1、Unit 4 Discovering Useful StructuresPast Participles as the attribute and the object complement过去分词作定语及宾补非谓语动词非谓语动词现在分词现在分词doingdoing动名词动名词doingdoing不定式不定式to doto do过去分词过去分词donedone形容词、副形容词、副词词形容词、副形容词、副词词相当于名词相当于名词名词、形容名词、形容词、副词词、副词除谓语之外的句除谓语之外的句子成分（子成分（6 6大）大）主语、宾语、表主语、宾语、表语、定语语、定语定语、状语、补定语、状语、补语、
2、表语语、表语定语、状语、补定语、状语、补语、表语语、表语词性句子成分形式1、什么是过去分词？写出下列动词的三种形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词VerbVerb（动词原形）（动词原形）Past tense(Past tense(过去式）过去式）Past participle(Past participle(过去分词）过去分词）covercoveredcoveredpuzzlepuzzledpuzzledworryworriedworriedmakemademadefallfellfallenbreakbrokebrokencostcostcost过去分词的形式主要有，规则动词+ed,e结尾动词+
3、d,y结尾动词去y+ied,不规则动词记不规则动词表.1、a respected writer=a writer who is respected 一位受人尊敬的作家2、a broken cup=a cup that is broken 一只破碎的杯子3、an injured man=a man who _ _ 一个受伤的人4、the needed tools=the tools that _ _ 需要的工具过去分词语法1：作定语（1）：过去分词在多数情况下由及物动词充当过去分词在多数情况下由及物动词充当,含有被动或动作完成被动或动作完成的意义。is is injuredinjuredare
4、are neededneeded1、the sunken ship=the ship that has sunken 已沉没的船2、the fallen leaves=the leaves that has fallen 已掉落的叶子3、the retired old man=the old man _ _ _ 已退休的老人4、a developed country=a country _ _ _发达国家5、boiled water=the water that _ _ _已被烧开的水过去分词作定语（2）：过去分词也可以由不及物动词不及物动词充当。这种情况下的过去分过去分词词没有被动意义没有被
5、动意义,只表示动作的完成。只表示动作的完成。who has retiredthat has developedhas been boiled1.The first engine _ by steam was invented by James Watt,an inventor and engineer.2.It is dangerous for the villagers to drink from wells _ with poisonous chemicals.3.Rosemary shares her _ lunch with two friends every day.4.Westmi
6、nster Abbey is a typical Gothic church,_ in the 10th century.5.These are English textbooks specially _ for primary school students.6.In the car park of the National Museum there are parking spaces _ for people with disabilities.reserve design pack pollute drive complete drivenpackedpollutedcompleted
7、designedreserved1.The first engine driven by steam was invented by James Watt,an inventor and engineer.2.It is dangerous for the villagers to drink from wells polluted with poisonous chemicals.3.Rosemary shares her packed lunch with two friends every day.4.Westminster Abbey is a typical Gothic churc
8、h,completed in the 10th century.5.These are English textbooks specially designed for primary school students.6.In the car park of the National Museum there are parking spaces reserved for people with disabilities.过去分词作定语的位置过去分词作定语的位置：单个的过去分词做定语一般放在名词的前面；如果是过去分词短语，则通常放在名词后做后置定语，相当于定语从句。2.It is danger
9、ous for the villagers to drink from wells,which has been polluted with poisonous chemicals.观察被修饰的名词和单个过去分词或过去分词短语的位置，看有什么变化？观察被修饰的名词和单个过去分词或过去分词短语的位置，看有什么变化？1.My two _(grow)children have both finished college.2._(grow)children need good nourishment（营养).3.The _(fall)snow was frozen hard.4.The _(fall)
10、snowflakes(雪花)in the sky are beautiful.5.The manager needs another copy of the _(sign)contract（合同).6.The composer(作曲家)was very happy to hear his works _(play)by the famous orchestra(管弦乐队).7.Do you know the girl _(play)the violin?8.Im looking for a room _ (live)in.注意：动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式都可以做定语,但用法不同:1)动
11、词-ing形式表示主动或进行的意义,2)过去分词表示被动或完成的意义,3)不定式表示动作尚未发生,表未来要作的事。growngrownGrowingGrowingfallenfallenfallingfallingsignedsignedplayedplayedplayingplayingto liveto live1、当我们到达学校时,我们看见门锁着。When we got to school,we saw the door _(lock).2、我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。We can hear the windows _(knock)by the heavy rain drops.3
12、、You will see this product _(advertise)whenever you go.你在哪里都能看到这个产品的广告。4、He found his hometown greatly _(change).他发现他的家乡变化很大。过去分词作用2：作宾补（1）过去分词用于感官动词feel,hear,listen to,see,notice,observe,watch等词之后做宾语补足语。lockedknockedadvertisedchanged Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.少说多看。He had his money sto
13、len.他的钱被偷了。I had my bike broken on my way home.在我回家的路上,我的自行车坏了。过去分词作宾补（2）：过去分词用于使役动词have,make,get,leave,keep之后做宾语补足语。The teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。过去分词用于表示“希望,愿望,命令”等词之后做宾语补足语（3),如like,want,wish,ex
14、pect,order,意为“希望/要求某人或某物被”。She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他的脸。过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”(4)这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。I saw her coming into the classroom.我看见她正走进教室。(her和come是逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示“进来”这一动作正在进行)With the problem settled,she could finally have a good sleep.问题得以解决,他终于可以
15、好好睡一觉了。(problem和settle之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词做宾语补足语)即学即练单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)This is the statue of a brave soldier(seat)on a horse,with a gun on his back.(2)When I came back to my hometown ten years later,I found it completely(change).(3)Helen had to shout to make herself(hear)above the sound of the music.seatedc
16、hangedheard(4)My father had had the house(paint)before we moved in.(5)The end of the story left me(puzzle).(6)Dont leave her(wait)outside in the rain.(7)To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a study(conduct)in Australia in 2012.paintedpuzzledwaitingconducted小结:过去分词的用途：1、作定语，过去分词表被动或已完成的意义，单个分词作定语前置，分词短语定语后置，相当于定语从句，过去分词使句子更简洁、精确；2、作宾补，用与感官动词后的宾补；用于使役动词后的宾补；用于表达希望某人被。的宾补；用于独立结构with+宾语+宾补。
