1、有关新冠疫情的题目与素材有关新冠疫情的题目与素材 阅读理解： Reading In December 2019, there was a cluster of pneumonia(肺炎) cases in China. Investigations found that it was caused by a previously unknown virus-now named the 2019 Novel Coronavirus. In this text, well take a quick look at whats currently known about the virus. Kee
2、p in mind(记 住) that this is a new virus and whats known about the virus now might change in the future. Coronaviruses(冠状病毒) are a large group of viruses. They consist of a core of genetic material（遗传物质）surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes(蛋白棘突). This gives it the appearance of a crown. Crow
3、n in Latin is called “corona” and that s how these viruses get their name. There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory(呼吸的) and sometimes gastrointestinal(胃肠的) symptoms. Respiratory disease can range from the common cold to pneumonia(肺炎). And in most people, the symptoms tend t
4、o be mild. However, there are some types of coronaviruses that can cause severe disease. These include the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS 即严重急性呼吸综合征， 俗称 “非典” ) coronavirus first identified in China in 2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS 中东呼吸综合征) coronavirus that was first id
5、entified in Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯) in 2012. The 2019 Novel Coronavirus was first identified in China. It initially occurred in a group of people with pneumonia(肺炎) who d been associated with a seafood and live animal market in the city of Wuhan. The disease has since spread from those who were sick to
6、others, including family members and health care staff(员工；全体职员). There are many cases at present and the disease has spread within China and also to a number of other countries. So, where did the virus come from? Its known that coronaviruses(冠状病毒) circulate in a range of animals. Sometimes these vir
7、uses can make the jump from animals to humans. This is called a spillover and could be due to a range of factors such as mutations(变异) in the virus or increased contact between humans and animals. For example, MERS-CoV is known to be transmitted from camels and SARS-CoV, from civet cats(果子狸). The an
8、imal reservoir of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus is not known yet. Questions： 1. Why was the novel virus named “coronavirus”? 2. Was 2019-nCoV transmitted from bats(蝙蝠)? 3. How many types of coronaviruses are introduced in the passage? Please compare these coronaviruses by drawing a form? 4. Where do yo
9、u think the passage is from? 5. Do you think the passage has been completed? If not, what may be following? 语篇填空： How do we prevent transmission of the virus? This new virus currently has a 1 (limit) geographic spread. 2 , there are a number of standard hygiene(卫生) practices 3 have been recommended
10、to protect against infection and further spread. These include covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a medical mask, tissue or flexed elbow; avoiding close contact with those who are unwell; the appropriate use of 4 (mask) and personal protective equipment, 5 (especial) in a he
11、althcare setting; washing hands regularly with soap and water, or alcohol-based hand rub. Actions that can be taken to prevent infection from 6 animal source include: avoiding unnecessary unprotected contact with animals; washing hands after contact with animals or animal products; and ensuring that
12、 animal products are cooked thoroughly before they 7 (consume). 8 is important to stay home if youre feeling unwell. But if you have a fever, cough, and difficulty 9 (breath) , seek medical care early and share your previous travel history 10 your healthcare provider. 十篇素材： 第一篇素材： Clinical Course of
13、 2019 Novel Coronavirus There are a limited number of reports that describe the clinical presentation (1)of patients with confirmed (2) 2019-nCoV (3) infection, and most are limited tohospitalized- patients (4) with pneumonia (5). The incubation period (6) is estimated at 2-14 days. Frequently repor
14、ted signs and symptoms include fever, cough, and myalgia (7) or fatigue at illness onset (8). Sore throat has also been reported in some patients early in the clinical course (9). Less commonly reported symptoms include sputum (10) production, headache, hemoptysis (11), anddiarrhea (12). The fever c
15、ourse among patients with 2019-nCoV infection is not fully understood; it may be prolonged (13) and intermittent (14). Asymptomatic(15) infection has been described in one child with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection and chest computed tomography (CT) (16) abnormalities. Risk factors for severe illness
16、are not yet clear, although older patients and those with chronic medical conditions (17) may be at higher risk for severe illness.Nearly all reported cases have occurred in adults (median age 59 years). In one study of 425 patients with pneumonia and confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, 57% were male. Ap
17、proximately one-third to one-half of reported patients had underlying medical comorbidities (18), including diabetes (19), hypertension (20), and cardiovascular disease (21). https:/www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html Notes clinical presentation: 临床表现 con
18、firmed：确诊的 2019-nCoV:（2019 Novel Coronavirus）2019 新型冠状病毒 hospitalized patients：住院患者 pneumonia：肺炎 incubation period：潜伏期 myalgia：肌痛 illness onset：发病 clinical course：临床病程 sputum：痰 hemoptysis：咯血 diarrhea：腹泻 prolonged：持续性的 intermittent：间歇性的 asymptomatic: 无症状的 computed tomography (CT)：计算机断层扫描 chronic medi
19、cal conditions：慢性病 comorbidities：并存病 diabetes：糖尿病 hypertension：高血压 cardiovascular disease：心血管疾病 长难句翻译 There are a limited number of reports that describe the clinical presentation of patients with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, and most are limited to hospitalized patients with pneumonia. 描述 2019 新型
20、冠状病毒感染确诊患者临床表现的报告数量有限，且大多局限于住院患者。 Asymptomatic infection has been described in one child with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection and chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities. 一名确诊为 2019 新型冠状病毒感染并且胸部计算机断层扫描异常的儿童出现了无症状感染。 Risk factors for severe illness are not yet clear, although older patients and th
21、ose with chronic medical conditions may be at higher risk for severe illness. 尽管老年患者和患有慢性基础病的患者出现危重病情的风险更高， 但具体的风险因素尚不明 确。 第二篇素材： Current Status 现状 On December 31, 2019, China reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) (1)cases of pneumonia (2) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, caused by a novel
22、 coronavirus (3), currently designated (4) 2019-nCoV. Mounting cases and deaths pose(5) major public health and governance challenges. Cases have now spread to at least 4 continents. As of January 28, there are more than 4500 confirmed cases (6) (98% in China) and more than 100 deaths. China rapidly
23、 isolated (7) the novel coronavirus on January 7 and shared viral genome data (8) with the international community 3 days later. Since that time, China has reported increasing numbers of cases and deaths, partly attributable to wider diagnostic testing as awareness of the outbreak grows. Health offi
24、cials have identified evidence of transmission along a chain of 4 “generations” (9) (a person who originally contracted the virus from a nonhuman source infected someone else, who infected another individual, who then infected another individual), suggesting sustainedhuman-to-human transmission (10)
25、. Current estimates are that 2019-nCoV has anincubation period (11) of 2 to 14 days, with potential asymptomatic transmission (12). Notes World Health Organization (WHO)：世界卫生组织 pneumonia：肺炎 novel coronavirus：新型肺炎病毒 designate: 定名为 pose：造成 confirmed cases：确诊病例 isolate：隔离 viral genome data：病毒基因组数据 tran
26、smission along a chain of 4 “generations” ：连续四代传播 human-to-human transmission：人际传播 incubation period：潜伏期 asymptomatic transmission：无症状传播 长难句翻译 Since that time, China has reported increasing numbers of cases and deaths, partly attributable to wider diagnostic testing as awareness of the outbreak grow
27、s. 自那时以来， 中国报告的病例数和死亡人数不断增加， 部分原因可以归因于随着疫情认识的 加深而开展的更为广泛的诊断检测。 Health officials have identified evidence of transmission along a chain of 4 “generations” (a person who originally contracted the virus from a nonhuman source infected someone else, who infected another individual, who then infected ano
28、ther individual), suggesting sustained human-to-human transmission. 卫生部门官员已经明确了新型冠状病毒连续四代传播的证据(一名最初从非人类来源感染病 毒的人感染了其他人，然后又感染了另一个人，然后又感染了另一个人)，表明了病毒存在 持续的人际传播。 第三篇素材： Coronavirus rumors trigger irrational behaviors among Chinese netizens In the face of China s resolute(1) battle against the deadly(2)
29、 novel(3)coronavirus(4) outbreak that has caused over 17,000 confirmed cases(5) of infections and 361 deaths nationwide, millions of Chinese people have been quarantined(6) during the Spring Festival holidays. At the same time, rumormongering(7) on social media platforms triggered(8) irrational beha
30、vior among netizens(9) as the research on effective counter-virus(10) treatment is still ongoing. A report by the Xinhua News Agency claimed Chinese patent(11)medicine, Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, containing three herbal ingredients, is effective in containing the novel coronavirus infection, citin
31、g the latest joint research between Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica under Chinese Academy of Sciences(12) and Wuhan Institute of Virology(13). The news was also reported by Peoples Daily soon after. It emerged as the most searched topic on Weibo. People rushed to purchase the medicine online an
32、d offline(14), resulting in it to go off theshelves(15) in quick succession(16). Pictures circulating(17) on social media showed residents queuing up in front ofpharmacies(18) late-night braving the chilly weather(19) to purchase Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. Some netizens even comforted each other w
33、hen they found the drugs have been all sold out, planning another try in the early morning. However, the Peoples Daily published a contrasting(20) report the next morning, urging people not to rush to purchase Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, as there is no specific anti-viral treatment recommended agai
34、nst coronavirus infection so far. Besides, research for treatment measures is still ongoing but it is yet to pass clinical trials(21). It also cautioned the public against consuming drugs without proper physician guidance(22). During the coronavirus outbreaks, frenzy(23) rumors accompanied the epide
35、mic causing social panic. Some Chinese netizens mocked(24) themselves recalling the different instances when they rushed to buy different medical supplies since the virus outbreak, ranging from masks todisinfectant(25) to rice, gloves and even ultraviolet(26) lamps. Some netizens said they have been
36、 spending hours online to dig out(27) useful information about effective anti-virus measures. Some analysts suggested rumors and the subsequent panic are more dangerous than the epidemic itself as disinformation(28)often strikes the emotional chord(29) and people arevulnerable(30) to incorrect judgm
37、ents at such critical times. Fatuous(31) rumors claiming Corona beer as a medium of this virus resulted in some netizens asking for refunds from the beer company on social media. “Calm down and give a second thought when it comes to believing different information online,” a Beijing-based resident S
38、imon told the Global Times. The first thing I have been doing every day during these holidays is rebutting(32) rumors in various family WeChat groups, as middle-aged and elderly groups are more likely to believe in online rumors. Adapted from NOTES resolute：坚决的，果断的 deadly：致命的，非常的 novel：新奇的，异常的 coron
39、avirus：冠状病毒 confirmed case：确诊病例 quarantine：隔离 rumormongering：造谣 trigger：触发，引起 netizen：网民 counter-virus：抗病毒的 patent：专利权，专利的 Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica under Chinese Academy of Sciences： 中国科学院上海药物 研究所 Wuhan Institute of Virology：武汉病毒研究所 virology：病毒学 online and offline：线上线下 go off the shelves
40、：下架 in quick succession：紧接着 circulate：流传 pharmacy：药房 brave the chilly weather：冒着严寒 contrasting：差异大的，形成鲜明对比的 clinical trial：临床试验 physician guidance：医嘱 frenzy：狂怒，暴怒 mock：嘲笑 disinfectant：消毒剂 ultraviolet：紫外线的 dig out：发现，挖掘 disinformation：虚假信息 chord：和弦 vulnerable：易受伤害的，易受攻击的 fatuous：愚蠢的，愚昧的，未经认真考虑的 rebut
41、：反驳，揭露，拒绝 长难句翻译 In the face of Chinas resolute battle against the deadly novel coronavirus outbreak that has caused over 17,000 confirmed cases of infections and 361 deaths nationwide, millions of Chinese people have been quarantined during the Spring Festival holidays. 新型冠状病毒爆发已在全国范围内造成 1.7 万多例确诊感染
42、病例和 361 人死亡。 面对中国与 这种致命病毒的坚决斗争，数百万中国人在春节期间被隔离。 A report by the Xinhua News Agency claimed Chinese patent medicine, Shuanghuanglian oral liquid, containing three herbal ingredients, is effective in containing the novel coronavirus infection, citing the latest joint research between Shanghai Institute
43、 of Materia Medica under Chinese Academy of Sciences and Wuhan Institute of Virology. 新华社引用中国科学院上海药物研究所和武汉病毒研究所的最新联合研究， 声称包含三个草 药成分的中成药双黄连口服液能有效抑制新型冠状病毒感染。 Some analysts suggested rumors and the subsequent panic are more dangerous than the epidemic itself as disinformation often strikes the emotiona
44、l chord and people are vulnerable to incorrect judgments at such critical times. 一些分析人士认为谣言和随之而来的恐慌比疫情本身更加危险， 因为虚假信息常常触动人们 的情感，在这样的关键时刻，人们很容易做出错误的判断。 第四篇素材： Epidemic peak may come in a week or 10 days Its hard to predict when the epidemic (1) will reach its peak (2), but it may come in a week or 10
45、days, said Zhong Nanshan, a member of the Chinese Academy ofEngineering (3) and a prominent expert in respiratory diseases (4) on Janurary 28. After that, the number of people infected (5) by the novel coronavirus (6) will not increase massively, he told Xinhua News Agency(7). There have been report
46、s that early symptoms of the novel coronavirus disease dont include common symptoms of respiratory diseases, such as fever and cough. Zhong said having a fever is still among the most common symptoms of novel coronavirus disease. 10 to 14 days is a perfectwindow for observation (8). After the incuba
47、tion period (9), those who havent been infected will stay healthy and those who have been infected will receive medical treatment. So peoples migration (10) after Spring Festival holiday wont cause a massive spread of the disease, but control measures must continue, he added. Zhong also said so far
48、there is no targeted drug (11) for the novel coronavirus disease, but scientist and medical experts have thought of some ways to fight it. “With the help of life supporting technologies (12), the fatality rate (13) will definitely drop,“ he said. Zhong stressed that the most effective way to control
49、 the epidemic is early identification and quarantine (14) of those infected. “I urged people to stay put (15)before the Spring Festival holiday. I still believe people shouldnt travel, especially those who are from Wuhan. Its not only a personal choice, but also something that matters to society.“ He said with the support of people around the country, Wuhan can surely get through (16) the epidemic. Adapted from NOTES epidemic: 传染病 peak：高峰 Chinese Academy of Engineering：中国工程院 respiratory diseases：呼吸系统疾病 infect：感染 novel coronavirus：新型冠状病毒
