1、1.3.2奇偶性思维导图函数的奇偶性奇函数的定义奇函数的图象奇函数的图象关于原点对称关于原点对称奇偶性的应用分段、抽象函数奇偶性的判断奇偶性的判断图象特征及运用 1.一般地,如果对于函数 f(x)的定义域内 一个x,都有 ,那么函数 f(x)就叫做偶函数.2.一般地,如果对于函数 f(x)的定义域内一个x,都有 ,那么函数 f(x)就叫做奇函数.特别提醒:(1)一般地,奇函数要么在x=0处没有定义,要么在x=0处的函数值为0,即 f(0)=0.(2)常数函数 f(x)=0在 的情况下既是奇函数又是偶函数.任意任意定义域关于原点对称 1、函数奇偶性与单调性的区别:(1)奇偶性反映的是函数在定义域
2、上的对称性 单调性反映的是函数在某一区间上函数值的变化趋势;(2)奇偶性是针对整个函数定义域而言的(整体性质)单调性则是针对函数定义域的某一个子区间而言的(局部性质);2、定义域“关于原点对称”是函数具有奇偶性的前提 3、若奇函数在原点处有定义,则必有f(0)=0.4、等价关系:).0)(1)()(0)()()()(:)1(xfxfxfxfxfxfxf也可等价变形为可等价变形为偶函数).0)(1)()(0)()()()(:)2(xfxfxfxfxfxfxf也可等价变形为可等价变形为奇函数321.:(1)()221(2)()1(3)()22(4)()()f xxxf xxxxf xxf xxax
3、a aR例 判断下列函数的奇偶性:,),(),()(2211的奇偶性的步骤判断分段函数IxxfIxxfxf则进行以下步骤若对称点对称判断定义域是否关于原,.)1(;)()(),(,)2(211的关系与判断求内内还是在在判断时当xfxfxfIIxIx212(3),(),()();xIxIIfxfxf x当时 判断在 内还是在 内 求判断与的关系)0(,0()4(fx须验证处有定义如果函数在得出结论.)0)(1()0)(1()(.2的奇偶性判断函数例xxxxxxxf.)(:).()(2)()(,),()2(.)(:).()()(,),()1.(321212121为偶函数求证都有若对于任意实数已知函
4、数为奇函数求证都有若对于任意实数已知函数例xfxfxfxxfxxfxxRxxfxfbfafbafbaRxxf 1.如果一个函数是,则这个函数的图象是以 为对称中心的中心对称图形;反之,如果一个函数的图象是以 为对称中心的中心对称图形,则这个函数是 2.如果一个函数是,则它的图象是以 为对称轴的轴对称图形;反之,如果一个函数的图象关于 对称,则这个函数是.原点原点y轴y轴 1、函数奇偶性反映到图象上是图象的对称性,因而当问题涉及奇函数或偶函数时,不妨利用图象的对称性帮助解决,或者研究关于原点对称的区间上的函数值的有关规律等。2、奇函数在关于原点对称的区间上的单调性相同;偶函数在关于原点对称的区间
5、上的单调性相反。.)3()1(,)(.4的大小与试比较的局部图象如图给出了偶函数例ffxfy)(0)(,)(.5的所有实根之和是则方程轴有四个交点且图象与是偶函数已知函数例xfxxfyA.4 B.2 C.1 D.0 1、设所求区间上的任意x;2、把所求区间内的变量转化为已知区间内的变量(x -x);3、利用f(-x)=f(x)或f(-x)=-f(x)求出所求区间的函数解析式。6.(1)()0()(1),0,()(2)()0()1,0()f xxf xx xxf xf xxf xxxf x 例已知函数是偶函数,且当时试求当时的解析式已知函数是奇函数,且当时试求当时,的解析式一般地,若函数f(x)
6、为奇函数,则f(x)在关于原点对称的两个区间a,b和-b,-a上具有相同的单调性;若函数f(x)为偶函数,则f(x)在关于原点对称的两个区间a,b和-b,-a上具有相反的单调性;.,)()1(,)(,0),(2,2.7的取值范围求成立若单调递减时当在上的偶函数定义例mmgmgxgxxg团Tiffany,a 16-year-old girl,was very shy.Last September,her best frien“I was really sad the moment I heard the bad news and I didnt know what to do,”Tiffany
7、recalled.“I shut myself in my room for a whole week.It was then that my aunt took me to a sports club one Saturday and I saw so many young people playing different kinds of sports there.I signed up for a beginners course in volleyball and since then I have been playing this sport.Now I practice twic
8、e a week there.It is wonderful playing sports in this club and I have made lots of friends as well.2 ”The most basic aim of playing sports is that you can improve your health even if you are not very good at sports.Besides,you can get to know a circle of people at your age while playing sports.3 Sin
9、ce she joined the sports club,s I got used to the life here.And now I know lots of(5)_ here.For example,when I meet my friend on the street,I usually(6)_ him like this,“Hey,where are you going?”In our country if someone asks this,people may get(7)_ but in this country people wont.Of course,there are
10、 some other interesting things here.Ill tell you about them next time.he has opened up herself and now she has become very active and enjoys meeting and talking with others.1Its polite for girls to kiss each other on the side of the face.s also become more confident.团圆圆一家在台湾可受欢迎了。每天,小朋友们排着长队,等着跟它们合影留念。从“排着长队”体现出每天喜欢它们的人不计其数,特别受选D.A.根据同类项合并法则,与不是同类项,不能合并,故本选项错误;B.根据算术平方根的定义,=3,故本选项错误;C.根据同底数幂的乘法aa2=a3,故本选项错误;D.根据积的乘方,(2a3)2=4a6,故本选项正确.欢迎。从“合影留念”体现出大家都想和大熊猫留住最美丽的瞬间以作纪念。Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.精品资料!感谢阅读下载!