1、中考复习专题十一中考复习专题十一Passive voice1.什么是被动语态？2.如何将主动语态变成被动语态?3.被动语态的谓语结构4.什么时候要用被动语态？语态概述：语态概述：表示谓语与主语之间的关系的动词形式动词形式叫做语态，英语动词分为两种语态：主动主动语态和被被动动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。Tom waters the flowers every day.Tom每天给浇花。主语主语谓语谓语主语为动作的执行者执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主语主语The flowers are watered by Tom every day.花每天被Tom浇水。谓语谓语主语为动作的承
2、受者承受者宾语宾语如何将主动语态变成被动语态?主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the south-east of China.them(宾语)is grown(谓语)Tea(主语)in the south-east of China.Step 1：Step 2：Step 3：将主动语态的将主动语态的宾语宾语改为被动语态的改为被动语态的_。将主动语态的将主动语态的谓语谓语改为改为“_”结构。结构。将主动语态的将主动语态的主语主语改为介词改为介词by的的_，放在，放在谓语之后谓语之后(有时可以省略有时可以省略)。代词代词宾格宾格主语主语be+do
3、ne(过去分词过去分词)宾语宾语 donebe被动语态的谓语构成被动语态的谓语构成:bebe(助动词助动词)donedone(及物动词及物动词的过去分词）的过去分词）有有人称人称、数数和和时态时态的的变化变化规则规则动词和动词和不规则不规则动词变过去分词动词变过去分词的构成方法的构成方法见课本最后一页不规则动词表变变否定否定和和疑问疑问句。句。变化变化固定固定各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+done3
4、 一般将来时一般将来时will/shall+dowill/shall+be+done4 过去将来时过去将来时would+dowould+be+done5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+done6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+being+done7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+been+done8 过去完成时过去完成时had+donehad+been+done9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+do情态动词情态动词+be+done 重点考查重点考查一般现在时一般现在
5、时、一般过去时一般过去时、现在完成时现在完成时及及含情态动词含情态动词的被动语态。的被动语态。时态构成一般现在时am/is/are+notdone一般过去时was/were+notdone现在/过去进行时am/is/are+not+being+done was/were一般/过去将来时will/shall/would+notbedone现在/过去完成时has/have/had+notbeendone含情态动词can/must/should/may.+notbedone 被动语态的各种时态的否定形式总结：总结：1.含情态动词的not加在情态动词后面；2.有助动词的not加在助动词后面，助动词有：
6、一般/过去将来时态的will/shall/should，现在/过去完成时态的have/has/had，现在/过去进行时态的be(am,is,are,was,were)。1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken D.spoke2.Students _ not to use mobile phones in our school.A.ask B.asked C.are asked D.were asked 一般现在时的被动语态：意义：表示经常性或习惯性的被动
7、动作时间状语：now,ever.,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom等。结构：am/is/are(not)+done链接中考链接中考(2019襄阳)I enjoyed walking on the clean streets in the morning.You know they _ by the hard-working cleaner every day.A.clean B.are cleaned C.are cleaning D.will clean 1.The lost boy _ at the street corner last night
8、.A.was found B.found C.was looked for D.looked for2.The gifts _ to me by my friends yesterday.A.arent bought B.isnt bought C.werent bought D.wasnt bought链接中考链接中考(2019宜昌)Its reported that 31 of the brave young men _ in a big forest fire in Sichuan.I dont know who they are,but I know who they are for.
9、A.were killing B.were killed C.killed D.had killed 一般过去时态的被动语态：意义：表示在过去时间发生的被动动作。时间状语：yesterday,last.,.ago等。结构：was/were(not)+done1.More man-made satellites _ in the future.A.will send up B.will be sent up C.are sent up D.are sending up2.I believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years.A.ar
10、e covered B.will be covered C.are covering D.will cover链接中考链接中考(2019咸宁)The passenger refused to move after taking another ones seat!.What a shame!He _ according to the newly credit system(诚信系统).A.punish B.punished C.will punish D.will be punished 一般将来时态的被动语态：意义：表示将来某一时间将要发生的被动动作。时间状语：tomorrow,next.,
11、in the future,in+时间段等。结构：will/shall (not)+be+done1.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.have been built D.built2.In the past 10 years,many man-made satellites _ up by Chinese.A.has been sent B.has sent C.were sent D.sent链接中考链接中考(2019上海浦东)People _ to set off firecrackers in som
12、e areas of Shanghai for several months.A.arent allowed B.werent allowed C.wont be allowed D.havent been allowed 现在完成时态的被动语态：意义：表示到说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果，主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。时间状语：already,ever,recently,lately,yet,so far,since.,in the past.等。结构：have/has(not)+been+done1.English _ every day if you want to learn it w
13、ell.A.should read B.should be read C.should be red D.should been read2.Food safety is very important.So some rules _ to stop people from polluting food.A.make B.must be made C.must made D.be made链接中考链接中考(2018 达州)Final exam is coming.Dont watch TV for too long.Im not a child any more.I _ what to do.A
14、.should always be told B.should always tell C.shouldnt always be told D.shouldnt always tell含情态动词的被动语态：意义：常常用来表示具有某种特定的感情色彩的被动动作。结构：can/may/must/should.(not)+be+done什么时候要用被动语态？什么时候要用被动语态？1.不知道或不知道或没有必要没有必要说明动作的执行者时；说明动作的执行者时；2.出于礼貌或不便提到出于礼貌或不便提到动作的执行者时；动作的执行者时；Everybody is expected to obey the follo
15、wing rules.希望大家遵守以下规定希望大家遵守以下规定。My bike was stolen我的自行车被偷了我的自行车被偷了。3.需要强调动作的承受者时；需要强调动作的承受者时；(汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。)The tiger was killed by Wu Song老虎是被武松打死的老虎是被武松打死的。4.动作的发出者不是人时动作的发出者不是人时His house was washed away by the flood.他的房子被洪水冲走了。他的房子被洪水冲走了。5.文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语Waiters wanted.(招聘服务员，省去了招
16、聘服务员，省去了are)6.某些句子习惯上用被动语态某些句子习惯上用被动语态He was born in October，1989.他出生于他出生于1989年年10月。月。7.汉语中含有汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“据报道据报道”等等作客观说明作客观说明时。时。It is said(据说据说)that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported(据报道据报道)that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is(well/widely)known that 据信.Its beiev
17、ed that.据推测说 It is supposed that 据了解.Its understood that.without parents _ good care of by his teacher.主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词（谓语动词（be）的时态时态要与原句原句时态保持一致保持一致，其谓语动词的数数与新主语保持一致新主语保持一致。The childA.is taken B.are takenC.was taken D.will be takene.g.The teacher takes good care of the child without parents.1.1.主谓
18、一致主谓一致易错点主语 ()后置定语将间接宾语间接宾语(指人指人)提前做被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍放在动词后面不变。即：即：间宾宾+be+done+直宾宾+.e.g.My father gave me a new book on my birthday.I _ a new book on my birthday(by my father).was given 2 2.含双宾语含双宾语 (间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语）直接宾语）的动词的动词把后面直接宾语直接宾语(指指物物)提前做主语，此时要在间接宾语在间接宾语前加上前加上介词介词to(在give,pass,lend,write,bring,sho
19、w,tell,send等动词后)或或for(在draw,buy,make,leave,play,order,cook等动词后)。即：即：直宾宾+be+done+介词介词(for/to)+间宾宾+.My father gave me a new book on my birthday.e.g.A new book _ me a new book on my birthday.was given to He _ an interesting story by his grandpa.An interesting story _ him by his grandpa.1.My sister boug
20、ht me a new computer yesterday.I _ a new computer(by my sister)yesterday.A new comput _ me(by my sister)yesterday.was bought was bought for His grandpa told him an interesting story.was told towas told 3、在主动语态中，动词不定式在let,make,see,hear等使役动词、感观动词后作宾语补足语时，要省去“to”，但在被动语态中，“to”要还原还原。这种用法的常用动词有：一感一感 feel
21、二听二听 hear,listen to 三使三使 make,let,have 四看四看 see,watch,notice,look at I often make my little sister cry.My little sister_ often _ cry.e.g.ismade to考点还有还有help哦哦 刚才有人看见Paul进了这间办公室。Paul _ enter this office just now.was seen to 4.4.主动形式表被动意义的情况：主动形式表被动意义的情况：1.某些系动词如 smell,look,sound,feel等，不用于被动语态，用主动形式表被
22、动意义。e.g.A babys skin _ smooth.婴儿的皮肤摸起来很光滑。Good medicine _bitter.良药苦口（尝起来）。Your reason _ reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。The dress on you _ very smart.你身上这件裙子很好看。feels tastes 考点soundslooks2.某些可以用来表示主语内在“品质”或“状态”，与well(很很),easily(容易的),perfectly(十分地)等状语连用的动词，如wash,sell,read,wear,feel,keep,write,drive等，不用于被动语态，用主
23、动形式表被动意义。e.g.The books written by Mo Yan _ well.莫言写的书很畅销。This kind of cloth_ easily.这种布料很容易洗。The pen _ well.这笔好写。sellwashes易错writes3.主语主语+be worth doing 句式中 V.ing形式表达被动含义;。e.g.这本书值得一读。The book is worth _.故宫博物院值得一游。The Palace Museum is worth _.这个故事值得一听 The story is worth _.。listening toreadingvisitin
24、g教材中常见的一些表被动含义的短语教材中常见的一些表被动含义的短语：1.be covered with.被.覆盖 2.be filled with.装满/充满.=be full of.3.be regarded as.被视为.4.be cosidered as.被认为/看作.5.be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事6.be made of.由.(看得出来的原料)制成7.be made from.由.(看不出来的原料)制成8.be made in.由(某地方)制造9.be made by.由(某人)制造 10.be used to do sth.被用来做某事 be used f
25、or.被用于.be used as.被当作.来使用11.be supposed/expected to.应该/被期待做某事12.make sb.done 使自己被别人.13.have/get sth.done 让某事/物被.1.Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.I think a bridge _ over the river.A.was build B.is being built C.has been built D.should be built2.Dont worry.You _ p
26、lenty of time to decide.A.will give B.have given C.will be given D.are giving3.Do you like the material?Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt单项选择：4.This kind of pen _ well,because it _ smoothly.A.sells;writes B.is sold;writes C.sells;is written D.is sold;is writing5.Newspapers _ p
27、aper.Paper _ wood.A.are made of;is made from B.is made of;is made from C.are made from;is made of D.is made from;is made of6.Tom!You _ on the phone just now,but you _ in.A.wanted;were B.are wanted;are C.called;arent D.were wanted;werent.Mary _ an English song in her room when we passed by.A.was hear
28、d to sing B.heard to sing C.was heard singing D.heard singing完成句子完成句子：1.随着中国的发展，老年人在未来可以随着中国的发展，老年人在未来可以得到得到很好的很好的照顾照顾。（。（look）With the development of China,the old people can_well in the future.2.最近几年来，黄冈最近几年来，黄冈发生了发生了巨大的变化。（巨大的变化。（take）Great changes _ in Huanggang in the past few years.be looked a
29、fter have taken place5.这个小镇周围很多旧窗户和房门这个小镇周围很多旧窗户和房门被拆毁了被拆毁了。（。（pull）Many old windows and doors around the town _.6.通常在周末我们的体育老师通常在周末我们的体育老师叫来叫来一些学生练习足球。（一些学生练习足球。（call）Usually,some students _ to practice soccer by our PE teacher on weekends.7.人们相信，茶是人们相信，茶是6、7世纪世纪带到带到韩国和日本的。（韩国和日本的。（bring）Its believ
30、ed that tea _ Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries.8.这家餐馆这家餐馆提供提供安全又美味的食物。安全又美味的食物。Safe and delicious food _ in this restaurant.are called inwas brought towere pulled downis served Rome is not built in a day.Rome is not built in a day.The finest diamond must be cut.The finest diamond must be
31、 cut.Time is lost cannot be won again.Time is lost cannot be won again.Lost time is never found again.Lost time is never found again.Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.Experience must be bought.Experience must be bought.注意：注意：如果主
32、动句中的主语是人称代词人称代词，改为被动句时作介词作介词 by的宾语的宾语，要用宾格宾格。规则动词过去式（规则动词过去式（过去分词过去分词）的变化规则）的变化规则 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed。如：wanted，played 以不发音不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。如：hoped，lived 以重读闭音节重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写双写 最后一个辅音字母最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。如：stopped,dropped 以辅音辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed。如：studied，worried动词原形过去式过去分词 cost kstcost kstcost
33、 kst花费cut ktcut ktcut kt割，切，剪hurt h:thurt h:thurt h:t受伤，使伤痛hit hithit hithit hit打，撞击let letlet letlet let让put putput putput put放下read ri:dread redread red注意读音读set setset setset set安排，安置spread spredspread spredspread spred展开，传播，涂spit spitspit/spat spit spt spit/spat spit spt吐痰,shut tshut tshut t关上,闭起
34、,停止营业英语不规则动词初中记忆表1.AAA型（原形原形原形）12.AAB型动词原形过去式过去分词 beat bi:t beat bi:tbeaten bi:tn打败3.ABA（原形过去式原形）动词原形过去式过去分词 become bikmbecame bikeimbecome bikm变come kmcame keimcome km来run rnran rnrun rn跑4.ABB型（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词 deal di:ldealt deltdealt delt解决hear hiheard h:dheard h:d听见mea
35、n mi:nmeant mentmeant ment意思（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词 build bildbuilt biltbuilt bilt建筑lend lendlent lentlent lent借给rebuild ,ri:bildrebuilt ,ri:biltrebuilt ,ri:bilt改建,重建send sendsent sentsent sent送，寄spend spendspent spentspent spent花费（3）原形ought ought 动词原形过去式过去分词 bring bribrought
36、 br:tbrought br:t带来buy baibought b:tbought b:t买fight faitfought f:tfought f:t打架think ikthought :tthought :t思考,想（4）原形aught aught动词原形过去式过去分词 catch ktcaught k:tcaught k:t捉,抓teach ti:ttaught t:ttaught t:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词 dig didug ddug d掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)feed fi:dfed fedfed fed喂食find faindfound fundfo
37、und fund发现，找到get etgot tgot/gotten tn得到hold huldheld heldheld held拥有，握住，支持lead li:dled ledled led引导,带领,领导meet mi:tmet metmet met遇见sit sitsat stsat st坐shoot u:tshot tshot t射击spit spitspit/spat sptspit/spat spt吐痰,stick stikstuck stkstuck stk插进,刺入,粘住,win winwon wnwon wn赢babysit bbi,sitbabysat bebisitba
38、bysat bebisit临时照看（6）原形_lt/pt/ft_lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词 feel fi:lfelt feltfelt felt 感到，触摸keep ki:pkept keptkept kept保持leave li:vleft leftleft left离开sleep sli:pslept sleptslept slept睡觉sweep swi:pswept sweptswept swept扫（7）其它（无规律）动词原形过去式过去分词 lay leilaid leidlaid leid下蛋,放置pay peipaid peidpaid peid付say seisa
39、id sedsaid sed说stand stndstood studstood stud站understand,ndstndunderstood ,ndstudunderstood ,ndstud明白lose lu:zlost lst,l:stlost lst,l:st失去have hv,hvhad hdhad hd有make meikmade meidmade meid制造sell selsold suldsold suld卖tell teltold tuldtold tuld告诉retell ,ri:telretold ,ri:tuldretold ,ri:tuld重讲，重复，复述（1）
40、原形ewown5.ABC型blow blublew blu:blown blun吹draw dr:drew dru:drawn dr:n画画grow rugrew ru:grown run生长know nuknew nju:known nun知道throw ruthrew ru:thrown run,run抛，扔动词原形过去式过去分词（4）、变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）动词原形过去式过去分词 begin biinbegan binbegun bin开始drink drikdrank drkdrunk drk喝sing sisang ssung s
41、唱sink siksank sksunk sk下沉,沉没swim swimswam swmswum swm游泳ring rirang rrung r打电话（3）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词 drive draiv drove druvdriven drivn驾驶eat i:t ate et,eiteaten i:tn吃fall f:lfell felfallen f:ln落下give ivgave eivgiven ivn给，给予forgive fivforgave feivforgiven fivn原谅,饶恕overeat ,uvri:toverate uvetoverea
42、ten ,uvri:tn(使)吃过量take teiktook tuktaken teikn拿ride raidrode rudridden ridn骑，乘see si:saw s:seen si:n看见write raitwrote rutwritten ritn写forbid fbidforbade fbdforbidden fbidn禁止rise raizrose ruzrisen rizn上升，升起mistake misteikmistook mistukmistaken misteikn弄错;误解,shake eikshook ukshaken eikn摇（4）原形过去式过去式+(e
43、)n动词原形过去式过去分词 break breikbroke brukbroken brukn打破choose tu:zchose tuzchosen tuzn选择get etgot tgot/gotten tn得到hide haidhid hidhidden hidn隐藏forget fetforgot ftforgotten ftn忘记freeze fri:zfroze fruzfrozen fruzn冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speak spi:kspoke spukspoken spukn说steal sti:lstole stulstolen stuln偷（5）其它（无规律）动词原形过去式
44、过去分词 be(am,is,are)was/werebeen bin是do du:did diddone dn做go uwent wentgone n去wear wwore w:worn w:n穿（6）一个动词有两种变化形式动词原形过去式过去分词 bear bbore b:born b:nvt.负担,忍受 vi.生bore b:borne b:nlie lailay leilain lein躺lied li:dlide li:d说谎hang hhanged hdhanged hd绞死、吊死、hung hhung h悬挂learn l:nlearned l:nidlearned l:nid 学习
45、learnt l:ntlearnt l:ntshow ushowed udshowed ud展示,给.看showed udshown unspell spelspelled speldspelled speld拼写spelt speltspelt speltburn b:nburnt b:ntburnt b:nt燃烧burned b:ndburned b:ndsmell smelsmelled smeldsmelt smelt 闻,嗅smelt smeltsmelt smeltshine ainshined aindshined aind 使照耀，使发光shone nshone ndream
46、dri:mdreamed dri:mddreamed dri:md做梦dreamt dremtdreamt dremt wake weikwaked weikt waked weikt 醒来，叫醒,激发woke wukwoken wuknlight laitlighted laitidlighted laitid点燃,照亮lit litlit litprove pru:vproved pru:vdproved pru:vd证明,证实,试验proved pru:vdproven pru:vnspeed spi:dspeeded spi:didspeeded spi:did加速sped spedsped sped 6.情态动词（无过去分词）动词原形过去式 can kncould kd cud能may meimight mait也许must mst/必须shall lshould d ud将要will wilwould wud会
