinearVsConcurrent Engineering=Team collaborationWhat is Concurrent Engineering?一種哲學一種信仰一種盼望一種藝術一種文化Practice Problems
