1、外研版八年级英语上册Module 9 Population知识点复习及同步练习Module 9 Population一、学习内容、目标与要求题目Population题材内容本模块以人口为主题，涉及人口过剩以及由此而产生的相关后果。通过阅读，希望能够唤起学生们的忧患意识，并培养他们在实际生活中提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。学习目标语言知识目标功能能够理解并表述大数字；正确使用冠词。语法能够正确使用冠词，准确读出大数字。词汇能够正确使用下列单词和词组：population, crowd, increase, smoke, minute, crime, flat, law, rubbish,
2、tax, add, add to, fault, police理解下列单词和词组：increasing, along with, thanks to, suburb, vision, cure二、课文解释1There are too many people and there is not enough space, and there is too much traffic noise and pollution. too many和too much都用来表示“太多了”这个意思。注意，too many后面要接可数名词的复数形式，而too much后面则要修饰不可数名词。如：1)Youve g
3、iven me too many potatoes. 2)He wants to buy a new car, but he doesnt want to spend too much money on it.3)Id love to come, but Ive got too much work.4)I dont want to invite too many people because its quite a small flat. 我不想邀请太多的人，因为房间太小了。5)Mark isnt coming to the cinema because hes got too much wo
4、rk to do. 马克不能来看电影了，因为他有很多工作要做。2Along with the crowds, the smoke, and the transport problems. 还有人口、烟雾以及交通问题。这句话是接着上一句的。上句话中谈到了环境问题，本句就接着说人口、烟以及交通等问题。along with sb./sth.相当于together with，意思是“连同，跟一块儿”。如：There was a bill along with the parcel. 随同包裹来的还有一张账单。3You know the school prize-givings coming up ne
5、xt week在本句话中，come up是一个短语动词，意思是“进行，举行，发生”(to happen, usually unexpectedly)。如：Ive got to go something has just come up at home and Im needed there.Let me know if anything interesting comes up.4Thats thanks to my“Homework Help”. thanks to表示“由于，因为，多亏”，相当于because of。如：1)Thanks to his brother, we caught
6、the train.2)Thanks to your stupidity, we lost the game.3)Its thanks to Sandy that I heard about the job. 多亏了桑迪，我才听说这个工作。4)The baby is awake thanks to your shouting. 由于你的喊叫，宝宝醒了。5)Thanks to John, we missed the train. 由于约翰的原因，我们没赶上火车。5Jos family live in one of those new flatstheres no room for small h
7、ouses any more.周和家人住在那些新楼房里那里再也没有地方盖小的房子了。room在此处为不可数名词，意思是“空间，地方”。如：1)That sofa would take up too much room in the flat. 房间里的那个沙发占地太多。 2)Is there any room for me in the car? 车里还有地方让我坐下吗？6Its difficult to run a big city, and to protect people from crime. 管理一个大城市，保护人民不受不法活动的侵害是艰巨的(工作)。protectfrom表示“保
8、护/防护不受”。如：1)Its important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun. 保护皮肤免受太阳伤害是非常重要的。2)She wore a pair of sunglasses to protect her eyes from the sun.3)Ill use an umbrella to protect myself from the rain.7It takes Jo an hour to get to school, and this adds to the traffic and pollutio
9、n. add to 表示“增加”。如：The rise in electricity costs has added to our difficulties.当我们想表达“把加到”还可以说addto如：Add the eggs to the cream.Could you add apples to your shopping list?8There need to be more shops and offices.There be句型中可以插入情态动词。本句中There need to be表示“需要有”再如：1)There need to be one more school in th
10、e village.2)There may come a time when youll regret that decision.3)There cant be much room left in the back of the car.三、语法数词：1数词分为基数词和序数词；基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序2基数词与序数词构成基数词 序数词1one first2two second3three third4four fourth5five fifth6six sixth7seven seventh8eight eighth9nine ninth10ten tenth11eleven elev
11、enth12twelve twelfth13thirteen thirteenth20twenty twentieth基数词的构成：(1)112独立成词(2)1319后加-teen注意：thirteen, fifteen, eighteen.(3)2090后加-ty，注：twenty, thirty forty, fifty, eighty(4)2199在十位数和个位数之间加“”，由“几十”和“几”合起来构成。如22读作：twenty-two(5)101999在百位数和十位数之间读时加and，0读“and”，102读作one hundred and two.(6)1000以上的数，从后面向前数
12、，每三位加“,”号，第一“,”前是thousand，第二个“,”前为million，第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand million(英式)。如：389, 674, 325读作three hundred and eighty-nine million, six hundred and seventy-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-five.(7)“千”读thousand，“百”读hundred.如：“万”读ten thousand，“十万”读hundred thousand，“百万”读million(8)hundred,
13、 thousand, million前如有数词时，本身并不用复数。如：two hundred, three thousand在下列词组中常用复数hundreds of成百上千，thousands of成千上万。这种词组中前不能带具体数词，不说：five hundreds of desks. 只说five hundred desks在表示“一排”，“一组”，“一伙”的词组里，如：by twos and threes 三三两两地in fives 五个人一排(一次)at sixes and sevens乱七八糟表示年代in the 1990s(in the nineteen nineties)表示某
14、人“几十岁时”用in ones+数词复数，如：in ones fifties(五十来岁时)in ones teens(十来岁时)在乘法运算中，35=15，Five times three is fifteen巧记：序数词的构成：基变序，有规律，结尾加上-th(fourth，seventh)。一、二、三、特殊例，结尾字母t、d、d(first, second, third)。八去t，九去e，ve要用f替，(eighth, ninth, fifth, twelfth)ty将y变成i，th前面有个e(fortieth)注意：(1)序数词一般在基数词尾加th构成，特殊的有first, second t
15、hird, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, fortieth, fiftieth等。(2)序数词有时用缩写形式：如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th等。(3)th读音/(4)其他序数词几十几，十位用基数，个位用序数，如：第九十九(the)ninety-ninth(99th)第一百零一(the)one hundred(and)first(101st)四、课文译文Unit 1 Its the biggest city in China.Activity 3 Listen and read.托尼：下期新标准的内容有什么？大明：再来一期“作业辅导
16、”怎么样？托尼：这周的作业是什么？玲玲：人口。人口太多，空间不够，而且车辆、噪音以及污染过多。大明：嗯，我们所处的位置正好适于谈论这个问题。北京是个大城市。玲玲：是啊，尽管重庆是全国人口最多的城市。但是日益增长的人口是很多国家的环境问题。托尼：还有人口、烟雾以及交通问题。让我们看一些事实吧。啊，这个怎么样？每分钟有259个婴儿出生。玲玲：也就说是每年会有136，130，400个婴儿出生。托尼：中国的人口大约为13亿玲玲：约占世界人口的20%。(贝蒂向他们走过来)托尼：嗨，贝蒂！和校长的见面怎么样啊？贝蒂：嗨！还可以。你知道，学校的颁奖活动下周要开始了，有以往的奖项、篮球比赛大明：还有摄影比赛贝
17、蒂：还有新标准的特殊奖项北京最好的校刊。大明：那要归功于我的“作业辅导”。贝蒂：猜猜看谁会来颁奖？大明：不知道。贝蒂：贝基王，Crazy Feet的歌手，兼新标准的创刊人。托尼：真不敢相信啊！Unit 2 It was a quiet small village.Activity 2 Read the passage and check your answers to Activity 1.城市景象周15岁，住在帕克威尔。50年前，当周的祖父母刚来到帕克威尔时，它是一个位于镇中央的非常静谧的村庄。在那时，他们在镇子边有一栋小房子，远处有田地和山丘。但是帕克威尔靠近阿恩威克，这一拥有20万人口的
18、大城市。乡下的人们开始去阿恩威克找工作，过更好的生活。当然了，他们需要住的地方。然而，住在阿恩威克市中心很贵，所以市政论决定在市周边建楼房。不久，帕克威尔就成了阿恩威克的城郊住宅区。现在帕克威尔有100多万人口。周一家人住在其中的新楼房中已经没有地方再建小的房子了。五年前，帕克威尔当地的一所小规模的学校关闭了。于是周就去阿恩威克市中心的一所学校上学，学校有2，000名学生。没有人知道所有人的名字。周要花上一个小时的时间才能到学校，这增加了车流量和污染。但这不是她的错。她是喜欢她以前的学校的。阿恩威克需要更大的医院、更多的医生、更好的交通工具以及更少的私家车。需要更多的商店和办公室。它还需要净水
19、、街道上没有垃圾。管理一个大城市、保护人们不受侵害是很艰巨的工作。所以，阿恩威克还需要更多的法律条文、更多的警察、更多的税务来支付这一切。那么，你们认为这怎么样？你们喜欢发生帕克威尔的一切吗？事实上，“城市景象”只是一个故事。但是你们的城镇也像阿恩威克一样面临同样的问题吗？五、语法练习（一）冠词能力综测1A horse is _ useful animal.A. an B. a C. the D. this2He has already worked for _ hour.A. an B. a C. the D. three3Mary wants to become _.A. some doc
20、tor B. a doctor C. doctor D. doctors4Taiwan is _ island, isnt it?A. the B. one C. a D. an5What do you usually do after _?A. the class B. class C. the classes D. classroom6Ill have to buy _ trousers.A. a B. two C. a pair of D. pair of7Ive thrown my old shoes away. Ill have to buy _.A. new pair B. a n
21、ew one C. some new D. some new pair8My father told me he was soon going to visit _.A. the United State B. the United States C. United States D. United State9One tenth of _ thousand is _ hundred.A. one, a B. a, the C. a, a D. one, an10They failed six times, but they have decided to try _.A. seven tim
22、es B. the seven time C. the seventh time D. seventh time11Who are those boys? One is my brother and _.A. the big boy is Mike B. a big boy is MikeC. the big boy is a Peter D. a big boy is a Peter12_ book on that desk is a good one.A. A B. Some C. The D. Others13You will find _ girl in black. She is _
23、 teacher.A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the14_ birds can fly very high in _ sky.A. The, the B. The, a C. An, the D. A, the15Im not looking at _.A. sun B. sky C. the sun D. some sky16There is _ “u” in the word“useful”.A. a B. an C. the D. this17The little boy wishes to be _.A. Lei Feng B. the Le
24、i Feng C. this Lei Feng D. a Lei Feng18_ have studied English in our school.A. Most of students B. The most studentsC. Most of the students D. Most student19Toms brother hit Bob on _ nose.A. his B. the C. its D. a20We are going to have an exam _.A. in the class B. in a class C. at the class D. in cl
25、ass21We will begin _.A. after the dinner B. after a dinner C. after dinner D. before the dinner22We have had _.A. good dinner B. a good dinner C. the good dinner D. good dinners参考答案：1B2A3B4D5B6C7A8B9C10C11A12C13B14A15C16A17D18C19B20D21C22B1B useful一词是以辅音音素开头的词汇，因此不定冠词应使用a而不用an。所以，B是正确答案。2A hour一词是以元
26、音音素开头的词汇，因此不定冠词应使用an，所以A是正确答案。3B 可数名词的单数形式通常与不定冠词连用。根据题意：“Mary想成为一名医生”，所以判断B是正确答案。4D island一词也是以元音音素开头的词汇，表示单数形式与不定冠词an连用，所以D是正确答案。5B class一词有多种含义，指课上(in class)，课下(after class)时，不与冠词连用。所以B是正确答案。6C trousers一词不能用数字直接修饰，通常用pair来修饰，“一条裤子”应表达为“a pair of trousers”，两条，三条把pair变成复数。所以此题C是正确答案。7A shoes一词通常用pa
27、ir来修饰，“一双新鞋”表达为a new pair of shoes，也可简略为a new pair。所以A是正确答案。8B “美国”应表达为“the United States”而且“u”“s”要大写，还要有定冠词the，因此B是正确答案。9C “一百”，“一千”在同一个句子里分别作主语和宾语时，表示数量的词前后要统一，或者都用a，或者都用one表示“一”。因此C是最佳答案。10C “第七次”表达为“the seventh time”，“七”用序数词表示顺序，序数词前要加定冠词the，所以C是正确答案。11A the表示特指，与名词连用。“那个大男孩是Mike”应表达为“the big bo
28、y is Mike”，所以A是正确答案。12C “the”表示特指。“桌子上的那本书”应表达为The book on that desk，所以C是正确答案。13B 第一个空“那个穿黑衣服的女孩”表示特指，所以用定冠词the；第二空“她是一名教师”，用a表示单数概念。因此B是正确答案。14A 这两个空都使用定冠词the，表示特指，这句话意为：“那些鸟在天空中飞得很高”。所以A是正确答案。15C 世界独一无二的事物与定冠词the连用。因此C是正确答案。16A 字母u是以辅音开头，所以“一个u”表达为a而不用an，所以A是正确答案。17D 此题的意思是：“那个小男孩想成为一名雷锋”，因此Lei Fe
29、ng前要加不定冠词a，所以D是正确答案。18C most修饰可数名词复数时，表示“大部分的”表示一定范围中的大多数应表达为“most of the”，所以C是最佳答案。19B hit sb. on/ in the+部位，“打了Bob的鼻子”，应表达为“hit Bob on the nose”，因此B是正确答案。20D “在课堂上”应表达为“in class”，class前不加定冠词the，所以D是最佳答案。21C “晚饭后”意为“after dinner”，dinner前不加定冠词the，所以C是正确答案。22B 表示“一顿晚饭”，dinner前加不定冠词，“一顿丰盛的晚宴”可表达为“a go
30、od dinner”，所以B是正确答案。（二）数词能力综测1_ students are planting trees.A.Several hundreds B.Several hundredC. Five hundreds D.Five hundred of2_ to finish quickly.A. No every student wants B. No every student wantC. Not every student wants D. Not every student want3_ ago, our country was covered by thick forest
31、s.A. Several million of year B. Several million yearC. Several million years D. Several million years4The weight of the moon is only about _ of that of the earth.A. one eighty C. one of eightyC. one the eightieth D. one eightieth5Its 11:45. Yes, its _.A. fifteen past twelve B. fifteen from twelveC.
32、a quarter past twelve D. a quarter to twelve6What date is it? Its _.A. July twentieth-first B. of July twenty-firstC. the twenty-first of July D. the twentieth-first of July7He asked _.A. what was wrong with me B. what is wrong with meC. how wrong I was D. which was wrong with me8I have _ things to
33、do. I cant play _.A. many, no more B. a lot of, any moreC. much, more D. much, any more9I have a _ paper on my desk.A. little B. lot C. lots D. little of10This is _.A. the question thirty B. the question thirteen C. thirty question D. question thirteen11Fight nineteen from Shenyang to Shanghai is no
34、w arriving at _.A. Gate Two B. the gate two C. the two gate D. second gate参考答案：1B several修饰hundred时，hundred不加s。所以B是正确答案。2C every修饰可数名词单数。表示不完全否定时与not连用。所以C是正确答案。3C several修饰million时，million不加s。million与of连用时million必须加s。所以判断C是正确答案。4D 表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子超过“一”分母用复数。所以D是正确答案。5D 11：45可表达为eleven forty-f
35、ive或者a quarter to twelve(差十五分钟十二点)因此只有D符合要求。6C 表示日期时，用序数词，二十一号表达为the twenty-first，所以C是正确答案。7A 在宾语从句中，主句是过去时，从句也要用表示过去的时态。根据题意，A是正确答案。8B 根据题意：“我有许多事情要做，我不能再玩了”，“不再”可译为“notany more”所以B是正确答案。9A paper是不可数名词，在四个选项中，只有A符合题意。10D “第十三个问题”可表达为“the thirteenth question”或者“question thirteen”，因此D是正确答案。11A 专有名词要大写第一个字母，所以A是正确答案。17 / 17
