1、Unit1 Science and Scientists 1.severe adj.sv(r)极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的【归纳】be severe on/with 对严厉(=be hard on=be strict with)be severe with oneself 严于律己 severely adv.很严重地;极为恶劣地severeness n.严重，艰难，淳朴；severity n.严重，猛烈e.g.His injuries are severe.severe weather conditions She was a severe woman who seldom smil
2、ed.2.frustrated frstretd adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustrate vt.挫败，阻挠frustrating adj.令人沮丧的frustration n.沮丧，懊恼He became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat the disease.a frustrated artist 不得志的艺术家 feel frustrated 感到沮丧 3.once and for all 最终地最终地;彻底地彻底地 We need to tackle the problem once and for
3、all.最后一次（强调不耐烦）最后一次（强调不耐烦）Once and for all,will you switch/turn off that television!关于关于all 的短语：的短语：first of all 首先首先 after all 毕竟；终究毕竟；终究above all 最重要是最重要是 all in all 总而言之总而言之in all 总共总共=in total=altogether4.contradictory kntrdktri adj.相互矛盾的相互矛盾的;对立的对立的;不一致的不一致的 contradict v.相抵触，批驳contradiction n.驳
4、斥in contradiction to 与相矛盾contradict each other 互相矛盾搭配：contradictory messages/statements3.contradictory kntrdktri adj.互相互相矛盾的矛盾的;互相对立的互相对立的 be contradictory to 与与矛盾、相反矛盾、相反 e.g.His remark was contradictory to the truth.他他的叙述与事实矛盾。的叙述与事实矛盾。【拓展拓展】contradict v.反驳反驳;与与相矛盾相矛盾 contradict sb 反驳某人反驳某人 contra
5、dict oneself 自相矛盾自相矛盾 contradiction n.抵触抵触;矛盾矛盾;矛盾的说法矛盾的说法6.infection nfekn n.感染；传染 【归纳】5.germ dm n.微生物;细菌;病菌infect vt.使感染;传染infectious adj.传染性的;感染的infected adj.带细菌的;感染病菌的 infectious smile 富有感染力的笑容 6.subscribe sbskrab vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期缴纳(会费);定期捐款;同意 subscribe to 同意,赞成=approve of=agree withe.g.You ca
6、n subscribe to the magazine for as little as$32 a year.She subscribes to an environmental action group.I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.subscriber n.订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者subscription n.订阅；订阅费；定期捐款7.proof pruf n.证据;证明;检验;(pl.proofs)-proof 作为后缀 防.的；抗.的 【拓展
7、】prove v.证明rainproof adj.防雨的；windproof adj.防风的waterproof adj.防水的 8.multiple mltpl adj.数量多的;多种多样的；n.连锁商店 a multiple crash 连环撞车 multiple/chain store 连锁商店 multiple choice questions 多选题 multiply v.乘；增加；繁殖乘；增加；繁殖 We must multiply our efforts to explore the future.我们必须加倍努力，探索未来。我们必须加倍努力，探索未来。9.pump pmp n.
8、泵泵;抽水机抽水机;打气筒打气筒 water pump 10.household hashld n一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 adj.家用的；家喻户晓的 domestic常见搭配poor/wealthy households 贫穷/富裕家庭high-income households 高收入家庭household goods/products 家庭用品1.suspect v.怀疑;疑有;不信任 sspekt n.嫌疑犯;嫌疑分子;可疑对象 sspekt suspicion sspn n.怀疑 suspicious ssps adj.感觉可疑的Peter is suspected of
9、 giving false information.He is the prime suspect in the case.【常用搭配常用搭配】suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人做某事怀疑某人做某事 suspect sb.as/to be 怀疑某人是怀疑某人是.2.blame blem v.责备责备;指指责责;把把归咎于归咎于 n.责任责任;责备责备;指责指责e.g.Marie still blames herself for Toms death.You cant blame all your problems on your family.Officials beli
10、eve that more than one person may be to blame for the fire.【归纳】blame sb for(doing)sth 因(做)某事责备某人be to blame(for sth.)对某事负有责任；该受责备blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 =lay/put the blame for sth on sb 3.handle hndl (pl.handles)n.把手把手;柄柄 v.处理处理(=deal with);搬动搬动;操纵操纵(车辆、动物、工具等车辆、动物、工具等)get/have a handle on 弄弄懂，理解，搞
11、懂，理解，搞明白明白 e.g.I cant get a handle on these sales figures.turn the handle 转动把手转动把手 the handle of a knife 刀柄刀柄handle a crisis 处理危机处理危机 handle with care 小心搬运小心搬运4.intervention ntvenn n.介入；出面；干涉介入；出面；干涉 intervene v.干预；干扰干预；干扰 Eg.Many people felt he would disagree the idea of foreign intervention.5.link
12、 lkn联系;纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联 link A to/with B 把A和B连接起来 be linked to/with 与.有关/有联系 a link between A and B6.raw r adj.未熟的;生的;未经处理的;原始的 raw material 原材料原材料 a raw beginner/hand 新手新手be raw to sth.对.不熟练catch sb on the raw 说人痛处；揭人短处Its obvious that the man is raw to his work.She was always ready to catch people o
13、n the raw.7.pure pj(r)adj.干净的干净的;纯的纯的;纯粹的纯粹的purely adv.完全地，纯粹地完全地，纯粹地purify vt.净化，使净化，使洁净洁净pure water 纯净水 8.substantial sbstnl adj.大量的大量的;价值巨大的价值巨大的;重大的重大的substantially adv.本质上本质上;实质上实质上substance n.实质实质;物质物质;9.decrease v.(使使)变小变小,(,(使使)减少减少 ；降低；降低 dikris n.减少减少;减少的量；减少的量；降低降低 d dkrikris s e.g.The nu
14、mber of new students decreased to 160 this year.Average house prices decreased by 13%last year.This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year.【归纳归纳】decrease to 减少到减少到 decrease by 减少了减少了(表示表示减少的减少的量量)decrease in 在在方面减少方面减少 on the decrease 在减少在减少词条词条用法用法常作成分常作成分thanks to“多亏多亏”，多放在，多放在句首句首，用来
15、表达，用来表达好的方面好的方面(接近于原意接近于原意“感谢感谢”)作状语作状语owing to后接某事，可置于后接某事，可置于句首或句末。句首或句末。常作状语、表语常作状语、表语due to正式正式用语，可与用语，可与owing to 互换互换常作表语、状语常作表语、状语或定语或定语because of着重着重某事发生的原因某事发生的原因常作状语常作状语10.thanks to+n./ving/人称代词宾格人称代词宾格 幸亏幸亏;由于由于 e.g.Thanks to your help,we succeeded 1.statistic sttstk n.(pl.)统计数字统计数字;统计资料统计
16、资料;统计学统计学2.transformtrnsfm v.使改观使改观,使变形使变形,使使转化转化 【归纳归纳】transform (from)into 把把变成变成 transform with 用用来改变来改变【拓展拓展】transformation n.改变、转化改变、转化(不可数不可数););具体变化具体变化(可数可数)transformable adj.可变形的；可变化的可变形的；可变化的transformer n.促使改变的人或物；变压器促使改变的人或物；变压器 e.g.This equipment can transform light into energy.We can tr
17、ansform the world with our knowledge.3.microscope makrskp n.显微镜显微镜telescope v.望远镜望远镜 4.thinking n.思想；思维；见解without thinking 不假思索不假思索creative thinking 创造性思维创造性思维 5.finding n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决the findings of the survey 调查发现调查发现 6.protein prtin n.n.蛋白质蛋白质7.cell sel n.n.细胞细胞;小房间小房间;单间牢房单间牢房 9.vaccine vksin
18、n.疫苗疫苗8.virus vars n.n.病毒病毒10.initial nl adj.最初的；开始的最初的；开始的 initially adv.开始；最初；起初开始；最初；起初 in the initial stage 在最初阶段在最初阶段11.theoretical retkl adj.理论的；推想的；假设的理论的；推想的；假设的 theory ri n.理论；原理；学说理论；原理；学说11.framework fremwk n.n.框架框架;结构结构theoretical framework 理论框架理论框架12.solid sld adj.可靠的可靠的;固体的固体的;坚实的坚实的 n
19、.固体固体 solid evidence 可靠的证据可靠的证据 liquid n.液体液体 gas n.气体气体 13.cast kst (cast,castcast,cast)vt vt.投射(光、影子等);向.投以(视线、笑容等);投掷 14.shadow d n.阴影；影子；背光处cast a shadow over/on sth.投下一片阴影，给投下一片阴影，给蒙上阴影蒙上阴影He didnt want to cast a shadow on their happiness.15.rainbow renb n.彩虹彩虹 16.pour p(r)vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)vi.(雨)倾
20、盆而下;下大雨pour down 流下；流下；(雨雨)倾盆而下倾盆而下pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉涌出；倒出；倾诉pour cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨下倾盆大雨It never rains but it pours.祸不单行祸不单行 17.concrete kkrit n.混凝土混凝土 adj.混凝土的；确实的；具体的混凝土的；确实的；具体的 concrete evidence 确凿的确凿的/具体的证据具体的证据 1.mechanical mknkl adj.机械的机械的;发动机的发动机的;机器的机器的 mechanic mknk n.机械师机械师;机械修理工机械修理工2.b
21、reak out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发 break down 消除消除;分解分解;打破打破;(;(车车)抛锚抛锚;(;(身体身体)垮掉垮掉;(;(和谈和谈)中断中断无被动语态The war broke out.The car broke down.His health broke down.break down misunderstanding3.defend dfend v.保卫；防守；辩解保卫；防守；辩解 defence n.防御；保护；防御；保护；defensive adj.保护的；保卫的保护的；保卫的 defend.from
22、/against 保卫保卫.免受免受.defend oneself 为自己辩护辩解为自己辩护辩解The dam was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.4.assistant sstnt n.助手；助理助手；助理 assist v.援助；帮助援助；帮助 assistance n.帮助帮助assist/help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事with the assistance/help of sb 在某人的帮助
23、在某人的帮助下下I always assist my parents to do the housework.5.in charge of 主管（主语为主管（主语为人人）in the charge of 掌管（主语为掌管（主语为物物）He is in charge of the whole company.=The whole company is in the charge of him.他负责整个公司。他负责整个公司。in charge of sth.主管，掌管主管，掌管in the charge oftake charge ofcharge sb.for sth.charge sb.wi
24、th doing sth.受受管理；管理；由由负责负责掌管掌管/负责负责为为向某人收取费用向某人收取费用控告某人做某事控告某人做某事You are not in charge of the universe;you are in charge of yourself.6.missile msal n.导弹导弹7.leadership lidp n.领导领导;领导地位领导地位;领导才能领导才能 lead v.带领；通往；带领；通往；n.领先地位领先地位 leader n.领导人领导人lead a happy life过着幸福的生活过着幸福的生活后缀为后缀为-ship的一类词表示某种关系或状态的一
25、类词表示某种关系或状态 friendship n.友谊友谊 hardship n.苦难苦难 relationship n.关系关系 membership n.成员资格成员资格8.trace tres vt.追溯追溯;追踪追踪;查出查出 n.痕迹痕迹;遗迹遗迹;踪迹踪迹 tracer n.跟踪者；追踪器9.outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的distinguished excellentbrilliantan outstanding performance10.gifted ftd adj.有天赋的有天赋的;有天才的（有天才的（=talented）gift n.才能;天赋（=t
26、alent）a gifted artist 天才画家be gifted with 天生具有（=be born with）have a gift/talent for 对.有天赋e down 患患(病病);染上染上(小病小病)（常与with连用）come down 崩塌；下降崩塌；下降I think Im coming down with the bad cold.我想我染上重感冒了我想我染上重感冒了。e 短语短语come across 偶然遇到；被理解come out 出现；出版；开花come on 赶快；加油；得了吧come to 总计；达到；苏醒 come up with 提出when i
27、t comes to.当谈及1.concept knsept n.概念概念;观念观念2.abstract bstrkt adj.抽象的抽象的;理论上的理论上的 n.n.摘要摘要 反义：反义：concrete 具体的具体的abstract idea/concept 3.steady stedi adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 income 稳定的收入稳定的收入 keep/remain steady 保持稳定保持稳定 steadily adv.平稳地平稳地Its hard to find a steady,well-paying job.There were tears in her eyes,b
28、ut her voice was steady.4.astronomer strnm(r)n.天文学家天文学家astronomy strnmi n.天文学天文学5.telescope telskp n.望远镜望远镜5.besidesbsadz prep.除此之外除此之外(还还)；adv.adv.而且而且;此外此外 beside prep.在.旁边同义词同义词:furthermore fm(r)adv.而且而且;此外此外 in addition6.above all 最重要的是;尤其是7.fault flt n.弱点;过错faulty adj.有缺陷的faultless adj.完美无缺的8.brilliant brlint adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的 brilliantly9.shift ft n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.&vt.转移;挪动;转向10.vivid vvd adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的vividly adv.生动地常见搭配 vivid memories/imagination/description the day/night shift 白班/夜班
