1、高考完形填空议论文类解题策略格式塔心理学格式塔心理学(gestaltpsychology)又叫又叫完形心理学完形心理学，当看见不完，当看见不完整的事物时，人们根据脑子里整的事物时，人们根据脑子里对事物的完整概念，会在思想对事物的完整概念，会在思想上把它补全。上把它补全。完形填空的起源完形填空的起源 英国学者英国学者泰勒泰勒 (Taylor)格式塔心理学格式塔心理学 完形填空完形填空（cloze test）完形填空考察学生是否能在掌握文章主旨大意和正完形填空考察学生是否能在掌握文章主旨大意和正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系的基础上，准确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系的基础上，准确运用动词、
2、名词、形容词、副词、介词等的能力。确运用动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词等的能力。Key words:theme,context,usage of wordsRequirements记叙文记叙文故事性强，有情节，而且内容多种多样，多侧重表故事性强，有情节，而且内容多种多样，多侧重表达西方人的风俗习惯，描写人物内心活动等。达西方人的风俗习惯，描写人物内心活动等。夹叙夹议类文章夹叙夹议类文章有积极的教育意义，叙议结合，侧重语境。有积极的教育意义，叙议结合，侧重语境。语言情景化方向发展。语言情景化方向发展。说明文说明文是以说明是以说明、阐述某个对象、阐述某个对象为主要表达方式。为主要表达方式。议论文议
3、论文是是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章的说理性文章。Categories 议论文议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地地解释事物，还解释事物，还力图力图通过论证、推理、辩论等手段，试图通过论证、推理、辩论等手段，试图说服读者相信并说服读者相信并接受接受对这一主题的某种观点。对这一主题的某种观点。CharacteristicsThreeelements议论文议论文Arguments Supporting
4、 detailsConclusion Arguments开门见山式提出论点 Reading is of great importance.Thats why World Book Day came into being.World Book Day_1_ on April 23rd every year,which _2_ to encourage people,particularly teenagers,to discover the_3_ of reading so that they fall in love with books.Arguments导入式提出论点Each year t
5、here is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars are produced.One out of every six Americans _1_ at putting together the parts of cars,driving trucks,building roads or filling cars with gas.Americans wont live without _2_!Arguments文末收尾式提出论点In brief,mistakes play an 1
6、8 part in our life.It makes our life more colorful and is beneficial to our growth and 19 .So next time,when you make a mistake,dont lose heart.20 ,welcome it with a big smile.SupportingdetailsInductionInferenceContrast RefutationMethods 跳读全文，定论点跳读全文，定论点（theme）仔细辨析，明态度仔细辨析，明态度 (attitude)12上下求索，寻论据上下
7、求索，寻论据 (context)3Strategies跳读全文，定论点跳读全文，定论点（theme）1 把握文章首句，迅速找到全文所要论证的总论点，进而理解全文的主旨大意。把握每段首句，通常它们就是每段的主题句(topic sentence)，也可能是文章的分论点。2 仔细阅读文章，了解文章各个段落的功能，确立每个论据的位置，厘清论据的呈现形式和逻辑关系。体会作者谋篇布局的方法，感受作者论证的过程.上下求索，寻论据上下求索，寻论据 (context)完行议论文往往体现作者对某一话题的观点，而作者的观点往往就是文章的论点。通过找出作者对文章话题的褒贬态度，是赞成还是反对，可以帮助更好地定位文章论
8、点，并剖析出作者的写作意图。仔细辨析，明态度仔细辨析，明态度 (attitude)3Practice实战演练实战演练 Title_ Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there,to serve some sort of 1 ,teach you a lesson,or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become.You 2 know who these people may
9、be(possibly your roommate,neighbor,co-worker,long-lost friend,lover,or even a complete stranger),but when you 3 eyes on them,you know at that very moment they will 4 your life in some profound(深远的)way.And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible,painful and unfair at first,but 5 you fin
10、d that without overcoming those obstacles you would have never realized your potential,strength,willpower,or heart.Everything happens for a reason.Nothing happens 6 or by means of good luck.Illness,injury,love,lost moments of true greatness and complete stupidity all occur to 7 the limits of your so
11、ul.8 these small tests whatever they may be,life would be like a smoothly paved,straight,flat road to 9 .It would be safe and comfortable,but dull and 10.The people you meet who affect your life,and the success and downfalls you experience,help to create who you are and who you become.Even the 11 ex
12、periences can be learned from.In fact,they are probably the most poignant(伤心的)and important ones.If someone hurts you,12 you,or breaks your heart,forgive them,for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious when you open your heart.If someone loves you,love them back
13、13 ,not only because they love you,but because 14 ,they are teaching you to love and how to open your 15 and eyes to things.Make every day count.16 every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again.Talk to people that you have
14、never talked to before,and actually listen.Let yourself fall in love,break free,and set your sights 17.Hold your head up because you have 18 right to.Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself,for if you dont believe in yourself,it will be hard for others to believe in you.You
15、can make your life anything you wish.Create your own life and then go out and live it with absolutely no 19 .Most importantly,if you LOVE someone,tell him or her,for you never know what tomorrow may have in 20.And learn a lesson in life each day that you live.1.A.people B.intention C.purpose D.advan
16、tage2.A.already B.never C.should D.sometimes3.A.turn B.lock C.exchangeD.open4.A.create B.rescue C.affect D.challenge5.A.on reflection B.in generalC.in additionD.in vain6.A.on purpose B.by accidentC.by itself D.in principle7.A.set B.test C.reach D.exceed8.A.Despite B.With C.For D.Without9.A.nowhere B
17、.somewhereC.anywhereD.everywhere10.A.bored B.pointlessC.undeservedD.meaningful11.A.good B.differentC.pleasant D.bad12.A.betrays B.loves C.understandsD.watches13.A.temporarily B.eventuallyC.unconditionallyD.desperately14.A.by the way B.on the wayC.in a way D.under way15.A.mouth B.heart C.mind D.emoti
18、on16.A.Comprehend B.AppreciateC.Expect D.Assess17.A.high B.low C.hard D.gently18.A.every B.each C.proper D.exact19.A.ambition B.hatredC.beliefs D.regrets20.A.future B.existenceC.store D.timeSometimespeoplecomeintoyourlifeandyouwillknowrightawaythattheyweremeanttobethere,toservesomesortof_1_,teachyou
19、alesson,ortohelpyoufigureoutwhoyouareorwhoyouwanttobecome.1.A.peopleB.intentionC.purposeD.advantageStrategyI跳读全文，定论点（theme)You2knowwhothesepeoplemaybe(possiblyyourroommate,neighbor,co-worker,longlostfriend,lover,orevenacompletestranger),butwhenyou3youreyesonthem,youknowatthatverymomenttheywill4affec
20、tyourlifeinsomeprofound(深远的)way.2.A.alreadyB.neverC.shouldD.sometimes3.A.turnB.lockC.exchangeD.openStrategyI跳读全文，定论点（theme)Andsometimesthingshappentoyouthatmayseemhorrible,painfulandunfairatfirst,but5onreflectionfindthatwithoutovercomingthoseobstaclesyouwouldhaveneverrealizedyourpotential,strength,w
21、illpower,orheart.StrategyI跳读全文，定论点（theme)Themainargument:People who come into your life will People who come into your life will affect you in some way,and even you affect you in some way,and even you can learn from the bad experiences.can learn from the bad experiences.Everythinghappensforareason.N
22、othinghappens6byaccidentorbymeansofgoodluck.Illness,injury,love,lostmomentsoftruegreatnessandcompletestupidityalloccurto7testthelimitsofyoursoul.StrategyII上下求索，寻论据（context)Induction StrategyII上下求索，寻论据（context)8thesesmalltestswhatevertheymaybe,lifewouldbelikeasmoothlypaved,straight,flatroadto9nowhere
23、.Itwouldbesafeandcomfortable,butdulland10.8.A.DespiteB.withC.ForD.Without10.boredB.pointlessC.undeservedD.meaningfulContrast StrategyII上下求索，寻论据（context)Eventhe11badexperiencescanbelearnedfrom.Infact,theyareprobablythemostpoignantandimportantones.Ifsomeonehurtsyou,12betraysyou,orbreaksyourheart,forgi
24、vehim,fortheyhavehelpedyoulearnabouttrustandtheimportanceofbeingcautiouswhenyouopenyourheart.Tolerance is the best policy.StrategyII上下求索，寻论据（context)Ifsomeonelovesyou,lovethemback13,notonlybecausetheyloveyou,butbecause14,theyareteachingyoutoloveandhowtoopenyour15heartandeyestothings.13.A.temporarily
25、B.eventuallyC.unconditionallyD.desperately14.A.bythewayB.onthewayC.inawayD.underwayContrast StrategyIII仔细辨析，明态度（attitude)Makeeverydaycount.16everymomentandtakefromthosemomentseverythingthatyoupossiblycanforyoumayneverabletoexperienceitagain.Talktopeoplethatyouhavenevertalkedbefore,andactuallylisten.
26、Letyourselffallinlove,breakfree,andsetyoursights17.16.A.ComprehendB.AppreciateC.ExpectD.Assess17.A.highB.lowC.hardD.gentlyStrategyIII仔细辨析，明态度（attitude)Holdyourheadupbecauseyouhave18everyrightto.Tellyourselfyouareagreatindividualandbelieveinyourself,forifyoudontbelieveinyourself,itwillbehardforothers
27、tobelieveinyou.Youcanmakeyourselfanythingyouwish.Createyourownlifeandthengooutandliveitwithabsolutelyno19.19.A.ambitionB.hatredC.beliefsD.regretsCherish the present and live it to the fullest.StrategyIII仔细辨析，明态度（attitude)Mostimportantly,ifyouLOVEsomeone,tellhimorher,foryouneverknowwhattomorrowmayhav
28、ein20store.Andlearnalessoninlifeeachdaythatyoulive.Yesterday is history,Tomorrow is mystery,but today is a gift!ThestoryoflifeTitle People who come into your life will affect you in some way,and even you can learn from the bad experiences.Therefore,you should make everyday count and live with no reg
29、rets.SummaryofthetextAppreciation Without these small tests whatever they may be,life would be like a smoothly paved,straight,flat road to nowhere.It would be safe and comfortable,but dull and pointless.无论这些小小的考验是什么，没有了它们，生命就像是一条不知通往何处的平坦大道，纵然安全舒适，但却了然无趣、毫无意义。Appreciation Appreciate every moment and
30、 take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again.珍惜、感恩生命中的每一刻，并尽你所能地从中得到收获，因为你不会有从头再来的可能。Appreciation Most importantly,if you LOVE someone,tell him or her,for you never know what tomorrow may have in store.最重要的是，如果你爱一个人一定要告诉他（她），因为没有人知道未来会有什么
31、在等着我们。Highlight ThestoryoflifeHighlight ThestoryoflifeHighlight 跳读全文，定论点跳读全文，定论点议论文议论文仔细辨析，明态度仔细辨析，明态度上下求索，寻论据上下求索，寻论据Summary Context counts.Look for hints.Observe the first sentence.Zero in on the theme.Enlarge your vocabulary.CLOZEMyadviceHomework Memorize the useful expressions summed up in this
32、lesson.Finish the following cloze test.THANKS The most significant truth about children is that they disappear.Slowly,gradually,but _1_.Children are like clocks,marking the passage of time with each new stage of growth.To see a child disappearor _2_,to become aware of their disappearanceis to become
33、 aware of losing something you have loved more than anything you have loved in your life before,_3_ will again.As our children grow,we are also _4_ the passing of a roleof ourselves as protectors,indispensable,loved passionately with the need only children and lovers can _5_ us.Think of how these pr
34、ocesses of mourning are recorded in songs,my favorite of which,by Nanci Griffith,_6_ me to tears.And yet I go back to it again and again.Why?What are the tears for?They are tears,partly,for loss._7_,they are simply sentimentalor at least,_8_.Because all life is connected with loss._9_ is what makes
35、life beautiful and worth living.All that comes and goes away is the heart of beauty.Children are simply the most vivid examples of such cases.Exercise So,there are many kinds of tears.We weep at a sad song about children growing up partly because the process _10_ us as tragic.But they may also be te
36、ars of the recognition of _11_,because this profound changing brings us closely into touch with the heart of life itself.The idea that we are losing love as our children grow is not true.The love I feel for my two eldest daughters,in their 20s now,has never _12_ with the passing of time.They are ind
37、ependent now.Yet when I look at them sometimes,I feel exactly the same emotion I felt when they were _13_ walking.We do not lose our childrennot _14_ we are very unlucky,or very bad parents.If our desires to _15_ our children really took root,and were acted out,it would be a disaster.Over-parented c
38、hildren could not _16_ leave home,ever.We must learn to let go.And _17_ they,too,must let go,as their parents _18_ out of this life,at first gradually then entirely.I have already“lost”my children many timesas babies,as toddlers,as infants.Each time,they are made anewand yet are always,_19_,the same
39、.Parallel changes are happening to me,too,if I am doing it right._20_,I am always losing my children only in the sense that I am always losing myself.1.A.permanently B.eventuallyC.absolutelyD.occasionally2.A.insteadB.otherwiseC.ratherD.else3.A.but B.so C.whileD.or4.A.mourning B.celebrating C.stressi
40、ng D.worshipping5.A.deliverB.payC.offerD.show6.A.inspiresB.thrillsC.burdensD.reduces7.A.As usualB.As suchC.As expectedD.As follows8.A.unnecessaryB.fundamentalC.unconditional D.artificial9.A.AmbiguityB.GravityC.FrequencyD.Inconsistency10.A.challengesB.regardsC.strikesD.describes11.A.dilemmaB.beautyC.
41、ambitionD.virtue12.A.separatedB.substitutedC.wrestledD.compromised13.A.barelyB.merelyC.simplyD.thoroughly14.A.if B.unlessC.althoughD.until15.A.get through toB.catch up onC.hold on toD.date back to16.A.apparentlyB.intentionallyC.EmotionallyD.randomly17.A.on and onB.time from timeC.one by oneD.by and by18.A.passB.wander C.MigrateD.run19.A.in that caseB.at some levelC.at no timeD.by all means20.A.On top of that B.No wonder C.On the other handD.In other wordsKeys1-20 BCDAC DBADC BDABC CDABD
