1、2022年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试英语试卷共8页，卷面满分120分，折算成130分计入总分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在 答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草 稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共
2、15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMake the most of the pleasant weather and enjoy the best walk of the year with friends and family. Use your 2 for 1 Entry in some of our favorite landscape gardens for a memorable day out.Painswick Rococo GardenFind beauty and quietness at the UK
3、s only complete surviving Rococo Garden. Discover fanciful garden flowers, woodland walks, and beautifully framed (镶框) views across the valley. Dogs on short leads are permitted and the shop offers a range of seasonal and local produce.Book at rococogarden.org.uk.Open: closed 1-25 March, open 26-31
4、March, 10 am-4 pm, last entry 2:30 pm.Nymans GardenWalk down Spring Walk packed with seasonal flowers and pleasant smells, and enjoy the hedge (树篱) topped with frost. Routes include those with plenty of level paths to follow around the garden. Dogs are welcome every day from 1:30 pm, with a festive
5、treat provided.Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/ nymans.Open: daily except 24-25 March, 10 am-4 pm.Ventnor Botanic GardenEven in early spring, there are typically over 200 varieties of plants to be seen flowering as you explore the 27 acres. Enjoy access to the coastal path and routes accessible for whe
6、elchairs, and then warm up with coffee milk in the cafe afterwards.Book at botanic.co.uk.Open: daily except 25 March, 9 am-4 pm.Gibside GardenEnjoy walking paths at this Georgian landscape garden, featuring plenty of wildlife. Follow the winding river and turning valley for fantastic views. up with
7、hot chocolate and delicious biscuits in the second-hand bookshop.Book at nationaltrust.org.uk/gibside.Open: daily except 24 and 25 March, 10 am-4 pm.1. What do Painswick Rococo Garden and Nymans Garden have in common?A. Valley views.B. Frosty flowers.C. Seasonal produce.D. Pet permission.2. Which ga
8、rden favors people with walking disability?A. Painswick Rococo Garden.B. Nymans Garden.C. Ventnor Botanic Garden.D. Gibside Garden.3. Where can the text be found?A. In a research paper.B. In a travel brochure.C. In a science magazine.D. In a geography textbook.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要
9、介绍了可以一起散步的四个景观花园。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Painswick Rococo Garden下的“Dogs on short leads are permitted(短期带狗是允许的)”以及Nymans Garden下的“Dogs are welcome every day from 1:30 pm(每天下午1:30开始，狗狗们都受到欢迎)”可知，Painswick Rococo Garden 和Nymans Garden共同之处在于宠物许可。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Ventnor Botanic Garden下的“Enjoy access to the coast
10、al path and routes accessible for wheelchairs,(享受滨海通道和轮椅通道)”可知，Ventnor Botanic Garden适合行走不便的人。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Make the most of the pleasant weather and enjoy the best walk of the year with friends and family. Use your 2 for 1 Entry in some of our favorite landscape gardens for a memorable day
11、out.(充分利用宜人的天气，与朋友和家人一起享受一年中最好的散步。在一些我们最喜欢的景观花园中享受难忘的一天)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了可以一起散步的四个景观花园。由此可推测，在旅游手册上可以找到此文。故选B。BGrowing up, I was often the first Jewish person my classmates had ever met. I lived in Mississauga, Ontario, and was the only Jewish student in my gradesometimes the only one in the whole scho
12、ol. This difference set me apart.Every September, I hated presenting the note my parents had expertly made to a teacher I was just getting to know. The note explained that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. I fretted that my teachers would label me the
13、 “Jewish kid”.The real trouble always came as the local new years festival approached. I was Jewish and celebrated Hanukkah, not this festival. At school, on one day before the winter break, every class would sit in neat rows in the gym and sing songs from the festival. However, the music teacher so
14、metimes played Dreidel, Dreidel, Dreidel, a Jewish festival song, and I would feel hundreds of eyes staring at my red cheeks. As my friends counted down the days until the festival, I counted the days until it was over and I could go back to feeling normal.Each year during primary school, my mother
15、would coordinate (协调) with my teacher to come to my class and tell the story of Hanukkah. She would prepare treats and materials depending on my age. Every time I would proudly stand beside her as she told the story of Hanukkah and explained the symbols. The children who had attended the presentatio
16、n previously competed to answer questions. After my mom left, I would overhear them showing off their fried treats to kids in other classes. My moms annual visits to my school sparked (激发) interest from other parents as well. Over the years, we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were c
17、elebrated in Germany and Italy.My mom showed me, my classmates and their families that what sets us apart should be celebrated and shared, an intention which I continue to set for myself as I cycle through another holiday season.4. What does the underlined word “fretted” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. N
18、oticed.B. Disagreed.C. Worried.D. Expected.5. What really annoyed the author during the local festival?A. Being a trick target.B. Singing holiday songs.C. Being culturally different.D. Celebrating others festival.6. How did the authors classmates react to Moms coming?A. They welcomed it warmly.B. Th
19、ey gave away her treats.C. They showed off themselves.D. They expressed sympathy for her.7. Which of the following best states what Mom did at school?A. She protected her child from being hurt.B. She encouraged cross-cultural understanding.C. She made Hanukkah a school-celebrated festival.D. She sav
20、ed the Jewish tradition from being changed.【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是班上唯一的犹太人，这让作者感到尴尬，但在妈妈的影响下，作者学会了分享自己的传统节日，明白了跨文化理解的重要性。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Every September, I hated presenting the note my parents had expertly made to a teacher I was just getting to know. The note explained
21、that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.”(每年9月，我都讨厌把父母熟练地写的便条交给我刚刚认识的老师。这张便条解释说，我将在犹太节日和赎罪日缺席。)可知，作者不喜欢父母写便条告诉老师自己将在犹太节日和赎罪日缺席，因为他担心老师知道他是犹太人，由此可知，画线单词所在句表示作者担心老师会给自己贴上“犹太孩子”的标签，“Worried”意为“担心”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段内容“The real troubl
22、e always came as the local new years festival approached. I was Jewish and celebrated Hanukkah, not this festival. At school, on one day before the winter break, every class would sit in neat rows in the gym and sing songs from the festival. However, the music teacher sometimes played Dreidel, Dreid
23、el, Dreidel, a Jewish festival song, and I would feel hundreds of eyes staring at my red cheeks. As my friends counted down the days until the festival, I counted the days until it was over and I could go back to feeling normal.”(真正的麻烦总是在当地的新年临近时出现。我是犹太人，庆祝光明节，而不是这个节日。在学校，在寒假的前一天，每个班级都会整齐地坐在体育馆里，唱节日
24、歌曲。然而，音乐老师有时会演奏一首犹太节日歌曲Dreidel，Dreidel，Dreidel，我会感觉到数百只眼睛盯着我的红脸。当我的朋友们数着节日到来前的日子时，我数着节日结束前的日子，我可以恢复正常的感觉。)可知，作者不喜欢当地的新年，因为他是犹太人，庆祝光明节，而不是这个节日，文化差异导致作者感到尴尬，由此可知，在当地节日期间，真正使作者感到恼火的是文化差异。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“The children who had attended the presentation previously competed to answer questions. Af
25、ter my mom left, I would overhear them showing off their fried treats to kids in other classes.”(之前参加过介绍会的孩子们竞相回答问题。妈妈离开后，我会无意中听到他们向其他班的孩子炫耀他们的油炸食品。)可知，当作者的妈妈来介绍犹太节日时，孩子们竞相回答问题，在妈妈离开后，向其他班的孩子炫耀他们的油炸食品，由此可推断出，作者的同学热烈欢迎作者妈妈的到来。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“My moms annual visits to my school sparked (激发)
26、interest from other parents as well. Over the years, we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were celebrated in Germany and Italy.”(我妈妈每年都来访我的学校，这也激发了其他家长的兴趣。这些年来，我们有家长来访，他们分享了德国和意大利庆祝节日的方式。)和最后一段内容“My mom showed me, my classmates and their families that what sets us apart should be cele
27、brated and shared, an intention which I continue to set for myself as I cycle through another holiday season.”(我妈妈告诉我、我的同学和他们的家人，让我们与众不同的东西应该被庆祝和分享，这是我在另一个假期里为自己设定的目标。)可知，作者的妈妈分享犹太节日的行为也激发了其他家长分享自己国家的传统节日，妈妈的行为也让我知道我们应该分享自己的传统文化，由此可知，妈妈在学校做的事情说明她鼓励跨文化理解。故选B项。CToday China is the worlds biggest consum
28、er of wheat. But it wasnt always that way.Wheat only came to the area now known as northern China toward the end of the Neolithic period, some 4,600 years ago. Initially, wheat didnt seem to be so delicious and had been treated as a crop of desperation rather than a cooking delight. The first farmer
29、s of northern China primarily grew millet, starting as early as 11,500 years ago. By the time of the Tang dynasty, wheat had replaced millet, becoming a major crop. But relatively little was known about exactly why this shift occurred.In an attempt to track the answer, I accumulated a collection of
30、nearly 1,200 data points covering more than 50 sites from the mid-Neolithic, about 9,000 years ago, to the collapse of the Eastern Han dynasty in 220 AD. The sites were across 8 modern provinces, ranging from Gansu province in the northwest to Shandong province in the east.One possible explanation i
31、s a major climate shift, called the Holocene Event 3, which happened 4,000 to 4,500 years ago. At that time, the climate became colder and drier across continents, causing damage to crop production.On top of this, the late Neolithic period was also a time of rapid population growth around the world.
32、 With an ever-increasing population and unsteady crop production, it is reasonable to assume that Neolithic farmers in northern China were struggling.Wheat, it turns out, actually needs more water than millet, making it seem a poor choice for a dry period of history. But importantly, it can be sowed
33、 after millet has been harvested. That, we think, is the most likely reason why the people across northern China started to grow wheat.From more extreme weather to changing coastlines, climate change has always brought unexpected and sometimes dramatic changes to societies. In this instance, the con
34、sequence of the Holocene Event 3 in northern China proved, eventually, delicious.8. What can we learn about wheat from the second paragraph?A. It replaced millet for its great taste.B. It was a poor choice at the beginning.C. It outnumbered millet 4,600 years ago.D. It was the earliest crop grown in
35、 China.9. What do the figures in paragraph 3 show?A. The author found the exact answer.B. The author did worldwide research.C. The author took the research seriously.D. The author was good at collecting data.10. What was probably the main reason for northerners in China to grow wheat?A. The water su
36、pply was enough then.B. The harvest of millet was not satisfying.C. It adjusted to the weather conditions better.D. It had an alternative sowing season with millet.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. How was millet introduced to China?B. Why did Chinese farmers switch to
37、 wheat?C. Why did China become the biggest wheat consumer?D. How was Chinas wheat growth affected by climate change?【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了小麦开始作为农作物的历史以及小麦成为了主要农作物这种转变的原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Initially, wheat didnt seem to be so delicious and had been treated as a crop of desp
38、eration rather than a cooking delight.(起初，小麦似乎并不好吃，人们把它当作一种绝望的作物，而不是烹饪的乐趣)”可知，小麦一开始是一个糟糕的选择。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“In an attempt to track the answer, I accumulated a collection of nearly 1,200 data points covering more than 50 sites from the mid-Neolithic, about 9,000 years ago, to the collapse of th
39、e Eastern Han dynasty in 220 AD. The sites were across 8 modem provinces, ranging from Gansu province in the northwest to Shandong province in the east.(为了找到答案，我收集了近1200个数据点，涵盖了50多个地点，从大约9000年前的新石器时代中期到公元220年东汉王朝的崩溃。这些遗址横跨8个现代省份，从西北部的甘肃省到东部的山东省)”可推知，第三段中的数字说明了作者认真对待这项研究。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But
40、 importantly, it can be sowed after millet has been harvested. That, we think, is the most likely reason why the people across northern China started to grow wheat.(但重要的是，它可以在谷子收获后播种。我们认为，这最有可能是中国北方人开始种植小麦的原因)”可知，中国北方人种植小麦的主要原因是它有一个可选择的播种季节。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Today China is the worlds biggest c
41、onsumer of wheat. But it wasnt always that way.(如今，中国是世界上最大的小麦消费国。但事情并不总是这样的)”以及第二段中“But relatively little was known about exactly why this shift occurred.(但人们对这种转变发生的确切原因知之甚少)”可知，文章介绍了小麦开始作为农作物的历史以及小麦成为了主要农作物这种转变的原因。可知，故B选项“为什么中国农民转向种植小麦？”最符合文章标题。故选B。DThe robots are alive, and now they can reproduc
42、e.Thats not a continuation to “The Terminator” Its the latest result of research among scientists at Harvard and the University of Vermont. These xenobots, named for the African frog Xenopus laevis, could move around and display collective behavior.The researchers took stem cells (干细胞) from the skin
43、 of frog and put them in salt water, where they came together into balls with a covering of cilia, which are similar to small hairs and enable the organisms (生物体) to move. The scientists noticed that these organisms, xenobots, would collect any particles (粒子) placed in the dish to make piles. They s
44、tarted to wonder whether the tiny robots would do the same thing with individual stem cells, so they conducted a test.Knowing that xenobots5 shapes affect their behavior, the researchers tried to figure out which form would help the organism to reproduce repeatedly. They discovered that a “C” shape
45、seemed to be the best. The C-shaped xenobots gathered individual stem cells into groups, which became xenobots of their own. This type of reproduction is based on the organisms movement, rather than growing and then forming a new being as other animals and plants do.Xenobots are on an unusual line b
46、etween living organisms and robots. They are organisms because they are made of stem cells and can reproduce. But they are also robots because they can move on their own and perform physical labor. Although most robots are made of metal, robots are given the definition not by their material, but by
47、what they can do.Before now, Kriegman, a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University, said, “no one has been using living materials as self-moving, self-powered robots.” The researchers hope that the xenobots can help them better understand the process of reproduction a fundamental quality of life and
48、 how to control it. Faced with a world full of self-reproducing problems, such as Covid-19, Kriegman said studying xenobots could lead scientists closer to solutions.12. What inspired the researchers to perform an experiment?A. The position of particles.B. The gathering of stem cells.C. The movement of organisms.D. The collective ability of xenobots.13. What is special about the C-shaped xenobots reproduction?A. Its repeated constantly.B. It generates new beings.C. It separates individual stem cells.D. Its based on xenobots motion.14. How are xenobots defined as robots?A. B
