1、Match the words to their meanings.diverge plex adj.undergrowth mercial n.numerous adj.consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understand if two lines or paths diverge,they separate and go in different directions bushes,small trees,and other plants growing around and under bigger tr
2、ees many an advertisement on television or radiosymbolize v.thoughtful adj.mixture n.dilemma n.serious and quiet because you are thinking a lot to represent something a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do,because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad a combination
3、 of two or more different things,feelings,or types of people1.It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time,not only because of its natural style,but also because of its thoughtful insights into human nature.事实上事实上，它已经成为，它已经成为美国历史上最美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一著名的诗歌之一，这不仅，这不仅是因为其自然是因为其自然的风
4、格的风格，还因为，还因为其其对对人性的深刻洞察人性的深刻洞察。insight into:A clear understanding of something,especially a difficult situation or idea 深刻深刻理解，理解，洞察洞察eg The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.这这篇文章使我们对当前经济危机的原因有了真正的了解。篇文章使我们对当前经济危机的原因有了真正的了解。The research provides new insi
5、ghts into the way we process language.这这项研究为我们处理语言的方式提供了新的见解。项研究为我们处理语言的方式提供了新的见解。2.When reading The Road Not Taken,one cannot help but see in ones mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside.阅读阅读未选择的路未选择的路总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。的树林。cannot help:used to say that someon
6、e is unable to change their behavior or feelings,or to prevent themselves from doing something 无法抑制，禁不住无法抑制，禁不住(做做)eg He is such an unselfish man.You cannot help but respect him.他他是这样一个无私的人，你不得不尊敬他是这样一个无私的人，你不得不尊敬他。When you read The Road Not Taken,it is easy to imagine a peaceful wood deep within th
7、e countryside.When reading The Road Not Taken,one cannot help but see in ones mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside.3.Life throw many alternatives at us on a daily basis.生活生活每天每天都会向我们抛出许多选择。都会向我们抛出许多选择。alternative n.something you can choose to do or use instead of something else
8、 可供选择的事物可供选择的事物 eg Is there a viable alternative to the present system?现行现行体制有没有切实可行的制度来替代体制有没有切实可行的制度来替代？throw many alternatives at us 给了我们很多选择给了我们很多选择adj.an alternative idea,plan etc is different from the one you have and can be used instead 可替代的可替代的;另外的另外的;两者择一的两者择一的eg Have you any alternative su
9、ggestions?你你有没有别的建议？有没有别的建议？on a daily basis:the way that something happens,or the way that something is organized or done 每天每天on a regular/daily/weekly etc basis(=regularly,every day,week,etc)eg Such things are taking place all over the country on a daily basis.这个这个国家每天都有这样的事情发生。国家每天都有这样的事情发生。Im sa
10、ving money on a regular basis.我我经常存点钱经常存点钱。In our daily life,we have many choices.Life throw many alternatives at us on a daily basis.4.Of course,the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems,when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.当然当然，最大的，最大的困境往往源于道德困境往往源于道德问题问题，因为我们不
11、确定哪个选，因为我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的。择才是正确的。arise v.if something arises from or out of a situation,event etc,it is caused or started by that situation etc.(由由)引起引起 arise from/out of 由由引起，引起，产生产生 eg Can we begin by discussing matters arising from the last meeting?(翻译翻译)我们我们可以从讨论上次会议产生的问题开始吗可以从讨论上次会议产生的问题开始吗?v.产生产生
12、；发生；发生；出现出现eg Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.(翻译翻译)在在他们进行实验的过程他们进行实验的过程中中，出现出现了意想不到的困难。了意想不到的困难。v.上升上升；升起；升起；起来起来eg A heavy mist arose from the lake,so we couldnt see anything.(翻译翻译)湖面湖面起了浓雾，我们什么也看不到起了浓雾，我们什么也看不到。arise/rise/raiserise vi.由低处向高处移动由低处向高处移动/上升，用得较为广泛上升，用
13、得较为广泛。eg The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。太阳从东方升起。arise vi.由低处向高处移动由低处向高处移动/上升，适用范围比较狭窄，上升，适用范围比较狭窄，主语常主语常是是argument,problem,quarrel,question,storm,difficulty,disagreement等。等。eg New problems seem to arise every day.似乎每天都出现新问题。似乎每天都出现新问题。raise vt.多用于具体的场合，多用于具体的场合，+flag,price,salary,temperature,voic
14、e,interest等名词。等名词。eg That discussion raised my interest.那场讨论引起了我的兴趣。那场讨论引起了我的兴趣。【语境应用语境应用】用用arise,raise,rise的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1)There is much that can be done about the accidents _ from carelessness.2)No matter what the reason is,when the ocean levels _,many people have to leave their home.3)The mothe
15、r _ her child from the ground.arisingrise raisedOf course,the biggest dilemmas are caused by moral problems,when we are not sure which choice will help us do the right thing.Of course,the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems,when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
16、5.Whether big or small,what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.无论无论我们我们的选择是大是小，它们都的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它有一个共同点，那就是它们们都会带来某种结果都会带来某种结果。本句是一个含有三个不同从句的复合句，本句是一个含有三个不同从句的复合句，第一个是由第一个是由whether引导的状语从句（同时还是一个省略句引导的状语从句（同时还是一个省略句：省略了：省略了主主语和谓语），第二个是由语和谓语），第二个是由what引导的主
17、语从句，第三个是引导的主语从句，第三个是由由that引导的表语从句。引导的表语从句。Whether our choices are big or small,they all cause particular results.Whether our choices are big or small,they all cause particular results.From the moment we do or decide something,it usually cannot be changed.have in common 有相同的有相同的have in common(with sb
18、):to have the same interests,attitudes etc as someone else(与某人与某人)有有共同之处共同之处eg I found I had a lot in common with these people.我我发现自己和这些人有许多相同之处。发现自己和这些人有许多相同之处。have in common(with sth):if objects or ideas have something in common,they share the same features(与与某某事物事物)有有相同的特点相同的特点eg The two games ha
19、ve much in common.这这两个游戏有许多相同之处。两个游戏有许多相同之处。【归纳归纳】have a lot/much/a great deal/something/little/nothing in common with 与与有很多有很多/有一些有一些/几乎没有几乎没有/没有相同之处没有相同之处in common(with)(与与)相同相同,一样一样【语境应用语境应用】根据所给提示完成句根据所给提示完成句子。子。1)They are brothers,but they _(毫无共毫无共同之处同之处).2)Though both Jackie Chan and Jet Li ar
20、e Kung Fu superstars,they _(共同点很少共同点很少).3)Though British English and American English have some differences in spelling and pronunciation,they _(有很多相同之处有很多相同之处).have nothing in commonhave little in commonhave a lot/much/a great deal in common6.Once we make a decision,in most circumstances,there is n
21、o going back.在在大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。大多数情况下，一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。circumstance n.the conditions that affect a situation,action,event etc.情况，情形情况，情形 eg I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.我我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。circumstances pl.conditions in which you live,especially how much
22、money you have 境况，状况境况，状况(尤指经济状况尤指经济状况)economic/financial/personal etc circumstanceseg I wouldnt have expected to find you in such comfortable circumstances.(翻译翻译)我我怎么也没有想到你生活这么优裕。怎么也没有想到你生活这么优裕。circumstance,environment,surroundingcircumstance 常用复数，指和某行动或某件事有关的客观环境常用复数，指和某行动或某件事有关的客观环境和条件，如时间、地点等和条件
23、，如时间、地点等environment一般用单数，不用复数，指某人或某物周围的，一般用单数，不用复数，指某人或某物周围的，并对人或物有影响的环境、条件，可以指精神并对人或物有影响的环境、条件，可以指精神的的(如注重道德的环境如注重道德的环境)，也可指物质的，也可指物质的(如工作如工作环境环境)，还可以指自然环境，还可以指自然环境(如空气、水、土等如空气、水、土等)，或指人为的环境条件或指人为的环境条件(如经济环境如经济环境)surrounding只用复数，指某人周围的事物或环境，这些事物只用复数，指某人周围的事物或环境，这些事物与环境对他的思想、感情、修养有一定影响与环境对他的思想、感情、修养
24、有一定影响7.What if,in choosing one,we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities?如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了未来的机会，如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了未来的机会，那该怎么办呢那该怎么办呢?What if?:used to ask what you should do or what the result will be if something happens,especially something unpleasant如果如果会怎么样？会怎么样？用于提出建议，是一种
25、主句省略了主干成分，只保留疑问词用于提出建议，是一种主句省略了主干成分，只保留疑问词What+if 引导的条件状语从句的常见句型。引导的条件状语从句的常见句型。eg What if the train is late?要是要是火车晚点了怎么办？火车晚点了怎么办？used to make a suggestioneg What if we moved the sofa over here?Would that look better?我们我们把沙发搬过来怎么样把沙发搬过来怎么样?那样那样会更好看吗会更好看吗?turn down:to refuse an offer or request 拒绝拒绝
26、eg He turned down a job at an investment bank.他他拒绝了一家投资银行的工作。拒绝了一家投资银行的工作。Im not going to turn down an invitation to go to New York!我我不会拒绝去纽约的邀请的不会拒绝去纽约的邀请的!【归纳归纳】turn短语短语 turn in 归还；上交；归还；上交；去睡觉去睡觉 turn up 调大调大(声音声音,热度热度)turn down 调低调低(声音，声音，热度热度)；拒绝拒绝 turn on 开开(电灯，电视电灯，电视)；启动启动(汽车汽车)turn off 关关(自
27、来水，电灯自来水，电灯)turn out 最后最后结果是，最终成为结果是，最终成为 turn to 求助于；求助于；翻到翻到(书中某页书中某页)turn ones back to 背对；背弃背对；背弃【语境应用语境应用】用适当的介词或副词填空。用适当的介词或副词填空。1)Dont turn the TV _.Im trying to read.2)They offered her the job but she turned it _.3)Dont worry about your watch;it will turn _.4)I get into a trouble,but I dont k
28、now who to turn _.5)We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn _.6)It was a difficult time,but in the end things turned _ all right.up down up toupoutWhat if we are turning down other future opportunities without being aware of it when we choose one from the two job offers?What if,in
29、 choosing one,we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities?8.Some of us do take a more unusual path through life,and while it may be a harder one to follow,it can also lead to new adventures and experiences.生活中确实会有一些人选择不生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常寻常的道路，虽然路途更加艰的道路，虽然路途更加艰难，但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。难，但也会带来新的奇遇和
30、经历。while:in spite of the fact that 虽然，尽管虽然，尽管eg While there was no conclusive evidence,most people thought he was guilty.虽然虽然没有确凿的证据，但大多数人认为他有罪。没有确凿的证据，但大多数人认为他有罪。Some of us do take a more uncommon path through life,and although it may be a more difficult one to follow,it can also lead to new advent
31、ures and experiences.Some of us do take a more unusual path through life,and while it may be a harder one to follow,it can also lead to new adventures and experiences.引导时间状语从句的连词有引导时间状语从句的连词有when，while，as，before，after，until，as soon as，since，the moment，instantly等。等。1)when的用法的用法 when引导的时间状语从句，动词既可以是延续
32、性的也可以是引导的时间状语从句，动词既可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的，表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生或从句动作非延续性的，表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生或从句动作优先于主句动作发生。优先于主句动作发生。eg When the fire broke out,all the students were sleeping soundly.火灾发生时，所有的学生都在熟睡火灾发生时，所有的学生都在熟睡。2)while的用法的用法 while引导的时间状语从句强调两个动作同时发生。从句中的引导的时间状语从句强调两个动作同时发生。从句中的动词必须是延续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作的对比。动词必须是延续性的
33、，侧重主句动作和从句动作的对比。eg Please dont talk so loud while others are working.其他其他人在工作时，请人在工作时，请不要大声说话。不要大声说话。3)as的用法的用法 从属从属连词连词as可以表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完可以表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成：一成：一边边，一边，一边；随随着着。eg He hurried home,looking behind as he went.他他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边跑一边回头望匆匆忙忙回家去，一边跑一边回头望。4)when/while/as的互换使用的互换使用 如果如果主句表示
34、的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时，时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时，when，while和和as可互换使用。可互换使用。eg When/while/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.当当我沿着大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友我沿着大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。9.Nonetheless,part of the art of decision-making is learning
35、 to make the most of our decisions.Instead of looking back with regret,we should be facing our future with energy and optimism,for the choices are ours,and ours only.尽管如此，就做决定的艺术而言，一部分就在于学会充分利尽管如此，就做决定的艺术而言，一部分就在于学会充分利用我们的决定。我们应该积极乐观用我们的决定。我们应该积极乐观地面对未来地面对未来，而非带着遗，而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们憾回顾过
36、去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们自己。自己。However,part of the art of decision-making is learning to do whatever we can to benefit from our decisions.Rather than thinking with regret about things that have happened in the past,we should be facing our future with energy and optimism,because the choices are ours,and ours alone.
